Agonist-dependent modulation of cell surface expression of the cold receptor TRPM8.

The spatial and temporal distribution of receptors constitutes an important mechanism for controlling the magnitude of cellular responses. Several members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel family can regulate their function by modulating their expression at the plasma membrane (PM) through rapid vesicular translocation and fusion. The mechanisms underlying this regulation are not completely understood, and the contribution of vesicular trafficking to physiological function is unknown. TRPM8 receptors are expressed in mammalian peripheral sensory neurons and are essential for the detection of cold temperatures. Previously, we showed that TRPM8-containing vesicles are segregated into three main pools, immobile at the PM, simple diffusive and corralled-hopping. Here, we show that channel expression at the PM is modulated by TRPM8 agonists in F11 and HEK293T cells. Our results support a model in which the activation of TRPM8 channels, located at the PM, induces a short-lived recruitment of a TRPM8-containing vesicular pool to the cell surface causing a transitory increase in the number of functional channels, affecting intrinsic properties of cold receptor responses. We further demonstrate the requirement of intact vesicular trafficking to support sustained cold responses in the skin of mice.

Antioxidant and Cytoprotective Effect of Piper aduncum L. against Sodium Fluoride (NaF)-Induced Toxicity in Albino Mice.

Piper aduncum, commonly known as matico, is a plant that grows in the mountainous and coastal regions of Peru, and is studied for its antimicrobial properties and various ethnopharmacological uses. The main objective of this study was to determine the cytoprotective and antioxidant effects of the methanolic extract of Piper aduncum leaves in Mus musculus previously administered with sodium fluoride (NaF) using the Micronucleus test and the Comet assay. The extract was administrated orally in four different concentrations: 150, 300, 600, and 1200 mg/Kg for ten days. At the 11th day, a single dose of NaF was administrated via intraperitoneal at 20 mg/Kg. The genotoxicity study was performed with mice from the strain BALB/c, using the Micronucleus test on bone marrow and the Comet assay on peripheral blood according to OECD guidelines 474 and 489, respectively. The statistical analysis was performed by median analysis with ANOVA. Significant differences were found in Micronucleus frequency between the highest concentrations of Piper aduncum and NaF. The Comet assay showed significant reduction of NaF-induced damage on erythrocytes depending on the different concentrations of the extract which were evaluated in this study. It is concluded that the methanolic extract of P. aduncum leaves has cytoprotective and antioxidant activity against sodium fluoride.

Factors related to the presence of dental erosion and abrasion in peruvian adults / Factores relacionados con la presencia de erosión y abrasión dental en adultos peruanos

Introduction: Non-carious lesions are an oral health problem in adults, consequently it is necessary to create mechanisms for their diagnosis and prevention. Objective: To determine the frequency of erosion, abrasion and related factors in patients treated at a university dental clinic. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 153 adults treated at a university clinic in Lima, Peru, in 2018. Personal aspects (age, sex, characteristics of saliva), dietary factors, health condition, oral habits, and tooth brushing were identified. The presence of abrasion was determined according to clinical criteria through direct observation. Erosion was identified using the Basic Erosive Wear index. Generalized linear models with Poisson distribution with robust variances were used. Results: The frequency of dental abrasion (70.6%) is higher than erosion (26.1%). The presence of erosion is associated with asthma (PR= 2.11), abrasion is related to age and poor dental hygiene habits (PR= 1.67 and 1.30, respectively). Conclusion: The presence of dental abrasion is greater than dental erosion. Age and poor dental habits are factors associated with tooth abrasion. The characteristics of saliva regarding pH and salivary flow were within normal p-values.

Introducción: Las lesiones no cariosas son un problema de salud bucal en adultos siendo necesario establecer mecanismos para su diagnóstico y prevención. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de erosión, abrasión y factores relacionados, en pacientes que acudieron a una clínica odontológica docente universitaria. Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal en una muestra de 153 adultos asistentes a una clínica docente asistencial de Lima en el 2018. Se identificaron factores personales (edad, sexo, características de la saliva), factores dietéticos, condición de salud, hábitos orales y cepillado dental. A través de la observación directa se identificó la presencia de abrasión de acuerdo a criterios clínicos, y de erosión utilizando el índice Basic Erosive Wear. Se utilizaron modelos lineales generalizados con distribución de Poisson con varianzas robustas. Resultados: La frecuencia de abrasión dentaria (70,6%) es mayor que la erosión (26,1%). La presencia de erosión está asociada al asma (RP= 2,11), la abrasión está relacionada con la edad y los malos hábitos de la higiene dental (RP= 1,67 y 1,30 respectivamente). Conclusion: La presencia de la abrasión dental es mayor que la erosión dental. La edad y los hábitos dentales inadecuados son factores asociados con la abrasión dentaria. Las características de la saliva en pH y flujo salival estuvieron dentro de los valores normales.

