Osteonecrosis of the jaws produced by sunitinib: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Tyrosine kinase receptor family is involved in tumor growth, pathological angiogenesis and the progression (metastasis) of cancer. Sunitinib (Sutent®) inhibits members of the tyrosine kinase receptor family affecting the induction of angiogenesis and tumor progression. It is not clear if sunitinib increases the risk of osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ). The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review about ONJ related to sunitinib, describing existing cases and possible associated risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases were searched without date restriction up to September 2018. We included prospective and retrospective observational studies, cross-sectional studies, clinical cases and series of cases, involving only human subjects. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and Newcastle-Ottawa tools. RESULTS: A total of 13 studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria of which 7 were clinical cases, 5 case series and a retrospective study. All the articles were published between 2009 and 2018. Of the 102 patients treated with sunitinib analyzed in this study, 58 developed ONJ, being or having been treated with sunitinib and bisphosphonates or exclusively with sunitinib. CONCLUSIONS: In this systematic review, we found an increase of ONJ in patients who are medicated with other drugs different than bisphosphonates and denosumab. It is necessary that dentists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons as well as oncologists know the risk of ONJ that these antiresorptive drugs could have. There is a need to continue researching in this field with the aim of an increasing knowledge in this area and creating an adequate protocol of action for this population.

Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO VA) as part of a multimodal approach for the protection of spinal cord ischemia in surgical repair of a thoracoabdominal aneurysm.

Spinal cord ischaemia leading to paraplegia or paraparesis is one of the most devastating complications of aortic surgery. The risk of ischaemia is particularly high in repairs involving both the thoracic and abdominal segments, because in these cases blood flow to the spinal arteries can be interrupted. Multimodal protocols have now been developed to reduce the incidence of this complication, and include measures such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage, avoidance of hypotension and anaemia, systemic hypothermia, neuromonitoring, maintaining distal perfusion during proximal clamping of the aorta, and reimplantation of intercostal or lumbar arteries, whenever feasible. We describe a case in which, due to the special characteristics of the surgery, veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) was used to maintain distal blood flow in the lumbar, inferior mesenteric, and hypogastric arteries during aortic clamping. This approach reduced the risk of spinal cord and visceral ischaemia, and also eliminated the need for thoracotomy because partial left bypass was not required.

[Ganglioneuroma of the duodenum]. / Ganglioneuroma del duodeno.

Ganglioneuroma is an exceptional benign tumour of the duodenum and only three cases have been described previously. We report the case of a 71-year-old male in whom this pathology was incidentally discovered, as it usually happens with this type of tumour. Within rare duodenal nonepithelial tumours, gangliocytic paraganglioma is a fairly well defined entity characterized by a proliferation of neurons, Schwann cells, and endocrine-like epithelial cells. Ganglioneuroma lacks this last type of cells and represents and even rarer finding within tumoral pathology of the duodenum. The histopathogenesis of this tumor is discussed and there are theories that defend an hamartomatous origin against a neoplastic nature.

[Use of different patient safety reporting systems: much ado about nothing?]. / Uso de diferentes sistemas de notificación de eventos adversos: ¿mucho ruido y pocas nueces?

OBJECTIVE: Voluntary reporting of patient safety incidents may under-report incidents as well as the scale and severity of them. The aim of this report was to analyse of the adverse events in our hospital by means of different reporting systems. SETTING: Monte Naranco Hospital (Oviedo, Spain) is an associated University Hospital with 200-beds (mainly geriatric patients, mean age: over 80 years, lengths of stay rate: 8.6 days in these geriatric patients). DESIGN: Prospective and retrospective study of adverse events recorded by: a) A voluntary and confidential notification (IR2 report form, National Health Service), b) Compulsory internal notification (patient falls and injuries in health care workers), c) Internal notification and observational studies (nursery care), d) Hospital-acquired infections (Spanish study of nosocomial infection--EPINE) and Microbiology Laboratory records, e) The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality indicators through ICD-9-CM diagnoses codes, f) Walk Rounds and Briefings, g) Spanish study of AE prevalence (ENEAS), h) Complaint Patient Unit, i) Spanish observational study of medication errors, j) Study of deaths by Commission of clinical records and k) Global Trigger Tool of the International for Healthcare Improvement. INTERVENTIONS: Leadership, training in patient safety, incident report and analysis, spread of the patient safety culture, introduction and analysis of the different reporting systems with a clinical risk manager working a full time and ISO certification. We used a theoretical model to know the real scenario of our hospital and the number of adverse events. RESULTS: The total prevalence of adverse events was 7% (ENEAS--in the year 2005). There was a mean of 43.7 adverse events/1,000 patient days, 50 adverse events/100 admissions, and 43.3 percent of admissions with an adverse events (Global Trigger Tool--in 2007), the prevalence of nosocomial infection was 4.2% (EPINE--2007) and the prevalence of medication errors of 19.2% (Spanish observational study of medication errors--in the year 2007). We increased the notification and record of adverse events from around 300 in 2004 to 2269 in 2006 (an increase of 756.3%) and the reporting systems from 4 to 10. The theoretical model with the data of voluntary notification (n=300) in 2006 was as follow: No. of adverse events and near misses per patient/day recorded--theoretical number (0.1-67), No. of adverse events and near misses per 1000 patients/day (0.2-188.3), No. of adverse events (290-2900), No. of near misses (10-290,000), medication errors (150-2500). CONCLUSIONS: We have increased the adverse events reporting due the inclusion of the reporting systems and a clinical risk manager working a full time, with a clearer picture of the types of adverse events with an integration of different data and reporting systems, and a better approach to improvement, monitoring and review of the processes. The nature of the sources in the reporting systems does not permit to know the ranking and real figures of the adverse events, and it is necessary to established priorities and to stagger the different reporting systems in the time and in function of the cost effectiveness measures. The reporting systems are the first step to analysis and is necessary to improve and mitigate the adverse events.

