[Seroepidemiological analysis of hepatitis B virus infection among adolescents aged 0-14 years in Henan Province and preliminary evaluation of the effectiveness of childhood hepatitis B vaccine immunization program].

Objective: To analyze the seroepidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among adolescents aged 0-14 years in Henan Province and to evaluate the effectiveness of the childhood hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) immunization program. Methods: From September 2021 to March 2022, a total of 4 883 adolescents aged 0-14 years were selected from 25 villages or communities of 18 provincial-level cities in Henan Province by using the multi-stage random cluster sampling method. Demographic data were collected through questionnaires. The 3 ml of blood samples were collected from individuals aged 0-4 years and 5 ml of blood samples were collected from individuals aged 5-14 years to test HBsAg, HBcAb and HBsAb. Data on vaccination were collected through Henan Provincial Immunization Information System and hepatitis B cases in Henan Province were collected through China Infectious Disease Reporting System. The effectiveness of the childhood HepB immunization program was analyzed. Results: The average age of 4 883 subjects was (7.32±2.81) years old. The positive rates of HBsAg and HBcAb were 0.1% (7/4 883) and 1.0% (50/4 883), and the population standardized rates were 0.3% and 1.7%. In 2002, the positive rate of HBsAg among adolescents aged 0-14 years in Henan Province was 3.39%. Compared with that in 2002, the number of chronic HBV infections among adolescents in Henan Province in 2022 decreased by about 0.7 million. In 2002, the vaccination rate of newborns who completed all three doses of vaccine was 6.26%. In 2003, the vaccination rate of the hepatitis B vaccine rose rapidly, reaching 90% in 2013 for the first time. After 2014, the vaccination rate in Henan Province continued to remain above 95%. The proportion of cases among children aged 1-4 years in clinical reports decreased from 0.43% (1 108/256 566) in 2006 to 0.01% (78/80 655) in 2021. The proportion of cases among adolescents aged 5-19 years decreased from 18.21% (46 710/256 566) in 2006 to 1.1% (827/80 655) in 2021. Conclusions: From 2002 to 2022, the positive rate of HBsAg among adolescents aged 0-14 years has decreased significantly in Henan Province. The effectiveness of the HepB immunization program for children is good.

[Thoughts and suggestions on digital services to enhance the level of vaccination management].

With the development of information technology and the increasing demand for vaccination services among the people, it is a definite trend to enhance the quality of vaccination services through digitization. This article starts with a clear concept of digital services for vaccination, introduces the current development status in China and abroad, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of existing models in leading regions, takes a glean from the summation, and proposes targeted solutions. This study suggests establishing a departmental coordination mechanism for data interconnection and sharing, formulating data standards and functional specifications, enhancing the functionalities of the immunization planning information system, strengthening data collection and analytical usage, and intensifying appointment management and science and health education to provide expert guidance for the construction of digital vaccination services across the country in the future.

[Application of PRAME immunohistochemistry in the differential diagnosis of primary endometrial and endocervical adenocarcinomas].

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) immunohistochemical staining in differential diagnosis of primary endometrial and endocervical adenocarcinomas. Methods: Eighty-seven cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma and sixty-three cases of cervical adenocarcinoma were collected from May 2018 to November 2023 in the Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School and all the cases were subject to PRAME immunohistochemical staining. The difference of PRAME expression between endometrial and endocervical adenocarcinomas was analyzed. Results: In 87 cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma, patients' age ranged from 35 to 71 years (average 59 years, median 59 years); in 63 cases of cervical adenocarcinoma patients' age ranged from 28 to 80 years (average 49 years, median 47 years). Seventy-eight cases (78/87, 89.7%) of endometrial adenocarcinoma; 2 cases (2/63, 3.2%) of cervical adenocarcinoma showed positive PRAME staining, and both cases of cervical adenocarcinoma were clear cell carcinoma. The sensitivity and specificity of PRAME in distinguishing between endometrial and cervical adenocarcinoma in the cohort were 89.7% and 96.8%, while those in differentiating non-clear cell carcinoma of the uterus from that of the cervix reached up to 91% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions: Immunohistochemical staining for PRAME demonstrates statistically significant differences between endometrial and cervical carcinomas, making it a useful auxiliary diagnostic marker for differentiating cervical and endometrial adenocarcinoma, especially non-clear cell carcinoma.

