An Observational Prospective Cohort Study of Vaccine Effectiveness Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection of an Aerosolized, Inhaled Adenovirus Type 5-Vectored Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Given as a Second Booster Dose in Guangzhou City, China.

Using a prospective, observational cohort study during the post-"dynamic COVID-zero" wave in China, we estimated short-term relative effectiveness against Omicron BA.5 infection of inhaled aerosolized adenovirus type 5-vectored ancestral strain coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine as a second booster dose approximately 1 year after homologous boosted primary series of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine compared with no second booster. Participants reported nucleic acid or antigen test results weekly until they tested positive or completed predesignated follow-up. After excluding participants infected <14 days after study entry, relative effectiveness among the 6576 participants was 61% in 18- to 59-year-olds and 38% in ≥60-year-olds and was sustained for 12 weeks.

Managing Chineseness: neurasthenia and psychiatry in Taiwan in the second half of the twentieth century.

The present study investigates the role of Taiwanese psychiatrists in turning neurasthenia into a culture-specific disease in the late twentieth century. It first delineates the shift in both explanatory models of psychoneuroses and patient population in post-World War II Taiwan. Neurasthenia became a focus of international attention in the 1970s and 1980s with the advance of cultural psychiatry, and, as China was closed to the outside world, Taiwanese psychiatrists were influential in framing the cultural meaning of neurasthenia. With the rise of post-socialist China, Taiwan lost its status as a key laboratory of Chinese studies. This paper argues that the history of neurasthenia during the period was closely associated with the professional development and national identity of Taiwanese psychiatrists.

Introduction: Madness and psychiatry in East Asian countries in the modern period.

In the past decades, there has been an increasing scholarly interest in understanding the development of psychiatry and mental health in non-Western worlds in the modern period. Several collective efforts have been made on the East Asian part, and this special issue has selected the examples of the countries of China, Japan, Korea, Hong Kong and Taiwan. Articles have utilized social and political constructions of psychiatric discourse, as well as the use of case files to research patients' experiences in mental hospitals. Through these historiographies, connections and meanings of East Asian psychiatry are discussed in both global and local contexts.

Neurasthenia, psy sciences and the 'great leap forward' in Maoist China.

The present study looks into the much-neglected history of neurasthenia in Maoist China in relation to the development of psy sciences. It begins with an examination of the various factors that transformed neurasthenia into a major health issue from the late 1950s to mid-1960s. It then investigates a distinctive culture of therapeutic experiment of neurasthenia during this period, with emphasis on the ways in which psy scientists and medical practitioners manoeuvred in a highly politicized environment. The study concludes with a discussion of the legacy of these neurasthenia studies - in particular, the experiment with the famous 'speedy and synthetic therapy' - and of the implications the present study may have for future historical study of psychiatry and science.

Dimerized sesquiterpenoid [4 + 2] adducts with ferroptosis-promoting activity from Inula britannica Linn.

Inubritanolides C and D (1 and 2), two exo sesquiterpenoid [4 + 2] adducts with unprecedented interconverting conformations of twist-chair and chair, together with two previously undescribed endo [4 + 2] dimers (3 and 4) were discovered from Inula britannica flowers. Dimers 1 and 2 have an undescribed carbon skeleton comprising of eudesmanolide and guaianolide units with the linkage mode of C-11/C-1' and C-13/C-3' via a Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction. Their structures were elucidated using 1D/2D NMR, X-ray diffraction, ECD, and variable-temperature NMR experiments. Dimer 2 displayed a strong inhibitory effect on breast cancer cells by promoting lipid ROS production, showing its potential as ferroptosis inducer.