[A chronic intrascrotal inflammation secondary to free foreign bodies in the tunica vaginalis]. / Inflamación crónica intraescrotal secundaria a cuerpos extraños libres en túnica vaginal.

We report a case of granulomatous reaction to intrascrotal foreign body (vegetable fibers) that presented as an inguinal mass in a patient who had been treated for perforation of the jejunum loop incarcerated in inguinal hernia. To our knowledge a similar case has not been reported in the literature.

Uso de diferentes sistemas de notificación de eventos adversos: ¿mucho ruido y pocas nueces? / Use of different patient safety reporting systems: much ado about nothing?

Objetivo. Debido a la infranotificación de los eventos adversos es necesario usar e incrementar diferentes sistemas de notificación. El objetivo fue analizar los eventos adversos ocurridos en el hospital a través de diferentes sistemas de notificación. Material y métodos. Hospital Monte Naranco, hospital con 200 camas (principalmente pacientes geriátricos, edad media: más de 80 años, estancia media: 8,6 días en los pacientes geriátricos). Diseño: estudio retrospectivo y prospectivo de eventos adversos registrados por: a) sistema de notificación voluntaria y confidencial del servicio inglés de salud (formulario IR2); b) notificación interna obligatoria (caídas de pacientes y accidentes laborales); c) notificación interna y estudios observacionales (cuidados de enfermería); d) estudio EPINE de prevalencia y registros del laboratorio de microbiología para el control de la infección nosocomial; e) indicadores del Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality mediante los códigos diagnósticos ICD-9-CM; f) WalkRounds y Briefings; g) estudio nacional sobre los eventos adversos ligados a la hospitalización (ENEAS); h) servicio de atención al usuario; i) estudio multicéntrico por observación de prevención de errores de medicación; j) estudio de exitus por el S. de documentación y comisión de historias clínicas; k) la herramienta Global Trigger Tool del Institute for Healthcare Improvement. Sistemática: liderazgo, entrenamiento en seguridad de pacientes, notificación y análisis de eventos adversos, diseminación de la cultura de seguridad de pacientes, gestor de riesgos clínicos trabajando a tiempo completo. Marco de la certificación ISO. Estudio prospectivo y retrospectivo de eventos adversos registrados...(AU)

Objective. Voluntary reporting of patient safety incidents may under-report incidents as well as the scale and severity of them. The aim of this report was to analyse of the adverse events in our hospital by means of different reporting systems. Material and Methods. Setting: Monte Naranco Hospital (Oviedo, Spain) is an associated University Hospital with 200- beds (mainly geriatric patients, mean age: over 80 years, lengths of stay rate: 8.6 days in these geriatric patients). Design: Prospective and retrospective study of adverse events recorded by: a) A voluntary and confidential notification (IR2 report form, National Health Service), b) Compulsory internal notification (patient falls and injuries in health care workers), c) Internal notification and observational studies (nursery care), d) Hospital- acquired infections (Spanish study of nosocomial infection–EPINE) and Microbiology Laboratory records, e) The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality indicators through ICD-9-CM diagnoses codes, f) Walk Rounds and Briefings, g) Spanish study of AE prevalence (ENEAS), h) Complaint Patient Unit, i) Spanish observational study of medication errors, j) Study of deaths by Commission of clinical records and k) Global Trigger Tool of the International for Healthcare Improvement. Interventions: Leadership, training in patient safety, incident report and analysis, spread of the patient safety culture, introduction and analysis of the different reporting systems with a clinical risk manager working a full time and ISO certification. We used a theoretical model to know the real scenario of our hospital and the number of adverse events...(AU)