[Surgical treatment for obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a five-year single-center experience of 421 cases].

Objectives: To examine the short-term and mid-term effects of surgical treatment of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in one center. Methods: The perioperative data and short-term follow-up outcomes of 421 patients with obstructive HCM who received surgical treatment at Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University from January 2017 to December 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 207 males and 214 females, aged (56.5±11.7) years (range: 19 to 78 years). Preoperative New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification included 45 cases of class Ⅱ, 328 cases in class Ⅲ, and 48 cases in class Ⅳ. Fifty-eight patients were diagnosed with latent obstructive HCM and 257 patients had moderate or more mitral regurgitation with 56 patients suffering from intrinsic mitral valve diseases. All procedures were completed by a multidisciplinary team, including professional echocardiologists involving in preoperative planning for proper mitral valve management strategies and intraoperative monitoring. A total of 338 patients underwent septal myectomy alone, and 59 patients underwent mitral valve surgery along with myectomy. A single transaortic approach was used in 355 patients, and a right atrial-atrial septal/atrial sulcus approach was used in 51 other patients. Long-handled minimally invasive surgical instruments were used for the procedures. Student t test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, χ2 test or Fisher exact test were used to compare the data before and after surgery. Results: The aortic cross-clamping time of septal myectomy alone was (34.3±8.5) minutes (range: 21 to 94 minutes). Eighteen patients had intraoperative adverse events and underwent immediate reoperation, including residual obstruction (10 patients), left ventricular free wall rupture (4 patients), ventricular septal perforation (3 patients), and aortic valve perforation (1 patient). Four patients died during hospitalization, and 11 patients developed complete atrioventricular block requiring permanent pacemaker implantation. After discharge, 384 (92.1%) patients received a follow-up visit with a median duration of 9 months. All follow-up patients survived with significantly improved NYHA classifications: 216 patients in class Ⅰ and 168 patients in class Ⅱ (χ2=662.73, P<0.01 as compared to baseline). At 6 months after surgery, follow-up echocardiography showed that the thickness of the ventricular septum ((13.6±2.5) mm vs. (18.2±3.0) mm, t=23.51, P<0.01) and the peak left ventricular outflow tract gradient ((12.0±6.3) mmHg vs. (93.4±19.8) mmHg, 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa, t=78.29, P<0.01) were both significantly lower than baseline values. Conclusion: The construction of the surgical team (including echocardiography experts), proper mitral valve management strategies, identification and management of sub-mitral-valve abnormalities, and application of long-handled minimally invasive surgical instruments are important for the successful implementation of septal myectomy with satisfactory short-and medium-term outcomes.

[Comparison of myotomy and coronary artery bypass grafting in surgical treatment of symptomatic left anterior descending myocardial bridges].

Objective: To compare the effect of myotomy and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) to treat symptomatic myocardial bridges (MBs) of the left anterior descending artery (LAD). Methods: From January 2009 to December 2017, a total of 54 eligible patients [34 males, 20 females, with a median age of 60 (51, 64) years old] with symptomatic MBs of LAD who underwent myotomy (31 patients) or CABG (23 patients) at the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University were included in the study. Surgical effect of the two groups were compared and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the risk factors of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Results: No significant differences between the two groups were observed with respect to age, gender, risk factors of coronary artery disease (CAD), symptoms, angiographic findings of MBs and preoperative cardiac status, and 0 surgery-associated death was observed. Among the 31 myotomy patients, 4 patients underwent off-pump myotomy (including one patient who underwent urgent conversion from off-pump to on-pump surgery due to massive hemorrhaging secondary to the right ventricular perforation), and the remaining 27 cases received myotomy under cardiopulmonary bypass with cardiac arrest. All 23 bypass surgery patients underwent off-pump CABG surgery with in situ left internal mammary artery (LIMA) grafting to the distal LAD. After LIMA grafting, the median graft flow was 14 (11, 20) ml/min. During a median follow-up of 26 months, 11 patients developed MACEs (7.4% for myotomy vs 40.9% for bypass surgery, P=0.007). Surgical strategy (CABG surgery vs myotomy) was an independent risk factor for MACE (OR=3.681, 95% CI: 1.812-8.685, P=0.011). Compared with myotomy, CABG surgery had a significantly higher incidence of adverse angiographic results (3.7% of residual compression vs 40.9% of LIMA graft failure, P=0.003). Among 10 CABG surgery patients with LAD-MBs and proximal coronary obstruction, all LIMA grafts were patent, though one case reported recurrent angina pectoris 2 years after the surgery which was relieved after drug therapy. Conclusions: For patients with symtomatic LAD-MBs, myotomy may be associated with favorable mid-term outcomes and angiographic results. However, CABG surgery should be recommended for those with concomitant proximal obstruction of LAD.