[Photodynamic therapy for treatment of chronic or recurrent central serous chorioretinopathy].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of Spectral HRA + OCT-guided photodynamic therapy with half-dose verteporfin in the treatment of chronic or recurrent central serous chorioretinopathy. METHODS: It was a retrospective case series. Twenty eyes of 18 patients with chronic or recurrent central serous chorioretinopathy were included. PDT was applied with half-dose verteporfin (3 mg/m(2)) on the site of active area shown on Spectral HRA + OCT (defined as focal or diffuse retinal pigment epithelial leakage, choroidal hyperpermeability, or pigment epithelial detachment located within the neurosensory detachment), and patients were observed to determine the anatomic and functional outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS (version 9.2). A P value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Comparisons of pre- and post-treatment best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central foveal thickness (CFT) were performed using a paired t test. The relationship between BCVA and CFT post-treatment was analyzed by linear correlation analysis. Comparisons of the BCVA of eyes with and without the integrity of photoreceptor IS-OS and/or external limiting membrane at the last follow-up visit were performed using two sample t test. RESULTS: The median CSC duration was 4.5 months (ranged 1 month to 2 years). The median follow-up period after PDT was 8 months (ranged 6 to 20 months). The mean BCVA before PDT was 0.35 ± 0.16 (ranged 0.05 to 0.6), at 3 months after PDT was 0.72 ± 0.32 (ranged 0.1 to 1.5) and at the last follow-up visit was 0.78 ± 0.29 (ranged 0.3 to 1.5) (t = 6.444, 6.883, P < 0.05). Fifteen eyes (75.0%) had improved vision, and 5 eyes (25.0%) had stable vision. The mean CFT was reduced from (369.0 ± 120.9) µm before PDT to (193.3 ± 30.6) µm 1 month after PDT, (194.9 ± 28.3) µm 3 month after PDT and (190.6 ± 33.7) µm at the last follow-up visit (t = -6.836, -6.826, -7.316; P < 0.05). At the last follow-up visit BCVA was not correlated with CFT (r = 0.166, P > 0.05), but BCVA of the eyes with the integrity of photoreceptor IS-OS and/or external limiting membrane was better than that of without (t = -3.53, P < 0.05). Subretinal fluid disappeared in all eyes 1 month after PDT and there was no recurrence during the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Spectral HRA + OCT-guided photodynamic therapy with half-dose of verteporfin seems effective and safe for the treatment of chronic or recurrent central serous chorioretinopathy.

Structures of ganorbifates C-I, seven previously undescribed lanostanoids from the mushroom Ganoderma orbiforme, and insights of computed biosynthesis with DFT.

Ganorbifates C-I, seven undescribed biosynthetically related polyoxygenated 3,4-seco-27-norlanostanoid congeners, were isolated from the edible mushroom, Ganoderma orbiforme. Ganorbifate C features a unique cyclobutene ring constructed at C19/C11, and both D and E incorporate an unusual cyclopropane ring formed by C-19/C-9 linkage. Their structures, including the absolute configurations, were determined by spectroscopic methods and ECD calculations. The proposed Norrish-Yang cyclization-based key biosynthetic pathway for ganorbifates C-E is revealed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The computational studies uncover the formation of both cyclobutene and cyclopropane rings in the isolates and the stereoselectivity centers of these steps are consistent with those in the natural products. All compounds exhibited NO generation inhibition in LPS-induced BV-2 microglial cells, among them ganorbifate C was the most promising one with the IC50 values of 4.37 µM.

