Clinical outcomes in newborns of pregnant women with COVID-19: integrative review.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze clinical outcomes in newborns of pregnant women with COVID-19. METHODS: integrative review conducted in PubMed, Web of Knowledge, SCOPUS, CINHAL; 2,111 studies were obtained, and 8 articles comprised the final sample. RESULTS: clinical outcomes in neonates of pregnant women positive for COVID-19 were classified according to the following categories: a) contamination by COVID-19, reported in 62.5% of the studies; b) hospital discharge due to improvement, mentioned in 37.5% of the articles; c) death, representing rare cases in 25% of the sample. The most prevalent gestational complication was prematurity, mentioned in 75% of the studies. This complication has been observed due to cases of premature rupture of membranes and placental abruption. CONCLUSIONS: despite the knowledge of asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic behavior in neonates, it is important to continue the search for new clinical data, as this public has uncertain reactions to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Sexual exposure to HIV in Angolan men who have sex with men immigrants: A cross-sectional study in Portugal and Brazil.

BACKGROUND: In different contexts, international migrants are vulnerable to health disparities that increase the risk of HIV/AIDS exposure and continue to bear a significant burden of new virus infections in developed and developing countries. In this study, we sought to examine sexual practices and factors linked to HIV exposure among a sample of Angolan men who have sex with men (MSM) immigrants. METHODS: The study was conducted in two Portuguese-speaking countries, Brazil and Portugal, and involved 250 Angolan MSM immigrants between September 2020 and February 2021, using sampling methods to constitute the sample and the HIV Incidence Risk Index (HIRI) to define virus exposure risk. Odds ratio (OR) and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) were used to calculate the chances of higher HIRI index in the sample. RESULTS: Our results showed that 76.8% of participants presented a high HIRI index, influenced by the practice of chemsex (aOR: 4.26), having a known/repeated partner (aOR: 4.59), and engaging in passive sex without a condom in the last 30 days (aOR: 1.29) or 6 months (aOR: 1.98). CONCLUSIONS: It is crucial to focus on this vulnerable population and implement sexual health policies that integrate combined HIV prevention measures aimed at immigrant MSM.

Sexual Practices and Predisposition to PrEP Use Among Men Ages 50 Years and Older Who Have Sex With Men: A Cross-Sectional Study.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the sexual practices of men ages 50 years or older who have sex with men (MSM) and factors influencing their predisposition to use preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Brazil and Portugal with 718 MSM. Of these, 278 (38.7%) were categorized as being at high risk for HIV based on the HIV Incidence Risk Index (HIRI), and 418 (58.2%) expressed a predisposition to use PrEP. Overall, sociodemographic factors and specific sexual practices increased the likelihood of being classified as high risk for HIV, particularly sexual position and sexual activity. However, factors that influenced the predisposition to use PrEP included age group, receptive anal sex, knowledge of postexposure prophylaxis, high HIRI score, and a history of syphilis. These findings underscore the urgent need for health services to provide comprehensive and adequate attention to the realities of this population, considering its complexities and specificities.

Bibliometric Analysis of Global Scientific Production on COVID-19 and Vaccines.

This bibliometric analysis aims to analyze the global scientific production of COVID-19 and vaccines. First, a search for scientific articles was performed using the advanced query in the Web of Science™ database, more precisely in its core collection, on 18 February 2023. Data from 7754 articles were analyzed using the Bibliometrix R package and the Biblioshiny application. The evaluated articles were published mainly in 2022 (60%). The scientific journals that published the most about COVID-19 and vaccines were "Vaccines", "Vaccine" and "Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics". The University of Oxford was the most productive institution, with the authors of the articles mainly originating from the United States, China and the United Kingdom. The United States, despite having carried out the most significant number of collaborations, published mainly with local researchers. The 15 most cited articles and the KeyWords Plus™ evidenced the focus of the published articles on the safety and efficacy of vaccines against COVID-19, as well as on the evaluation of vaccine acceptance, more specifically on vaccine hesitancy. Research funding came primarily from US government agencies.

Colonization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among healthcare students: an integrative review.

BACKGROUND: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is a worldwide concern given its presence even in non-hospitalized healthy individuals, such as university students. OBJECTIVE: To identify in the literature the prevalence of colonization by MRSA among healthcare students. DESIGN AND SETTING: Integrative review of the literature conducted in Universidade Federal do Piauí. METHOD: A search for primary studies was performed in the following databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System on-line; Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature; Web of Science; Scopus; and LILACS. RESULTS: This review included 27 studies that demonstrated MRSA infection prevalence ranging from 0.0 to 15.3% among students. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of colonization of MRSA among healthcare students is high, and the nasal cavity was cited as an important reservoir location for these microorganisms.