[The influence of probiotics and synbiotics on intestinal inflammation and microbiota in mice with acute colitis].

Objective: To investigate the effects of probiotics and synbiotics on inflammation and microbiota of acute colitis in mice. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were divided into 4 groups randomly. Each group had 10 mice and was given 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) drinking water for 5 days other than the blank control group. Except for model control group, other two groups were administrated with probiotics and synbiotics, respectively. Probiotics was composed of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium lactis, while synbiotics was composed of the aforementioned probiotics, inulin and galactooligosaccharide. Feces of different periods and mucosa samples were collected to analyze the differences of enteric flora by 16s rDNA sequencing. Results: (1) Pathological scores in probiotics group and synbiotics group were 5.40±2.79 and 7.25±2.87, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the model control group with scores 27.00±7.94. Model control group, probiotics group and synbiotics group showed lower flora diversity, increased Bacteroides and decreased Faecalibacterium than blank control group. The mucosal microbiota was different from fecal flora in abundance and species for each group, and Mucispirillum was more common in mucosa. Conclusions: Probiotics and synbiotics alleviate the inflammation of acute colitis in mice. Imbalance of beneficial genera to harmful genera is the characteristic of acute colitis. Supplementation of probiotics and synbiotics contributes to regulating the balance of intestinal microbiota.

[Effect of clinical characteristics on relapse of alcohol dependence: a prospective cohort study].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether craving and demographic factors to predict relapse in alcohol dependence. METHODS: This study was a prospective cohort study. From August 2017 to August 2018, 158 Han male inpatients who met the diagnositic and statistical manual disorders-fourth version(DSM-IV) alcohol dependence diagnostic criteria were recruited from three mental hospitals in China. The participants were interviewed at baseline and followed up by telephone after 3 months for assessment. The baseline assessment after the acute withdrawal period included demographic data and alcohol-related data, clinical institute withdrawal assessment-advanced revised (CIWA-Ar), withdrawal and cue-induced craving on visual analog scale (VAS), Michigan alcoholism screening test (MAST), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS) and alcohol urge questionnaire (AUQ). According to the follow-up results, "relapse" was defined as the consumption of beverages containing ethanol at any time during the follow-up study, and "time to relapse" was defined as the number of days from the first drinking to the baseline. Whether relapse occurred and the time to relapse were the primary endpoints. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting the relapse of alcohol dependence. RESULTS: In the study, 158 alcohol dependence patients were finally included, age from 21 to 60 years, with the mean age of (40.31±9.14) years. The relapse rate was 63.7% three months after baseline assessment. According to Cox univariate analysis and multivariate analysis, the age (OR=0.975, P=0.030) and CIWA-Ar scores (OR=1.126, P=0.010) significantly predicted relapse. And there was no significant difference in education level, marital status, withdrawal and cue-induced craving on VAS, SAS and SDS between the relapse group and the non-relapse group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Age and severity of alcohol-dependent withdrawal symptoms during hospitalization are significantly related to relapse for alcohol in alcohol-dependent patients. To be exact, the older age is a protective factor, that is to say, the younger patients are prone to relapse, while the risk of relapse is raised by the higher severity of withdrawal symptoms. However, neither cue-induced nor withdrawal craving can predict relapse of alcohol-dependent patients.

[Clinical outcomes of total arterial off-pump coronary revascularization in patients with left ventricular dysfunction].