[Fundus fluorescein angiography in metastatic choroidal carcinomas and differentiating metastatic choroidal carcinomas from primary choroidal melanomas].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) in metastatic choroidal carcinomas and determine the value of FFA in differentiating metastatic choroidal carcinomas from primary choroidal melanomas. METHODS: It was a retrospective case series. The retrospective analysis of clinical data and FFA findings was performed in 23 eyes of 22 patients with metastatic choroidal carcinomas and 31 eyes of 31 patients with primary choroidal melanomas as the control. RESULTS: Ocular fundus findings of metastatic choroidal carcinomas were divided into three types: solitary flat (tumor thickness less than 3 mm), solitary elevated (tumor thickness more than 3 mm) or diffuse type. FFA of the three types showed hypofluorescence during the arterial phase and progressive hyperfluorescence during the subsequent phases. The border of the lesions revealed retinal capillary dilation during the arteriovenous phase and persistent pinpoint leakage throughout the angiogram. Retinal capillary dilation and pinpoint leakage were more frequently presented in the solitary flat type. Simultaneous visualization of retinal and tumor circulation (the so called double circulation) was more frequently presented in the solitary elevated type. Pinpoint leakage could be detected in 17 (73.91%) eyes of metastatic choroidal carcinomas and in 5 (16.13%) eyes of primary choroidal melanomas. The difference between the visibility of pinpoint leakage in metastatic choroidal carcinomas and primary choroidal melanomas was statistically significant (P = 0.0000). When pinpoint leakage of FFA was used to differentiate metastatic choroidal carcinomas from primary choroidal melanomas, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive values were 73.91%, 83.87%, 79.63%, 77.27%, 81.25% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: FFA is helpful for the diagnosis of metastatic choroidal carcinomas. Pinpoint leakage on the border of lesions has some value in differentiating metastatic choroidal carcinomas from primary choroidal melanomas.

Mental health status and quality of life in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to identify the association of factors and poorer mental health status and examinate the correlation between mental health status and quality of life (QOL) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. METHODS: A total of 190 patients were included in this observational, cross-sectional study. Psychological states of ESRD patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis were evaluated by the Chinese version symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90) and QOL was assessed using the Chinese Version Kidney Disease Quality of Life-Short Form (KDQOL-SF). RESULTS: A total of 190 patients with a mean age of 61.68 (13.39) years were included in this study. Multiple stepwise linear regression analyses suggested that when controlling for the confounding variables, prealbumin had the significant influence on average positive factors (Coef., -0.647; 95% CI: -1.314, 0.020; P=0.057), somatization (Coef., -1.334; 95% CI: -2.451, -0.217; P=0.020), obsessive-compulsive (Coef., -1.396; 95% CI: -2.255, -0.537; P=0.002), depression (Coef., -1.241; 95% CI: -2.252, -0.229; P=0.017), phobic anxiety (Coef., -2.576; 95% CI: -3.786, -1.367; P<0.001). In the correlation analysis, the score of average positive factors was significantly correlated with the score of the overall health rating (Coef., -0.343; P<0.001), symptom/problem (Coef., -0.337; P<0.001), effects of kidney disease on daily life (Coef., -0.198; P=0.006), burden of kidney disease (Coef., -0.233; P=0.001), cognitive function (Coef., 0.363; P<0.001), quality of social interaction (Coef., 0.292; P<0.001), social support (Coef., 0.237; P=0.001), physical functioning (Coef., -0.339; P<0.001), pain (Coef., 0.362; P<0.001), general health (Coef., -0.332; P<0.001), mental health (Coef., -0.537; P<0.001), social functioning (Coef., 0.202; P=0.005), vitality (Coef., -0.478; P<0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, prealbumin, type 2 diabetes mellitus, heart rate, educational level, duration of hemodialysis, coronary artery disease, heart failure, marital status, hemoglobin A1C, hemoglobin were significantly associated with poorer mental health status of ESRD patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis, and patients with poorer psychological states were more significantly associated with decreased QOL. The results may help clinicians to adopt an effective treatment for early interventions, thus improving the QOL in such population.