Analysis of antimicrobial prescriptions in Primary Healthcare. / Análise de prescrições de antimicrobianos na Atenção Primária à Saúde.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate prescription receipts for antimicrobial prescriptions prescribed in primary healthcare units in a capital city in the Northeast region of Brazil. METHOD: An evaluative, analytical study. Information from the central distribution of essential medicines and the receipts of antimicrobial prescriptions were used. RESULTS: There were 2,232 prescription receipts analyzed, in which metronidazole (250 mg) was prescribed in 28% of the evaluated prescription receipts, the "pill" pharmaceutical form in 30.7%, and the "oral" administration form in 78.2%. In the prescriptions prescribed by nurses, 80.7% were intended for users with sexually transmitted infections. With the exception of the pharmaceutical form, only 34.7% of the prescriptions were in accordance with the Nursing protocol recommendations. There is still no information on the concentration (43.7%), the dosage (39.9%) and the treatment time (36.8%). CONCLUSION: The evaluated receipts of antimicrobial prescriptions do not accurately follow the guidelines of Resolution No. 20/2011, nor of the instituted Nursing protocol.

Social representations of HIV/AIDS by older people and the interface with prevention.

OBJECTIVE: To apprehend the social representations elaborated by older people about HIV/AIDS and to understand how they relate to the prevention of HIV infection. METHOD: Descriptive and qualitative research based on the Theory of Social Representations with 42 older people assisted at primary care. Data were produced through in-depth interviews with a semi-structured instrument, processed in the IRaMuTeQ software, and analyzed by means of the descending hierarchical classification. RESULTS: Five classes emerged: "HIV/AIDS: a problem of young people"; "Quality of life improvement for people living with HIV/AIDS"; "Vulnerability to HIV/AIDS among heterosexual women in a stable union"; "HIV/AIDS Information Network: process of creation and transformation of social representations" and "Prevention versus stigma". FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The social representations that older people have about HIV/AIDS influence the adoption of preventive measures negatively because stigma is present and HIV/AIDS is attributed to young men, and to men who have sex with other men.

Nursing professionals' knowledge regarding the management of waste produced in primary health care.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the knowledge of Nursing professionals regarding waste management in primary healthcare services. METHOD: Descriptive study with a mixed approach, developed with 42 nursing professionals who worked in basic health units of a capital in the Brazilian Northeast Region. Quantitative variables were analyzed by the SPSS 20.0 program. Reports were processed by the IRaMuTeQ software, analyzed according to the descending hierarchical classification, and grounded on the Collective Subject Discourse. RESULTS: Low knowledge scores were obtained, associated with specific socioeconomic and training variables. Analysis of collected reports allowed to identify three classes: "Inadequate waste disposal: first and main step"; "Correct disposal improves service quality and prevents diseases"; and "Consequences associated with incorrect disposal". CONCLUSION: The knowledge of professionals falls short of the expectations to adequately manage waste produced in primary health care and is concentrated on the initial steps, mainly the disposal process.

Representações sociais elaboradas por discentes de enfermagem sobre a prevenção da covid-19 / Social representations elaborated by nursing students about covid-19 prevention / Representaciones sociales elaboradas por estudiantes de enfermería sobre la prevención del covid-19

RESUMO Objetivo: apreender as representações sociais elaboradas por discentes de enfermagem sobre a prevenção da COVID-19. Método: pesquisa exploratória-descritiva e qualitativa. Os dados foram produzidos por meio de entrevistas com 32 participantes, realizadas no período de setembro de 2021 a julho de 2022. O Cenário do estudo foi uma instituição de ensino superior pública, localizada na região nordeste do Brasil. Os dados foram processados utilizando o software IRaMuTeQ. Resultados: a gênese das representações sociais da prevenção da COVID-19 apontou dois eixos: Organização de ideias sobre as medidas de prevenção da COVID-19; e a Eficiência, confiabilidade e fonte das informações obtidas. Considerações Finais: as representações sociais evidenciaram o saber sobre as medidas de prevenção da COVID-19, oportunizaram o esclarecimento sobre a origem dos saberes dos discentes e de especificidades que consideram importantes. Espera-se que esse estudo possa servir como alicerce para novas pesquisas e/ou intervenções com discentes de enfermagem.