Objective: To compare the advantages and disadvantages of total arterial revascularization (TAR) and conventional off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) grafting in patients with left ventricular dysfunction (LVD). Methods: Between January 2008 and March 2015, 76 patients who were scheduled to undergo selective OPCAB were selected for cardiac surgery in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. The left ventricular ejection fraction of enrolled patients was less than 35%. Among those patients, 38 patients in TAR group underwent total arterial OPCAB with bilateral internal mammary artery, left and/or right radial artery, and another 38 patients in control group underwent conventional OPCAB with left internal mammary artery and great saphenous vein. The clinical data of all patients were collected. The follow-up was performed within 36 months. Results: There was no significant difference in preoperative clinical data between the two groups (all P>0.05). Additionally, there was no significant difference in the application rate of internal mammary artery, positive inotropic drugs and intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) use between the two groups (all P>0.05). The operation time of TAR group was longer than that of control group [(278.3±31.2) min vs (196.7±19.1) min, P<0.01]. There was no significant difference in perioperative mortality between the two groups (5.3% vs 7.9%, P=0.64). The volume of operative drainage and blood transfusion in TAR group increased significantly at 24 hours after operation [(895.0±236.2) ml vs (585.4±172.5) ml, (656.3±84.4) ml vs (433.3±62.9) ml, both P<0.01]. There was no significant difference in perioperative complications such as heart, kidney and lung failure between the two groups (all P>0.05). At 12 months after operation, there were no significant differences in survival rate, cardiac death rate, angina recurrence, myocardial infarction, re-treatment rate of revascularization, re-hospitalization rate from cardiac insufficiency, graft patency rate, cardiac function and echocardiographic data between the two groups (all P>0.05). From 24 to 36 months after operation, all the above indexes in TAR group were better than those in control group except for echocardiographic data (all P<0.05). Conclusions: For LVD patients, the early clinical efficacy of the two surgical methods is similar, but for the long-term outcomes, the whole arterial OPCAB operation is obviously superior. However, the shortcomings of total arterial OPCAB are that operative drainage and the use of blood products increased significantly after operation.

[Advances in the study of gastroesophageal varices with portal vein thrombosis in liver cirrhosis].

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is one of the serious complications in the decompensated stage of liver cirrhosis, which is often accompanied by the aggravation of liver cirrhosis and other complications and in severe cases; it may induce gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage and endanger the lives of patients. Furthermore, the most common complication in decompensated stage of cirrhosis is history of gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage and the formation of PVT that may be a risk factor to promote each other. Presently, there are guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage in liver cirrhosis, but there is still a lack of in-depth understanding of cirrhosis complicated with PVT. This paper summarizes advances in the study of gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage complicated with PVT in liver cirrhosis in order to enhance the understanding of risk factors for diagnosis and treatment.

[Current status and prospect of surgical strategy for isolated tricuspid regurgitation following left-sided valve surgery].

Severe isolated tricuspid regurgitation following left-sided heart valve surgery appears a growing clinical concern. Due to elevated operational risk of redo-sternotomy operation, it brings upon poor prognosis and decreased quality of life for these patients, and technical challenges for cardiac surgeons as well. With the advancing of minimally invasive surgical theory and skills, Chinese cardiac surgeons are building up their own surgical experience with this patient population. However, there remains controversy about the optimal surgical timing and strategy for these high-risk patients. With the lack of recommendation from evidence-based medicine, it is necessary to learn from the pioneers' experience and contemplate on gains and losses in clinical practice, which would help to improve the safety and outcome of the procedure and to benefit these patients.

[Problems and thoughts of preserving femoral head treatment of osteonecrosis of femoral head].

By literature review and experience summary, some problems are found in conservative treatment of osteonecrosis of femoral head(ONFH): lacking in researches of natural history of ONFH, disunion in classfication and the standard of outcome evaluation, lacking in high-level-evidence study and standard of treatment methods. It is necessary to improve the study on natural history of ONFH, unify the classfications and the standard of outcome evaluations, normalize the treatment methods, and design impeccable multi-centre study for improving the effect of conservative treatment of ONFH.

[Relative factors and follow up research of asymptomatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head].

Objective: To evaluate the progress and influence factors of asymptomatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head(ONFH). Methods: MRI was performed on the contralateral hips of 174 patients with unilateral symptomatic ONFH who admitted at Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2012 to December 2018. Eighty-three of 174 patients with unilateral ONFH were found suffering from contralateral ONFH(47.7%), of which 77 patients were followed up.There were 28 males and 49 females with age of 48.6 years (range: 21-73 years). The pathogenesis, ARCO classfication, areas and position of osteonecrosis were collected.Independent sample t test, χ(2) test, Fisher exact test, multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the potential influence factors. Results: Patients were followed up for 36.7 months. During the following up period, ARCO classification of 28 patients (36.4%) progressed.The progress of asymptomatic ONFH was not related to the gender, age and original ARCO classification, but related to the pathogenesis, position and area of osteonecrosis (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The progress of asymptomatic osteonecrosis is related to the pathogenesis, position and area of osteonecrosis,but most of asymptomatic ONFH will not progress.