Effectiveness and Safety of Tourniquet Application Strategies in Total Knee Arthroplasty: a Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: We conducted the present meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness and safety of long-duration tourniquet and short-duration tourniquet for patients with total knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHODS: Published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified from the following electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library from inception to January 1, 2021. Studies comparing long-duration tourniquet and short-duration tourniquet in total knee arthroplasty were included. Either a random-effects model or a fixed-effects model was used for meta-analysis depending on the heterogeneity. Statistical analysis was assessed using RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS: A total of 8 RCTs with a total of 484 patients were eligible and ultimately included in the meta-analysis. Compared with patients in the long-duration tourniquet, those in the short-duration tourniquet were significantly correlated with postoperative drainage volume (WMD = -71.85, 95% CI - 76.52 to - 67.17, P = 0.31), but an increased risk of total blood loss (WMD = 68.13, 95% CI 5.15-131.12, P = 0.03) and intraoperative blood loss (WMD = 137.13, 95% CI 69.06-205.20, P < 0.00001). Two groups showed no significant difference in operation time, visual analogue scale score of knee in early, transfusion rate and incidence of deep venous thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis suggested that the short-duration tourniquet in TKA significantly decreased the postoperative drainage volume, increased the total blood loss and intraoperative blood loss. However, it did not marked decrease the occurrence of transfusion rate. Although the incidence of deep venous thrombosis was reduced in some study, it was not statistically significant. Additional high quality RCTs are needed to identify the hypothesis. Therefore, we recommend prolonged use of tourniquets during TKA surgery.

Evaluation of the construct reliability and validity of the DSM-5 Self-Rated Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure-Chinese version in maintenance hemodialysis patients.

OBJECTIVE: The study aim was to assess the construct reliability and validity of the internal structure of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition Self-Rated Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure (CCSM)-Chinese version in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients, and to clarify whether the CCSM is suitable for patients with psychological issues. METHODS: Participants were 190 MHD patients. Structural equation modelling was used to establish a measurement model to confirm the reliability and validity of the internal structure of the CCSM-Chinese version, and to compare it with the Chinese version of the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). RESULTS: Of the 13 CCSM domains, 8 showed stability and validity in the initial screening of psychological symptoms. Although the Chinese version of the SCL-90 is widely used, the measurement model of the 8-domain CCSM was a better fit than the SCL-90 (CCSM: chi-square = 35.668, chi-square/degrees of freedom [CMIN/df] = 1.877; root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.061; adjusted goodness of fit index [AGFI] = 0.931 vs. SCL-90: chi-square = 89.159, CMIN/df = 2.972; RMSEA = 0.084; AGFI = 0.879). CONCLUSION: The Chinese version of the CCSM is a useful rapid screening tool to detect psychological symptom risk in MHD patients.

[Clinical observations of macular hole with and without retinal detachment in high myopic eyes].

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical features and the pathogenesis of macular hole with and without retina detachment (RD) in high myopic eyes. METHODS: It was a retrospective series case study. The charts of high myopic patients with macular hole at our hospital from June 2006 to February 2007 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups (the RD group and non-RD group) depending on the presence of RD or not. Their clinical data and optic coherence tomography (OCT) results were further analyzed. SPSS 13.0 was used for the statistic analysis. When comparing the quantitative aspects like age, axial length and refraction, t-test was used. Categorical data, such as sex ratio, occurrence of vitreous traction, posterior staphyloma and retinoschisis were compared by using χ(2) test. Fisher's test was used in comparing eye laterality, incidence of white hole, visual acuity and posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). RESULTS: During this period, there were 43 patients fitting the including criteria. Among them, 36 patents (37 eyes) were in the RD group and 7 patients (7 eyes) in the no-RD group. In the RD group, the average age was 56.1, 24.3% of them (9/37) were male; percentage of left and right eyes was (11/37) and 70.3% (26/37), respectively; average refraction was (-8.9 ± 2.2) D; average axial length was (28.7 ± 2.0) mm. Visual acuity was ≤ 0.05 (72.2%) in 26 eyes and 0.05 - 0.2 (27.8%) in 10 patients. The incidence of complete and non-complete PVD was 89.2% (33/37) and 10.8% (4/37), respectively. White hole presented in 35.1% (3/37) patients. Vitreous traction and retinoschisis presented in 27.0% (10/37) and 35.1% (13/37) patients, respectively. In the non-RD group, the average age was 47.6; 16.7% of them (1/7) were male; left and right eyes were involved in 42.9% (3/7) and 57.1% (4/7), respectively. Average refraction was (-9.0 ± 1.9) D; average axial length was (28.9 ± 1.5) mm. Vision acuity was ≤ 0.05 in 3 patients (42.9%); between 0.05 - 0.2 in 3 eyes (42.9%) and ≥ 0.2 in 1 eye (14.3%). Incidence of complete and non-complete PVD was 85.7% (6/7) and 14.3% (1/7), respectively. White hole was observed in 14.3% (1/7) patients; 42.9% (3/7) patients were accompanied with vitreous traction and 71.4% (5/7) with retinoschisis. B-scan ultrasonography showed posterior staphyloma in all 44 eyes. The results of statistical analysis showed that the gender (χ(2) = 0.008) and eye laterality (χ(2) = 0.449) as well as refraction (t = 0.193), axial length (t = -0.25) and visual acuity (χ(2) = 4.509) of these two groups were similar (P > 0.05). The incidences of vitreous traction (χ(2) = 0.709), white hole (χ(2) = 1.179), PVD (χ(2) = 0.071) and retinoschisis (χ(2) = 3.207) were also similar (P > 0.05). But the age of the non-RD group is significantly younger than the RD group (t = 1.66, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Various pathogenesis may involved in the occurrence of retinal detachment in highly myopic eyes with macular hole. Further study is required to improve our understanding of this entity.