A TRP conductance modulates repolarization after sensory-dependent depolarization in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Sensory integration is vital for motile organisms constantly exposed to changing surroundings. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a single-celled green alga found swimming in freshwater. In this type of alga, sensory input is first detected by membrane receptors located in the cell body, and then transduced to the beating cilia by membrane depolarization. Many components of the machinery associated with sensory integration in C. reinhardtii, such as chemoreceptors and repolarization-associated channels, are yet uncharacterized. TRP channels are known mediators for cellular sensing in animal cells and it has been suggested that the C. reinhardtii genome encodes for a set of TRP proteins. Here, by combining behavioral studies with electrophysiological experiments conducted on both population and single alga, we test whether TRP channel blockers affect algal swimming behavior. Our results suggest that a TRP conductance is associated to the repolarization that follows a depolarizing receptor potential, highlighting a primitive function of TRP proteins.

Near-membrane dynamics and capture of TRPM8 channels within transient confinement domains.

BACKGROUND: The cold and menthol receptor, TRPM8, is a non-selective cation channel expressed in a subset of peripheral neurons that is responsible for neuronal detection of environmental cold stimuli. It was previously shown that members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of ion channels are translocated toward the plasma membrane (PM) in response to agonist stimulation. Because the spatial and temporal dynamics of cold receptor cell-surface residence may determine neuronal activity, we hypothesized that the movement of TRPM8 to and from the PM might be a regulated process. Single particle tracking (SPT) is a useful tool for probing the organization and dynamics of protein constituents in the plasma membrane. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We used SPT to study the receptor dynamics and describe membrane/near-membrane behavior of particles containing TRPM8-EGFP in transfected HEK-293T and F-11 cells. Cells were imaged using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy and the 2D and 3D trajectories of TRPM8 molecules were calculated by analyzing mean-square particle displacement against time. Four characteristic types of motion were observed: stationary mode, simple Brownian diffusion, directed motion, and confined diffusion. In the absence of cold or menthol to activate the channel, most TRPM8 particles move in network covering the PM, periodically lingering for 2-8 s in confined microdomains of about 800 nm radius. Removing cholesterol with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MßCD) stabilizes TRPM8 motion in the PM and is correlated with larger TRPM8 current amplitude that results from an increase in the number of available channels without a change in open probability. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These results reveal a novel mechanism for regulating TRPM8 channel activity, and suggest that PM dynamics may play an important role in controlling electrical activity in cold-sensitive neurons.

Análisis comparado de los procesos de calidad en fisioterapia / kinesiología de Colombia y Chile / Comparative Analysis of the Quality Processes in Physiotherapy/Kinesiology of Colombia and Chile / Análise comparativa dos procesos de qualidade na fisioterapia / cinesiologia Colombia e Chile

Introducción: Las iniciativas de las reformas en América Latina enmarcan una preocupación por asegurar la cobertura universal y prestar servicios con eficiencia, por ende, la gestión de la calidad se convierte en uno de los temas más importantes en el siglo XXI, en especial con temas relacionados con la salud. Objetivos: Caracterizar los procesos de habilitación / autorización sanitaria y acreditación de los servicios kinesiológicos de Colombia y Chile desde la perspectiva de la calidad en salud. Materiales y métodos: Para esto se realizó un análisis comparativo descriptivo entre países (Colombia y Chile) de los procesos de calidad en Kinesiología, lo que evidenció similitudes y diferencias relacionadas con el aseguramiento de la calidad. Discusión: Ambos países cuentan con estándares similares en cuanto Habilitación /Autorización sanitaria y Acreditación. Actualmente, en dichos países se discuten temas como seguridad del paciente, derechos y deberes de los pacientes, infraestructura, acceso, evaluación de la atención, talento humano, entre otros, todo en pro de garantizar la calidad del servicio que está en desarrollo actualmente y se ha venido incorporando a la cultura organizacional de los servicios. Conclusiones: En las revisiones de la literatura se evidencia poca documentación frente a los procesos de calidad, específicamente para kinesiología. Por ende, es importante proporcionar a la comunidad académica el análisis de los estándares requeridos para la Habilitación y Acreditación que contribuya al enriquecimiento del área de administración y gestión en la profesión.