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the social representations elaborated by nursing students about the prevention of COVID-19. Method: exploratory-descriptive and qualitative research. Data were produced through interviews with 32 participants, conducted in the period from September 2021 to July 2022. The Study Setting was a public higher education institution, located in the northeastern region of Brazil. Data were processed using IRaMuTeQ software. Results: the genesis of the social representations of COVID-19 prevention pointed to two axes: Organization of ideas about COVID-19 prevention measures, and Efficiency, reliability and source of the information obtained. Final Considerations: the social representations showed the knowledge about the prevention measures of COVID-19, provided an opportunity to clarify the origin of the students' knowledge and the specificities they consider important. It is hoped that this study can serve as a foundation for further research and/or interventions with nursing students.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Apreciar las representaciones sociales elaboradas por discentes de enfermería sobre la prevención del COVID-19. Método: investigación exploratoria-descriptiva y cualitativa. Los datos fueron producidos a través de entrevistas con 32 participantes, realizadas en el período de septiembre de 2021 a julio de 2022. El escenario del estudio fue una institución pública de enseñanza superior, localizada en la región nordeste de Brasil. Los datos fueron procesados utilizando el software IRaMuTeQ. Resultados: la génesis de las representaciones sociales de la prevención del COVID-19 apuntaba a dos ejes: Organización de ideas sobre las medidas de prevención del COVID-19; y Eficacia, fiabilidad y fuente de las informaciones obtenidas. Consideraciones Finales: Las representaciones sociales mostraron el conocimiento sobre las medidas de prevención del COVID-19, proporcionando una oportunidad para aclarar el origen del conocimiento de los estudiantes y las especificidades que ellos consideran importantes. Se espera que este estudio pueda servir de base para futuras investigaciones y/o intervenciones con estudiantes de enfermería.

Infección urinaria en el prenatal: papel de las enfermeras de salud pública / Satisfaction, compassion fatigue and associated factors in primary care nurses

Objetivo: Explorar y describir el rol de la enfermera de salud pública en la consulta prenatal para prevenir y controlar la infección del tracto urinario. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo cualitativo realizado en 24 unidades básicas de salud en el sur de Piauí, noreste de Brasil. El estudio involucró a 22 enfermeras de salud pública y se llevó a cabo de febrero a marzo de 2016. Los datos se recolectaron a través de un cuestionario semiestructurado que contenía datos sociodemográficos seguido de las preguntas de la entrevista. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó el software IRAMUTEQ mediante el método de Clasificación Jerárquica Descendente. Resultados: Se desarrollaron las siguientes clases a partir de las palabras evocadas: 1 - Atención de rutina a enfermeras de salud pública que atienden a gestantes; 3 - Actuación de las enfermeras de salud pública en el tratamiento y prevención de la infección del tracto urinario en mujeres embarazadas; 4 - Dificultades en el diagnóstico de infección del tracto urinario en mujeres embarazadas; 2 - La educación sanitaria como principal medida adoptada por las enfermeras de salud pública para prevenir la infección del tracto urinario en la gestante. Conclusiones: Las enfermeras de salud pública carecen de protocolos y cumplimiento de las guías. Las principales medidas para la prevención y el control de la infección del tracto urinario en mujeres embarazadas fueron una adecuada higiene íntima, mayor ingesta de líquidos e higiene antes y después de las relaciones sexuales. (AU)

Nasal colonization with Staphylococcus aureus in nursing students: ground for monitoring. / Colonização nasal por Staphylococcus aureus entre estudantes de Enfermagem: subsídios para monitorização.

OBJECTIVE:: to monitor bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus that are resistant or not to oxacillin in nursing undergraduate students, with an emphasis on the process of colonization. METHOD:: cross-sectional prevalence study carried out with 138 nursing students. The biological samples of the nasal cavity were collected in June 2015, by means of sterile swabs, which were subsequently submitted to confirmatory tests of catalase and coagulase. Isolated Staphylococcus aureus had their sensitivity profile determined by means of the Kirby Bauer method. Descriptive, univariate and bivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS:: the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus was 21.7. Regarding the resistance profile, 24.1% of strains were resistant to oxacillin, with ampicillin being the antimicrobial with the greatest resistance (82.8%). CONCLUSION:: the nasal cavity is an important bacterial flora of S. aureus in nursing students. The profile of isolated strains highlights the increase of Staphylococcus aureus resistance to antimicrobials such as oxacillin.

Colonization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among healthcare students: an integrative review

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is a worldwide concern given its presence even in non-hospitalized healthy individuals, such as university students. OBJECTIVE: To identify in the literature the prevalence of colonization by MRSA among healthcare students. DESIGN AND SETTING: Integrative review of the literature conducted in Universidade Federal do Piauí. METHOD: A search for primary studies was performed in the following databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System on-line; Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature; Web of Science; Scopus; and LILACS. RESULTS: This review included 27 studies that demonstrated MRSA infection prevalence ranging from 0.0 to 15.3% among students. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of colonization of MRSA among healthcare students is high, and the nasal cavity was cited as an important reservoir location for these microorganisms.