The effect of tourniquet uses on total blood loss, early function, and pain after primary total knee arthroplasty: a prospective, randomized controlled trial.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to examine whether tourniquet use can improve perioperative blood loss, early function recovery, and pain after primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the setting of multiple-dose intravenous tranexamic acid. METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized clinical trial including 180 patients undergoing TKA with multiple doses of intravenous tranexamic acid. One group was treated with a tourniquet during the entire procedure, the second group received a tourniquet during cementing, and the third group did not receive a tourniquet. All patients received the same protocol of intravenous tranexamic acid (20 mg/kg) before skin incision, and three and six hours later (10 mg/kg). The primary outcome measure was perioperative blood loss. Secondary outcome measures were creatine kinase (CK), CRP, interleukin-6 (IL-6), visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score, limb swelling ratio, quadriceps strength, straight leg raising, range of motion (ROM), American Knee Society Score (KSS), and adverse events. RESULTS: The mean total blood loss was lowest in the no-tourniquet group at 867.32 ml (SD 201.11), increased in the limited-tourniquet group at 1024.35 ml (SD 176.35), and was highest in the tourniquet group at 1,213.00 ml (SD 211.48). The hidden blood loss was lowest in the no-tourniquet group (both p < 0.001). There was less mean intraoperative blood loss in the tourniquet group (77.48 ml (SD 24.82)) than in the limited-tourniquet group (137.04 ml (SD 26.96)) and the no-tourniquet group (212.99 ml (SD 56.35); both p < 0.001). Patients in the tourniquet group showed significantly higher levels of muscle damage and inflammation biomarkers such as CK, CRP, and IL-6 than the other two groups (p < 0.05). Outcomes for VAS pain scores, limb swelling ratio, quadriceps strength, straight leg raising, ROM, and KSS were significantly better in the no-tourniquet group at three weeks postoperatively (p < 0.05), but there were no significant differences at three months. No significant differences were observed among the three groups with respect to transfusion rate, thrombotic events, or the length of hospital stay. CONCLUSION: Patients who underwent TKA with multiple doses of intravenous tranexamic acid but without a tourniquet presented lower total blood loss and hidden blood loss, and they showed less postoperative inflammation reaction, less muscle damage, lower VAS pain score, and better early knee function. Our results argue for not using a tourniquet during TKA.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(6):322-332.

Herpotrichones A and B, Two Intermolecular [4 + 2] Adducts with Anti-Neuroinflammatory Activity from a Herpotrichia Species.