Introduction: The initiatives in Latin American reforms frame a concern to ensure universal coverage and provide quality services, thus the quality management has become one of the most important issues in the 21st century, especially in health issues. Objectives: To characterize the health habilitation/authorization and accreditation processes of kinesiological services in Colombia and Chile, from the perspective of health quality. Methodology: A descriptive comparative analysis between countries (Colombia and Chile) in terms of quality processes in Kinesiology was conducted, showing similarities and differences related to quality assurance. Discussion: Both countries have similar standards in terms of health habilitation/authorization and accreditation. Currently, in both countries issues are discussed such as patient safety, patient's rights and duties, infrastructure, access, care assessment, human talent, and others; all for the sake of ensuring service quality, that is currently developing and is been incorporated into the services organizational culture. Conclusions: Reviewing literature, poor documentation towards quality processes, specifically for kinesiology is evidenced. It is therefore important to provide to the academic community analysis of standards required for health habilitation and accreditation, thus contributing to enriching the administration and management area of our profession.

Introdução: As iniciativas das reformas na América Latina emolduram um a preocupação por assegurar a cobertura universal e emprestar serviços com eficiência, portanto a gestão da qualidade se converte em um dos temas mais importantes no século XXI, em especial com temas relacionados com a saúde. Obketivos: caracterizar os processos de habilitação/autorização sanitária e acreditação dos serviços Kinesiológicos da Colômbia e do Chile desde a perspectiva da qualidade em saúde. Materiais e métodos: Para isto se realizou uma análise comparativa descritiva entre países (Colômbia-Chile) respeito a processos de qualidade em Kinesiologia evidenciando similitudes e diferenças relacionadas com a garantia da qualidade. Discussão: Ambos os países contam com standards similares respeito a Habilitação/Autorização sanitária e Acreditação. Atualmente em ditos países discutem-se temas como segurança do paciente, direitos e deveres dos pacientes, infraestrutura, acesso, avaliação da atenção, talento humano, entre outros, todo em pro de garantir a qualidade do serviço que estão em desenvolvimento atualmente e se tem vindo incorporando à cultura organizacional dos serviços. Conclusões: Nas revisões da literatura se evidencia pouca documentação frente aos processos de qualidade especificamente para Kinesiologia. Portanto, é importante proporcionar à comunidade académica a análise dos standards requeridos para a Habilitação e Acreditação que contribua ao enriquecimento da área de administração e gestão em nossa profissão.

Odontología integrada: tratamiento periodontal, ortodontico y protésico / Integrated dentistry: Periodontal treatment, orthodontic and prosthetic

Las necesidades de tratamiento odontológico en los pacientes plantea un trabajo multidisciplinario. Se reporta un caso clínico de una persona que presenta enfermedad periodontal avanzada, con secuelas de migración de piezas dentarias en el sector antero superior. Después del tratamiento periodontal (Motivación, raspaje, alisado radicular, cirugía periodontal, injerto óseo autólogo) se realizó el tratamiento ortodóntico en el sector antero superior. Finalmente se realizó el cambio de las coronas del segmento antero superior por unas coronas ferulizadas.

corThe needs of the dental treatment in the patients foroud a mutidiscipling work. It report a clinical case of one patient who exhibilidad a advanced periodontal disease, whith migration of the anterior upper teeth after the periodontal treatment (Motivation oral periodontal hygienic, root planning, periodontal autologos bore injerto it mode the orthodontic in the anterior upper tooth. Finally the patient recivea a bridge in the upper segment.

Promoción de salud bucal en alumnos y trabajadores administrativos y de servicio de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos / Buccal health promotion in students and workers administrative service of the medicine faculty of the San Marcos university

La promoción de la salud es el proceso que proporciona la proporción, los elementos para ejercer un mayor control sobre su propia salud y mejorarla. En este proceso intervienen los individuos, familias, comunidades, servicio de salud y autoridades sanitarias. Existe escasa información sobre la promoción de la salud bucal en la U.N.M.S.M. Los resultados señalan la falta de cultura sobre la salud bucal y sus medios de prevención en los estudiantes y trabajadores no docentes de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Macos.

The promotion of the health is a process that give to the people the instruments to lead a better control for the health care. In this process participing the patients, the family, the community, the heath services and the autority`s health. There is a little information about the promotion of the dental health at the San Marcos University. The results show that thre is not an effective program of dental diseases prevention whitin the students and workers of the Faculty of Medicine at San Marcos University

Enfermedad periodontal, su terapia: un reto / Periodontal disease, its therapy: a challengue

El diagosnótico y tratamiento periodontal debe ser un objetivo en el ejercicio de la Odontología. Para lograr este propósito el paciente debe estar altamente motivado y el odontólogo realiza la etapa más importante: la terapia de mantenimiento, la cual pemitirá conserva sanos los tejidos periodontales-especialmente el hueso toda la vida, además de sus piezas dentarias.