Análise de prescrições de antimicrobianos na Atenção Primária à Saúde / Análisis de prescripciones antimicrobianas en Atención Primaria de Salud / Analysis of antimicrobial prescriptions in Primary Healthcare

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar receitas com prescrição de antimicrobianos retidas nas unidades de saúde da Atenção Primária de uma capital da região Nordeste do Brasil. Método Estudo avaliativo, analítico. Foram utilizadas as informações da central de distribuição de medicamentos essenciais e as receitas com prescrição de antimicrobianos. Resultados Foram analisadas 2.232 receitas, nas quais o metronidazol (250 mg) foi prescrito em 28% das receitas avaliadas, a forma farmacêutica "comprimido" em 30,7% e a forma de administração "oral" em 78,2%. Nas receitas prescritas por enfermeiros, 80,7% destinavam-se para usuários com infecção sexualmente transmissível. Com exceção da forma farmacêutica, somente 34,7% das receitas estavam em concordância com as recomendações do protocolo de Enfermagem. Há, ainda, inexistência de informações sobre a concentração (43,7%), a posologia (39,9%) e o tempo de tratamento (36,8%). Conclusão As receitas com prescrição de antimicrobianos avaliadas não seguem com precisão as orientações da Resolução nº 20/2011, e nem do protocolo de Enfermagem instituído.

RESUMEN Objetivo Evaluar recetas con prescripción de antimicrobianas retenidas en las unidades de salud de la atención primaria de una capital de la región Nordeste de Brasil. Método Estudio evaluativo, analítico. Fueron utilizadas las informaciones de la central de distribución de los medicamentos esenciales y las recetas con prescripción de los antimicrobianos. Resultados Fueron analizadas 2.232 recetas, en las cuales lo metronidazol (250 mg) fue prescrito en 28% de las recetas evaluadas, la forma farmacéutica "comprimido" en 30,7% y la forma de administración por vía oral en 78,2%. En las recetas prescritas por los enfermeros, 80,7% eran para usuarios con infección sexualmente transmisibles. Con excepción de la forma farmacéutica, solo 34,7% de las recetas estaban en concordancia con las recomendaciones de lo protocolo de Enfermería. Todavía hay inexistencia de informaciones acerca de la concentración (43,7%), la posología (39,9%) y el tiempo del tratamiento (36,8%). Conclusión Las recetas con prescripción de antimicrobianos evaluadas no siguen con precisión ni las orientaciones de la resolución nº 20/2011, ni del protocolo de Enfermería instituido.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate prescription receipts for antimicrobial prescriptions prescribed in primary healthcare units in a capital city in the Northeast region of Brazil. Method An evaluative, analytical study. Information from the central distribution of essential medicines and the receipts of antimicrobial prescriptions were used. Results There were 2,232 prescription receipts analyzed, in which metronidazole (250 mg) was prescribed in 28% of the evaluated prescription receipts, the "pill" pharmaceutical form in 30.7%, and the "oral" administration form in 78.2%. In the prescriptions prescribed by nurses, 80.7% were intended for users with sexually transmitted infections. With the exception of the pharmaceutical form, only 34.7% of the prescriptions were in accordance with the Nursing protocol recommendations. There is still no information on the concentration (43.7%), the dosage (39.9%) and the treatment time (36.8%). Conclusion The evaluated receipts of antimicrobial prescriptions do not accurately follow the guidelines of Resolution No. 20/2011, nor of the instituted Nursing protocol.

Family Health Support Center in the perspective of physicians and nurses / Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família na perspectiva de médicos e enfermeiros

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the physician's and nurse's perceptions about the actions developed by the Family Health Support Center (FHSC). Method: A qualitative study, conducted with 16 physicians and 23 nurses. Data was collected through interviews and submitted to thematic analysis. Results: Three categories emerged: The actions developed by the Family Health Support Center were positively perceived by Family Health Strategy (FHS) professionals; Tools that favor the integrality of the actions of the FHSC with the FHS; Obstacles perceived by the professionals of the Family Health Strategy for the development of the actions of the Family Health Support Center. Conclusions and implications for practice: The participant's perceptions are positive. They perceive the strength of the FHSC in its multi-professional character effected by teamwork and effective communication. However, they also point out the restriction of time and transportation as obstacles for the viability of actions.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a percepção de médicos e enfermeiros sobre as ações desenvolvidas pelo Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família (NASF). Método: Estudo qualitativo, realizado com 16 médicos e 23 enfermeiros. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas e submetidos à análise temática. Resultados: Emergiram três categorias: Ações desenvolvidas pelo Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família são percebidas de forma positiva pelos profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF); Ferramentas que favorecem a integralidade das ações do NASF com a ESF; Entraves percebidos pelos profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família para o desenvolvimento das ações do Núcleo de Apoio a Saúde da Família. Conclusões e implicações para prática: A percepção dos participantes é positiva. Percebem a potência do NASF em seu caráter multiprofissional efetivado pelo trabalho em equipe e pela comunicação efetiva. No entanto, apontam também como entraves a restrição de tempo e transporte para viabilização das ações.