Herpotrichones A and B (1 and 2), two intermolecular [4 + 2] adducts with an unprecedented pentacyclic 6/6/6/6/3 skeleton, were isolated from Herpotrichia sp. SF09, an isopod-associated fungus, along with a new shunt product protrichone (3). Their structures were elucidated by the analysis of spectroscopic data, residual dipolar coupling (RDC)-based computer-assisted 3D structure elucidation (CASE-3D), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction in combination with electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compounds 1 and 2 were assessed to be potent anti-neuroinflammatory agents in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV-2 microglial cells with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 0.41 and 0.11 µM, respectively.

An international teamwork: Mental hygiene in Shanghai during the 1930s and 1940s.

Mental hygiene experienced significant growth on an international level in the first half of the 20th century. A concept of American origin, mental hygiene developed into various forms in different cultural and national contexts. With a large international settlement and vibrant cultural activities, Shanghai witnessed a rise of interest in preventing mental illnesses and promoting mental health during the 1930s and early 1940s. The city gradually became one of the most important places for providing mental hygiene services in China. Apart from the establishment of mental hospitals, departments of neuropsychiatry, and child guidance clinics, people from various disciplines, sectors, and nationalities united to deliver health services to the foreign as well as local Chinese population. The present study first examines the social and cultural conditions that made possible, according to contemporary firsthand accounts, this international "teamwork." Taking the establishment of The Mercy Hospital for Nervous Diseases and the organization of child guidance clinics as examples, this study investigates the ways in which knowledge and practices of different origins were combined and transformed. In contrast to previous depictions of the development of psychiatry and mental hygiene in Republican China as a product of missionary influence, scientific progress, or social control, this study seeks to illuminate the interplay of international and local forces in negotiating the meaning of mental hygiene and creating a flexible public health model characteristic of Shanghai's political and social makeup. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Core decompression combined with autologous bone marrow stem cells versus core decompression alone for patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head: A meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of core decompression plus autologous bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) remains controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the efficacy of core decompression combined with BMSCs for OFNH patients. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane library databases through October 2018 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of core decompression combined with BMSCs for OFNH patients. The primary outcome was the visual analog scale (VAS) score at 6 months, 12 months and 24 months. The pooled data were analyzed using Stata 12.0 software. RESULTS: Fourteen studies with 540 patients (core decompression + BMSCs = 275, core decompression alone = 265) were included in our meta-analysis. Compared with the core decompression alone group, the core decompression + BMSCs group showed a significant decrease in the VAS score at 6 months, 12 months and 24 months, and a decrease in the number of hips undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) score and the volume of the postoperative necrotic zone. Core decompression + autologous BMSCs was associated with an increase in HHS postoperatively. No significant difference existed in adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with core decompression alone in the treatment of ONFH, the combined utilization of core decompression and autologous BMSCs has better pain relief and clinical outcomes and can delay the collapse of the femoral head more effectively.

[Influence of CRX gene on development of photoreceptors in zebrafish].

OBJECTIVE: To study the development and opsin expression of zebrafish photoreceptors after CRX gene knock-down. METHODS: It was a experimental study. CRX-MOs was microinjected into the zygote of zebrafish. Seventy-two and 96 hours post fertilization, we prepared the eye histological slides, electron microscope samples and whole mount in-situ hybridizations to study the development and opsin expression. of photoreceptors. RESULTS: There were no obvious histological changes in optical microscope observation after CRX-MOs microinjection. Outer segments were developed in control and blank groups, but no obvious outer segment was found in CRX group by electron microscope observation. Opsin Rho, SWS1 and SWS2 were expressed in control and blank groups and the expression of these genes was obviously decreased in CRX group. CONCLUSION: CRX gene can influence the development and opsins expression of photoreceptors outer segments in zebrafish.