[Short-term outcomes of minimally invasive reoperation for tricuspid regurgitation after left-sided valve surgery].

Objective: To examine the short-term outcomes of minimally invasive reoperation for severe tricuspid regurgitation after left-sided valve surgery. Methods: From January 2015 to December 2018, a total of 89 patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation after left-sided valve surgery received reoperation in Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University were included in this study. There were 21 males and 68 females, aging of (56.4±7.9) years (range: 41 to 74 years). The interval between previous left-sided valve surgery and tricuspid reoperation was (14.1±6.1) years (range: 4 to 33 years). A combination of multiple minimally invasive techniques were adopted, including endoscopy-assist right minithoracotomy approach, peripheral cannulation strategy with the vacuum-assist single venous drainage technique, heart beating technique, and temporary percutaneous pacemaker implantation, with a concomitant enhancement in preoperative right cardiac function optimization. Results: All patients received minimally invasive isolated tricuspid valve replacement (n=81) or tricuspid valve repair (n=8). After the application of multiple minimally invasive techniques, the operative mortality rate was only 3.4% (3/89). The causes of death were progressive right heart failure with multiorgan failure (n=1) and low cardiac output associated with postoperative bleeding (n=2). Regarding to the perioperative complications, renal replacement therapy rate was 5.6% (5/89), permanent pacemaker implantation rate was 1.1% (1/89), and the incidence of stroke was 0. Mechanical ventilation time was 24(24) hours, ICU stay time was 2.5 (3.0) days (M(Q(R))). During the short-term follow-up, there were no case of severe tricuspid regurgitation, 2 cases of moderate regurgitation, 4 cases of mild-to-moderate regurgitation. Conclusions: For severe tricuspid regurgitation after left-sided valve surgery, the advanced minimally invasive techniques can significantly reduce the operative mortality and morbidity. Minimally invasive bioprosthetic tricuspid valve replacement is a reliable alternative for severe tricuspid regurgitation after left-sided valve surgery.

[Surgical treatment for tricuspid regurgitation after left-sided valve surgery].

Late tricuspid regurgitation after left-sided valve surgery can negatively affect long-term prognosis. The surgical timing and strategy of tricuspid valve reoperation will have important impact on the surgical outcomes. However, there is no clear recommendations of the surgical timing for this condition in the current guidelines. Generally, tricuspid valve reoperation should be performed before irreversible right heart failure occurs. Although tricuspid valve repair is the first choice for tricuspid regurgitation, bioprosthetic tricuspid valve replacement might be a reliable alternative when tricuspid leaflets have severe rheumatic damage or right ventricle and tricuspid annulus significantly dilate. Combined minimally invasive surgical techniques, including right minithoracotomy approach, accessing the right atrium directly through the pericardium with limited dissection, peripheral cannulation strategy with the vacuum-assist single venous drainage technique and heart beating technique, can significantly decrease the operative mortality and postoperative bleeding. With development of interventional therapy, transcatheter tricuspid valve repair or replacement may become alternatives for tricuspid regurgitation after left-sided valve surgery in the future.

[Revascularization of left anterior descending artery area using a skeletonized left internal mammary artery: a comparison between sequential and separate grafting].

Objective: To evaluate in-hospital and mid-term outcomes of sequential versus separate grafting of in situ skeletonized left internal mammary artery (LIMA) to the left coronary system in a single-center, propensity-matched study. Methods: After propensity score matching, 120 pairs of patients undergoing first, scheduled, isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with in situ skeletonized LIMA grafting to the left anterior descending artery (LAD) territory were entered into a sequential group (sequential grafting of LIMA to the diagonal artery and then to the LAD) or a control group (separate grafting of LIMA to the LAD). The in-hospital and follow-up clinical outcomes and follow-up LIMA graft patency were compared. Results: The two propensity score-matched groups had similar in-hospital and follow-up clinical outcomes. The number of bypass conduits ranged from 3 to 6 (with a mean of 3.5), and 91.3%(219/240)of the included patients received off-pump CABG surgery. No significant differences were found between the two propensity score-matched groups in the in-hospital outcomes, including in-hospital death and the incidence of complications associated with CABG (prolonged ventilation, peroperative stroke, re-operation before discharge, and deep sternal wound infection). During follow-up, 9 patients (4 patients from the sequential group and 5 patients from the control group) died, and the all-cause mortality rate was 3.9%. No significant difference was found in the all-cause mortality rate between the 2 groups[3.4% (4/116) vs 4.3% (5/115), P=0.748]. During follow-up period, 99.1% (115/116) patency for the diagonal site and 98.3% (114/116) for the LAD site were determined by coronary computed tomographic angiography after sequential LIMA grafting, both of which were similar with graft patency of separate grafting of in situ skeletonized LIMA to the LAD. Conclusions: Revascularization of the left coronary system using a skeletonized LIMA resulted in excellent in-hospital and mid-term clinical outcomes and graft patency using sequential grafting.