Social representations of HIV/AIDS by older people and the interface with prevention / Representaciones sociales del VIH/SIDA de ancianos y la interrelación con la prevención / Representações sociais do HIV/Aids por idosos e a interface com a prevenção

ABSTRACT Objective: To apprehend the social representations elaborated by older people about HIV/AIDS and to understand how they relate to the prevention of HIV infection. Method: Descriptive and qualitative research based on the Theory of Social Representations with 42 older people assisted at primary care. Data were produced through in-depth interviews with a semi-structured instrument, processed in the IRaMuTeQ software, and analyzed by means of the descending hierarchical classification. Results: Five classes emerged: "HIV/AIDS: a problem of young people"; "Quality of life improvement for people living with HIV/AIDS"; "Vulnerability to HIV/AIDS among heterosexual women in a stable union"; "HIV/AIDS Information Network: process of creation and transformation of social representations" and "Prevention versus stigma". Final considerations: The social representations that older people have about HIV/AIDS influence the adoption of preventive measures negatively because stigma is present and HIV/AIDS is attributed to young men, and to men who have sex with other men.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender las Representaciones Sociales elaboradas por ancianos sobre el VIH/SIDA y entender cómo se relacionan con la infección por VIH. Método: Investigación descriptiva, cualitativa, fundamentada en la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales, con 42 ancianos atendidos en atención primaria. Datos recolectados mediante entrevistas en profundidad aplicando instrumento semiestructurado, procesados en software IRaMuTeQ y analizados por Clasificación Jerárquica Descendente. Resultados: Surgieron cinco clases: "VIH/SIDA: un problema de jóvenes"; "Mejora de calidad de vida de personas que viven con VIH/SIDA"; "Vulnerabilidad al VIH/SIDA de mujeres heterosexuales en pareja estable"; "Red de informaciones sobre VIH/SIDA: Proceso de creación y transformación de las Representaciones Sociales"; y "Prevención versus Estigma". Consideraciones finales: Las representaciones sociales que los ancianos tienen respecto del VIH/SIDA influyeron negativamente a la adopción de medidas preventivas, pues el estigma está presente y el VIH/SIDA es atribuido a jóvenes y hombres que tienen sexo con otros hombres.

RESUMO Objetivo: Apreender as Representações Sociais elaboradas por idosos sobre o HIV/Aids e compreender como elas se relacionam com a prevenção da infecção pelo HIV. Método: Pesquisa descritiva e qualitativa fundamentada na Teoria das Representações Sociais, com 42 idosos atendidos na atenção primária. Os dados foram produzidos por meio de entrevistas, em profundidade, com um instrumento semiestruturado, processados no software IRaMuTeQ e analisados pela Classificação Hierárquica Descendente. Resultados: Emergiram cinco classes: "HIV/Aids: um problema de jovens"; "Melhoria da qualidade de vida de pessoas vivendo com HIV/Aids"; "Vulnerabilidade ao HIV/Aids de mulheres heterossexuais em união estável"; "Rede de informações sobre HIV/Aids: Processo de criação e transformação das Representações Sociais"; e "Prevenção versus Estigma". Considerações Finais: As representações sociais que os idosos têm sobre o HIV/Aids influenciam de forma negativa na adoção de medidas preventivas, pois o estigma está presente e o HIV/Aids é atribuído a jovens e homens que fazem sexo com homens.