The diagnosis and treatment of the periodontal disease must be an objctive in the dental practice. To reach this purpose, the patient ust have high motivationand the dentis must work in the maintenance periodontal therapy, this leads to have healthy periodontal tissue- specially the bone- for ever and the teeth also.

Parasitemia de trypanosoma cruzi in vitro en mus musculus y estudio preliminar in vitro de la acción tripanocida de dos especies calceolaria del Perú, año 2009 / Parasitemia of Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro and in mus musculus in vitro preliminary study of the trypanocidal action of two species calceolaria of Peru, in 2009

La presente investigación se realizó con el fin de evaluar la acción tripanocida de los extractos de dos especies de Calceolaria (códigos 17664 y 17665). En ratones de laboratorio, el pico máximo de parasitemia por inoculación intraperitoneal, se consiguió a los 19 y 26 días luego, se procedió al análisis in vitro; se utilizó para ello una lámina excavada y el extracto de cada una de las especies de Calceolaria, a concentraciones de 0.05 y 0.01 mg, y gotas de sangre. Se registró que la segunda concentración producía una lisis total de los Trypasonoma cruzi (T. cruzi) con la Calceolaria 17665, no así con la Calceolaria 17664, que los destruía en un 50%.

The following research was aimed at evaluating the action of tripanocidal of the extracts of two species of Calceolaria (codes 17664 and 17665). In experiments performed in laboratory mice, the maximum peak of intraperitoneal inoculation was achieved during the 19th and 26 th day. Later, we proceeded to in vitro analysis, for which we used an excavated lamina and the extract of each and every single of the species of Calceolaria, at concentrations of 0.05 and 0.01 mg, and blood drops. It was recorded that the second concentration produced a total lysis of the Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) with Calceolaria 17665, now with Calceolaria 17664, which destroyed them by 50%.

Estudio comparativo de la glibenclamida, clorpropamida y metfomina como hipogliomiantes orales y el extacto acuoso de las hojas de Smallanthus sunchiolius / Comparative study of glibenclamide, chlorpropamide and metfomina as oral and extact hipogliomiantes aqueous Smallanthus the hoas of sunchiolius

Se realizó la evaluación comparativa de tres fármacos de síntesis utilizados como hipoglicemiantes orales con el extracto acuoso obtenido por infusión de las hojas de Smallanthus sochifolius (Poepp) Rob. "yacón", utilizando un biomodelo experimental por hiperglicemia en ratas nomoglucémicas de la especie Rattus norvegicus var. Albina. El objetivo de la investigación fue observa el efecto de extracto acuoso al 10 por ciento de las hojas de "yacon" en el descenso de la glicemia frente a la glibenclamida, clorpropamida y metformina, que tienen amplio uso en el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). El material vegetal fue colectado en el disco se realizó con 36 ratas albinas hembras, cepa Holtzman con un peso promedio de 240 g, que estuvieron sometidas a una alimentación controlada y agua ad libitum, hasta el momento de experimento. Se determinó la curva de tolerancia a la glucosa y la administración de las drogas se hizo por vía intragástrica. Los resultados obtenidos muestran un descenso significativo de glicemia con el extracto acuoso utilizado. Con la aplicación del extracto y los fármacos en e biomodelo experimenta, se concluye que las hojas de yacón producen en efecto de disminución significa de glicemia.

It was carried out the comparative evaluation of three synthetic drugs used as oral hypoglycemiants, against the aqueous obtained by infusion of leaves from Smallathus sonchifolius (Popp) Rob. Yacon, using a experimental biomodel by hypoglycemia in normogycemic rats of species Rattus norvegicus var. Albine. The object of the research was to observe the 10 per cent aqueous extract effect of Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp) Rob. Yacon in the decay of glycemia against glibenclamide, clorprofamide and metformine drugs that have great usage in the treatment of type 2 diabets mellitus (DM2). The vegetal material vas collected in the Huancbamba district, province of Oxapampa in Cerro de Pasco department. The pharmacological assay was taken with 36 female albine rats of Holtzman strain, with a average weight of 240 g that were fed by a controlled food and water ad libitum until the moment od experiment. Is was determined the glucose tolerance curve and the administration of drugs was made by intragastric via. The obtained results show a significant decay of glycemia with the used aqueous extact and the drugs used in the experimental biomodel, it was concluded that the Yacon leaves Produce an affect of signifcant decay of glycemia.