[Transapical transcatheter aortic valve replacement for high risk pure non-calcified aortic regurgitation: two years outcome of a multi-center study].

Objective: To report on the two years outcome of Chinese multi-center study of the treatment of high risk non-calcified pure aortic regurgitation with transcatheter heart valve replacement (TAVR) using domestic made J-Valve™ system. Methods: The national multi-center clinical study of the treatment of high risk non-calcified pure aortic regurgitation with transcatheter heart valve replacement using domestic made J-Valve™ system was conducted during the period from April 2014 to July 2015. The follow-up time was up to 2 years. Forty-three cases with predominant aortic valve regurgitation were enrolled for transapical implantation of the J-Valve™ system from 3 Chinese centers, including 16 patients from Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 23 patients from West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and 4 patients from Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College. There were 30 males and 13 females in this cohort. The age of the patients was (74±6) years (range: 61 to 84 years). The patiens were all sympotmatic preoperatively. All patients were considered at prohibitive or high risk for surgical valve replacement (Logistic European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation of (25.5±5.3)%, range: 20.0% to 44.4%) after evaluation by an interdisciplinary heart team. Comprehensive clinical and echocardiographic assessments were scheduled before discharge and at 30 days, 12 months, and 24 months after the procedure. Results: One patients was converted to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) due to valve embolism into the arch. The other 42 cases had J-Valve™ systems implanted successfully. One patient died from multi-organ disorder due to paravalvular leak (PVL) during perioperative period. There was no acute myocardial infarction, stroke or coronary obstruction during the perioperative period. The median follow-up time was 725 days (range: 6 to 1 082 days). There were 5 patients died during the 2 years, follow-up, 2 patients had stroke, 2 patients had permanent pacemaker implanted. Three patients had valve related reinterventions: One for intraoperative valve embolism into the aortic arch followed by a conversion to SAVR which was mentioned above. One patient underwent SAVR on the postoperative day 6 due to moderate PVL and ventricular dysfunction. One patient underwent SAVR 6 months after primary procedure due to prosthesis thrombosis and severe aortic valve stenosis.Thirty-six patients with J-valve™ implanted survived to the latest echocardiogram follow-up, 25 patients had trivial or less PVL, 9 patients had mild PVL, and the transvalvular gradient after valve implantation was favorable at (9.8±5.8) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa). Conclusions: Transapical implantation of domestic made J-Valve™ transcatheter heart valve system for patients with predominant aortic regurgitation has a excellent early outcome. This novel technology is safe and effective.

[Myocardial revascularization among patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction: a comparison between on-pump beating-heart and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting].