Distribuição e custo de antimicrobianos na Atenção Primária / Distribución y costo de antimicrobianos en la Atención Primaria / Antimicrobial distribution and costs in primary care

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a distribuição e custos de antimicrobianos na Atenção Primária de uma capital da Região Nordeste do Brasil. Método: Estudo transversal, analítico, desenvolvido em Teresina, Piauí, Brasil. Os dados contemplam o período de junho de 2015 a julho de 2016. Calculou-se estatísticas descritivas e o Teste de Kruskal-Wallis para comparar as medianas das distribuições de dados independentes. Resultados: Foram distribuídos 1.651.516 antimicrobianos de 15 tipos diferentes dos quais a amoxicilina (500mg) foi o mais distribuído (75%) nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial e nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (47%). O custo total no período foi de 98.705,00 reais. Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significante entre as medianas dos custos em cada zona do município estudado. Conclusão: A distribuição desses medicamentos é realizada de forma irregular entre as unidades, de acordo com a demanda. O fornecimento não segue protocolo específico, e não se investiga um possível aumento na demanda ou redução.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la distribución y costos de antimicrobianos en Atención Primaria de una capital del Noreste de Brasil. Método: Estudio transversal, analítico, desarrollado en Teresina, Piauí, Brasil. Datos obtenidos entre junio de 2015 y julio de 2016. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva y el Test de Kruskal-Wallis para comparar las medianas de las distribuciones de datos independientes. Resultados: Fueron distribuidos 1.651.516 antimicrobianos de 15 tipos diferentes, de los cuales la amoxicilina (500mg) fue el más entregado (75%) en Centros de Atención Psicosocial y en Unidades Básicas de Salud (47%). El costo total durante el período fue de 98.705,00 Reales. No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las medianas de costos en cada zona del municipio estudiado. Conclusión: La distribución de estos medicamentos se realiza de manera irregular entre las unidades, de acuerdo a la demanda. La provisión no cumple protocolos específicos, y no se investiga un posible aumento o reducción de demanda.

Abstract Objective: To analyze antimicrobial distribution and costs in primary care of a capital city in the Northeast region of Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional, analytical study, developed in the city of Teresina, in the state of Piauí, Brazil. Data cover the period from June 2015 to July 2016. Descriptive statistics and the Kruskal-Wallis test were calculated to compare the medians of the independent data distributions. Results: A total of 1,651,516 antimicrobials were distributed in 15 different types, with amoxicillin (500mg) being the most distributed (75%) in psychosocial care centers, and in the basic health units (47%). The total cost for the period was 98,705.00 BRL. There were no statistically significant differences among the costs medians in each zone of the studied municipality. Conclusion: These drugs are irregularly distributed among the units, according to the demand. The supply does not follow a specific protocol, and a possible increase or reduction in demand is not investigated.

Nursing professionals' knowledge regarding the management of waste produced in primary health care / Conocimiento de profesionales de Enfermería sobre manejo de residuos producidos en atención primaria / Conhecimento de profissionais da Enfermagem sobre o gerenciamento de resíduos produzidos na atenção primária

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of Nursing professionals regarding waste management in primary healthcare services. Method: Descriptive study with a mixed approach, developed with 42 nursing professionals who worked in basic health units of a capital in the Brazilian Northeast Region. Quantitative variables were analyzed by the SPSS 20.0 program. Reports were processed by the IRaMuTeQ software, analyzed according to the descending hierarchical classification, and grounded on the Collective Subject Discourse. Results: Low knowledge scores were obtained, associated with specific socioeconomic and training variables. Analysis of collected reports allowed to identify three classes: "Inadequate waste disposal: first and main step"; "Correct disposal improves service quality and prevents diseases"; and "Consequences associated with incorrect disposal". Conclusion: The knowledge of professionals falls short of the expectations to adequately manage waste produced in primary health care and is concentrated on the initial steps, mainly the disposal process.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar el conocimiento de profesionales de Enfermería sobre manejo de residuos de servicios de salud producidos en Atención Primaria. Método: Estudio descriptivo de abordaje mixto, desarrollado con 42 profesionales de enfermería actuantes en Unidades Básicas de Salud de una capital del Noreste brasileño. Fueron analizadas las variables cuantitativas en software SPSS 20.0. Los testimonios fueron procesados utilizando IRaMuTeQ, analizados por Clasificación Jerárquica Descendente y fundamentados según Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo. Resultados: Se registraron bajos puntajes de conocimiento, asociados a determinadas variables socioeconómicas y de formación. A partir de los testimonios, fueron identificadas tres clases: "Disposición inadecuada de residuos: primer y principal paso"; "El descarte correcto mejora la calidad del servicio y previene enfermedades"; y "Consecuencias asociadas al descarte incorrecto". Conclusión: El conocimiento de los profesionales es inferior al necesario para manejar adecuadamente los recursos producidos en atención primaria, se concentra en las etapas iniciales, especialmente en el descarte.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o conhecimento de profissionais da Enfermagem sobre o gerenciamento de resíduos de serviços de saúde produzidos na Atenção Primária. Método: estudo descritivo, de abordagem mista, desenvolvido com 42 profissionais de enfermagem integrantes de Unidades Básicas de Saúde de uma capital do Nordeste brasileiro. Variáveis quantitativas foram analisadas no software SPSS 20.0, enquanto depoimentos foram processados no IRaMuTeQ, analisados pela Classificação Hierárquica Descendente e fundamentados no Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Resultados: registraram-se baixos scores de conhecimento, associados a determinadas variáveis socioeconômicas e de formação. A partir dos depoimentos, foram identificadas três classes: "A disposição inadequada dos resíduos: primeiro e principal passo"; "O descarte correto melhora a qualidade do serviço e previne doenças" e "Consequências associadas ao descarte incorreto". Conclusão: O conhecimento dos profissionais mostrou-se aquém do necessário para um gerenciamento adequado dos resíduos produzidos na atenção primária e encontrou-se concentrado nas etapas iniciais, sobretudo o descarte.