Association of Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte Antigen-4 Polymorphisms with Malignant Bone Tumor Risk: A Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have assessed the association between the Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte Antigen- 4(CTLA-4) polymorphism with the risk of malignant bone tumor, but the conclusions were inconsistent. We aimed to clarify association of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 polymorphisms with malignant bone tumors risk by performing a meta-analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The databases including PubMed, EMBase databases and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify the eligible studies prior to January 30 2016. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were used to estimate the strengths of the association between the CTLA-4 polymorphism and the malignant bone tumor risks. The meta-analysis was performed by STATA 12.0. RESULTS: Four individual studies with a total of 1003 cases with malignant bone tumors and 1162 controls were included in our meta-analysis. The results of meta-analysis on those data demonstrated that CTLA-4 +49G>A polymorphism was associated with the risk of Ewing's sarcoma and osteosarcoma strongly (A vs. G: : OR=1.36, 95%CI:1.20-1.54, p=0.000; AA+AG vs. GG: OR=1.35, 95%CI:1.14-1.61, p=0.001; AA vs. GG: OR=2.24, 95%CI:1.67-2.99, p=0.000; AA vs. AG+GG: OR=2.00, 95%CI:1.53-2.62, p=0.000), but CTLA-4 -318C/T polymorphism was not associated with the risk of malignant bone tumor (C vs. T: OR=0.76, 95%CI:0.76-1.08, p= 0.262; CC+CT vs. TT: OR=0.70, 95%CI:0.41-1.20, p=0.198; CC vs. TT: OR=0.69, 95%CI:0.40-1.19, p= 0.183; CC vs. CT+TT: OR=0.92, 95%CI:0.75-1.13, p= 0.419). Subgroup analysis showed that there are significantly positive correlations between CTLA-4 +49G>A polymorphism and increased risks of malignant bone tumors in large size of sample (A vs. G: OR=1.347, 95%CI: 1.172,1.548, p=0.000; AA vs. GG: OR=2.228, 95%CI: 1.608,3.085, p=0.000), Ewing's Sarcoma or Osteosarcoma (A vs. G: OR=1.361, 95%CI: 1.201,1.540, p=0.000; AA vs. GG: OR=2.236, 95%CI: 1.674,2.986, p=0.000), and PCR-RFLP or Sequencing(A vs. G: OR=1.361, 95%CI: 1.201,1.540, p=0.000; AA vs. GG: OR=2.236, 95%CI: 1.674,2.986, p=0.000), but CTLA-4 -318C/T polymorphism was not associated with the risk of malignant bone tumors in diagnosis, genotype method, and sample size (all p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: CTLA-4 +49A/G variant was associated with an increased risk of developing the malignant bone tumors, such as Ewing's sarcoma and osteosarcoma. However, it failed to show any association between CTLA-4 -318C/T polymorphism and the risk of malignant bone tumors. Future large-scale studies remain to be done to confirm our conclusions.

Effectiveness and safety of controlled venous pressure in liver surgery: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness and safety of controlled venous pressure in liver surgery and further to compare the clinical outcomes of low central venous pressure by infrahepatic inferior vena cava clamping (IVCC) and intraoperative anesthetic control (IAC). METHODS: Online databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Clinical trials.gov, and China biology medicine database were comprehensively searched. After identifying relevant studies out of the search results, quality assessment was performed according to the methods recommended by the Cochrane collaboration. And meta-analysis was performed by both direct comparison and indirect comparison. RESULTS: Thirteen studies containing 1252 patients were included. Compared with control, controlled venous pressure significantly decreased central venous pressure, total blood loss, blood loss during transection, transfusion rate, and total incidence of complications. Further analysis of IVCC and IAC showed that there was no significant difference in aspects of main clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Controlled venous pressure significantly decreased central venous pressure and achieved improvement of bleeding control in liver surgery. It reduced total incidence of complications and chest infection, while it caused concerns about heart disorder. Although IVCC was not worse than IAC in therapeutic effect, a superiority between them still needs to be explored.