Objective: To evaluate the impacts of an on-pump beating-heart versus an off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) technique for surgical revascularization on the early clinical outcomes in patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) of 35% or less. Methods: A total of 216 consecutive patients with an echocardiographic estimated EF of 35% or less who underwent non-emergency, primary, isolated CABG from January 2010 to December 2014 at Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University were included in this study and were divided into either an OBCAB group (patients who received on-pump beating-heart CABG surgery, n=88) or an OPCAB group (patients who received off-pump CABG surgery, n=128). The early clinical outcomes were investigated and compared. The outcomes were compared between groups by t-test, χ2 test or Fisher's exact test, when appropriate. Results: No significant differences emerged between the two groups in baseline characteristics of the entire cohort except for more patients with diabetes and a larger left ventricular endo-diastolic diameter in the OBCAB group. Patients in the OBCAB group compared to the OPCAB group had a similar in-hospital mortality (3.4% vs. 4.7%, P= 0.741). Mean EF, as measured preoperatively and early postoperatively (before discharge), significantly improved from (31.0±2.8)% to (35.6±2.9)% (t=10.61, P=0.000) in the OBCAB group and from (31.0±2.9)% to (34.8±3.3)% (t=9.68, P=0.000) in the OPCAB group, respectively. The improvement of mean LVEF in the OBCAB group was significantly higher than that in the OPCAB group ((4.7±0.2)% vs. (3.6±0.3)%, t=29.53, P=0.000). Patients in the OBCAB group compared to the OPCAB group had a significant higher early postoperative EF ((35.6±2.9)% vs.(34.8±3.3)%, t=1.892, P=0.034) but shared a similar baseline EF ((31.0±2.8)% vs. (31.0±2.9)%, t=0.012, P=0.930). Patients in the OBCAB group compared to the OPCAB group received a greater number of grafts and an increased amount of drainage during the first 24 h (3.7±0.8 vs. 2.8±0.6, t=9.442, P=0.000; (715±187) ml vs. (520±148) ml, t=8.544, P=0.000, respectively), without evidence of worse in-hospital mortality or major postoperative morbidity. Conclusion: The on-pump beating-heart technique may be an acceptable alternative to the off-pump technique for surgical revascularization in patients with an estimated EF of 35% or less.

The impact of smoking on incident type 2 diabetes in a cohort with hepatitis B but not hepatitis C infection.

Smoking may be a risk factor for diabetes, and it has been suggested that viral hepatitis may predispose to diabetes. We studied diabetes and smoking histories in people with viral hepatitis. From 1997 to 2004, we studied the risk of incident diabetes in a community cohort with hyperendemic HBV and HCV infection in southern Taiwan. The cohort involved 3539 people (40-70 years old) without diabetes. Four hundred and twenty-three individuals developed diabetes. Those who were ≥65 years old, frequently consumed alcohol, had a BMI ≥25, had <9 years of education, were anti-HCV+ or smoked ≥1 pack per day were more likely to develop diabetes (P < 0.05). A cumulative hazard function test showed that the higher the smoking levels, the greater the cumulative incidence rate of diabetes in HBsAg+ participants only (P = 0.03 by log-rank test). A multiple Cox proportional hazards model analysis in different hepatitis statuses showed smoking levels were strong predictors of diabetes with a dose-response relationship for type 2 diabetes in those with HBsAg+ : hazard ratio (HR) = 3.8, (95% CI: 1.2, 12.3) for light smokers (<1 pack per day) and HR = 4.4 (95% CI: 1.5, 13.3) for heavy smokers (≥1 pack per day). Increasing BMI was a common predictor in all people. Smoking is a strong predictor for diabetes with a dose-response relationship in HBsAg+ individuals and a mild predictor for seronegative individuals but not significant in anti-HCV+ individuals.

Porcine Cloned Embryos Reconstructed with the Cell Nuclei of Tetraploid M-phase Fibroblast Cells Can Restore Normal Diploidy at the Blastocyst Stage.

The cell cycle of donor cells as a major factor that affects cloning efficiency remains debatable. G2/M phase cells as a donor can successfully produce cloned animals, but a minimal amount is known regarding nuclear remodeling events. In this study, porcine fetal fibroblasts (PFFs) were carefully synchronized at G1 or M phase as donor cells. Most of the cloned embryos reconstructed from PFFs at G1 (G1-embryos) or M (M-embryos) phase formed a pronucleus-like nucleus (PN) within 6-h post fusion (hpf), but the M-embryos formed PN earlier than the G1-embryos did. Moreover, 77.4% of the M-embryos formed two PNs, whereas the G1-embryos formed a single PN. The rate of extrusion of polar body-like structures by the M-embryos was significantly lower than that extruded by the G1-embryos (26.3% vs. 37.1%, P < 0.05), and DNA synthesis in most embryos in both groups was initiated at 9-12 hpf. Most of the M-embryos were octoploid before the first cleavage. Furthermore, 81.25% of the blastomeres of blastocysts developed from the M-embryos showed abnormal ploidy compared with those developed from the G1-embryos (22.55%). However, some of the blastomeres remained diploid in all the M-embryos tested. A portion of the blastomeres restored normal diploidy in some of the M-embryos at the blastocyst stage. This finding provides an explanation for M-embryos developing to term.