Cateter urinário: o tempo de exposição e calibre podem influenciar na formação de biofilme? / Catéter urinario: ¿el tiempo de exposición y calibre puede influir en la formación de biofilm? / Urinary catheter: can exposure time and gauge affect biofilm formation?

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a influência do tempo de exposição e calibre na formação de biofilme em cateteres urinários de Foley (CUFs). Método: Pesquisa in vitro com amostras de fragmentos de CUFs em látex siliconizado de diferentes calibres (n° 14 e n° 16 Frenchs). A urina artificial foi confeccionada, inoculada com bactérias-padrão Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) e Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) e incubada a 37 °C por 24 horas e 72 horas. As análises foram realizadas por meio de cultura (carga bacteriana) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Resultados: Não houve diferença na carga bacteriana dos biofilmes formados nas superfícies dos CUFs com relação aos diferentes calibres (p > 0,05). Por outro lado, o tempo de exposição (24 horas e 72 horas) foi o fator determinante para formação do biofilme de P. aeruginosa nos CUFs (p < 0,05). Conclusão: O tempo de exposição influenciou a formação do biofilme de P. aeruginosa nos CUFs, independentemente dos calibres.

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia del tiempo de exposición y calibre en la formación de biofilm en catéteres urinarios de Foley (CUFs). Método: Investigación in vitro con muestras de fragmentos de CUFs en látex siliconizado de diferentes calibres (n ° 14 y n° 16 Frenchs). La orina artificial fue confeccionada, inoculada con bacterias estándar Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) y Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) e incubada a 37 °C durante 24 horas y 72 horas. Los análisis se realizaron por medio de cultivo (carga bacteriana) y microscopía electrónica de exploración. Resultados: No hubo diferencia en la carga bacteriana de los biofilmes formados en las superficies de los CUFs en relación con los diferentes calibres (p> 0,05). Por otro lado, el tiempo de exposición (24 horas y 72 horas) fue el factor determinante para la formación del biofilm de P. aeruginosa en los CUFs (p <0,05). Conclusión: El tiempo de exposición influenció la formación del biofilm de P. aeruginosa en los CUFs, independientemente de los calibres.

Abstract Objective: To assess the effects of exposure time and gauge of Foley catheters in biofilm formation. Method: In vitro study with samples of Foley catheter fragments made of siliconized latex of different gauges (#14 and #16 French gauge). Artificial urine was produced, which was inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) standard bacteria, incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours and 72 hours. The material was analyzed by means of culture (bacterial load) and scanning electron microscopy. Results: There was no difference in bacterial load of biofilms formed in Foley catheter surfaces with regard to different gauges (p > 0.05). On the other hand, exposure time (24 hours and 72 hours) was a determining factor for P. aeruginosa biofilm formation in Foley catheters (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Exposure time had an effect on P. aeruginosa biofilm formation in Foley catheters, regardless of gauges.

Capacitação de Enfermeiros na Estratégia Saúde da Família: análise do processo de educação permanente para o Sistema Único de Saúde / Training of Nurses in Strategy Family Health: analysis of the process of permanent education for the Single System of health

O objetivo foi analisar a formação permanente de enfermeiros que atuam na Estratégia Saúde da Família. Realizou-se um estudo observacional descritivo, transversal com 19 enfermeiros. As variáveis foram coletadas mediante um formulário estruturado. Os dados foram analisados pelo programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for Windows (versão 18.0). Existe um percentual alto de realização de capacitação pelos enfermeiros do município avaliado, em áreas vitais da saúde pública, pois 100% dos enfermeiros possuem capacitação em Saúde da Criança/Imunização, Eliminação da Hanseníase e Controle da Tuberculose. Conclui-se que os enfermeiros buscam, por meio das capacitações oferecidas pelos órgãos competentes, a aprendizagem para transformar as práticas profissionais mediante uma contínua interação com a comunidade, no sentido de mobilizá-la e estimular sua participação.

The aim was to analyze the qualification and qualification of nurses working in the Family Health Strategy. A descriptive, cross-sectional observational study was carried out with 19 nurses. The variables were collected using a structured form. The data were analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for Windows (version 18.0). There is a high percentage of training carried out by nurses in the municipality evaluated in vital public health areas, since 100% of nurses have training in Child Health/Immunization, Leprosy Elimination and Tuberculosis Control. It is concluded that the nurses seek, through the capacities offered by the competent bodies, the learning to transform professional practices through a continuous interaction with the community, in order to mobilize and stimulate their participation

El objetivo fue analizar la calificación y capacitación de los enfermeros que trabajan en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, transversal con 19 enfermeros. Las variables fueron recolectadas mediante un formulario estructurado. Los datos fueron analizados por el programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for Windows (versión 18.0). En el caso de los enfermeros del municipio evaluado, en áreas vitales de la salud pública, existe un porcentaje alto de realización de capacitación por los enfermeros del municipio evaluado, pues el 100% de los enfermeros poseen capacitación en Salud del niño/Inmunización, Eliminación de la Hanseniasis y Control de la Tuberculosis. Se concluye que los enfermeros buscan, a través de las capacitaciones ofrecidas por los órganos competentes, el aprendizaje para transformar las prácticas profesionales mediante una continua interacción con la comunidad, en el sentido de movilizarla y estimular su participación

Ações de profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família na detecção da doença renal crônica / The actions of the professionals of the Family Health Strategy in the detection of chronic renal disease / Las acciones de los profesionales de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia en la detección de enfermedad renal crónica

Objetivo: investigar as ações de médicos e enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família na detecção da Doença Renal Crônica em hipertensos. Método: estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. Foi aplicado formulário a 156 profissionais médicos e enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família em Teresina-Piauí. Para análise estatística dos dados utilizou-se o software SPSS versão 19.0. Resultados: dos profissionais, 78% são do sexo feminino e 54,5% da Enfermagem; o tempo de formação profissional foi de nove anos para 46% dos médicos e 41% dos enfermeiros; cerca de 80% dos profissionais possuem especialização. Dos enfermeiros, 53% encaminharam o hipertenso de risco ao especialista. Foram identificadas dificuldades, sendo a referência e contrarreferência uma delas. Conclusão: a detecção e o diagnóstico da doença renal crônica no paciente hipertenso ainda representam um entrave para o enfrentamento da doença fazendo-se necessário o aprimoramento das ações da atenção básica através de cursos de capacitação.(AU)

Objective: to investigate the actions of physicians and nurses of the Family Health Strategy in the detection of Chronic Kidney Disease in hypertensives. Method: descriptive study of a quantitative approach. There was applied a form to 156 medical professionals and nurses of the Family Health Strategy in Teresina, Piauí. For statistical analysis of the data, we used the SPSS software version 19.0. Results: of all professionals 78% are female and 54,5% of Nursing; the training time was from nine years to 46% of physicians and 41% of nurses; about 80% of those professionals have expertise. From all nurses, 53% referred to the hypertensive at risk to the specialist. Difficulties have been identified with reference and counter-reference being one of them. Conclusion: the detection and diagnosis of chronic kidney disease in hypertensive patients still represent an obstacle to fighting the disease, making necessary the improvement of primary care shares through training courses.(AU)

Objetivo: investigar las acciones de los médicos y enfermeras de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia en la detección de la Enfermedad Renal Crónica en pacientes hipertensos. Método: estudio descriptivo con un enfoque cuantitativo. Se aplicó una forma a 156 profesionales médicos y enfermeras de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia en Teresina, Piauí. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el programa SPSS versión 19.0. Resultados: el 78% de los profesionales son mujeres y el 54,5% de Enfermería; el tiempo de entrenamiento fue de nueve años a 46% de los médicos y el 41% de las enfermeras; aproximadamente el 80% de los profesionales tienen especialización. De los enfermeros, 53% de ellos encaminaran el hipertenso de riesgo a un especialista. Dificultades se han identificado, siendo la referencia y la contra-referencia una de ellas. Conclusión: la detección y el diagnóstico de la enfermedad renal crónica en pacientes hipertensos siguen representando un obstáculo para la lucha contra la enfermedad por lo que es necesaria la mejora de las acciones de atención primaria a través de cursos de formación.(AU)