RESUMEN
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an important part of the innate immunity system and are found throughout the animal kingdom, but have not yet been reported in annelids. We searched shotgun reads of the genomes of the leech Helobdella and polychaete Capitella for TLR homologs. We found 105 TLR homologs in Capitella and 16 in Helobdella. The deduced phylogeny of these sequences, together with TLRs from other animal phyla, reveals three major clades. One clade consists of a mixture of both vertebrates and invertebrates, including sequences from Capitella and Helobdella, while the other two clades contain only invertebrate TLRs.
Asunto(s)
Anélidos/genética , Anélidos/inmunología , Receptores Toll-Like/genética , Receptores Toll-Like/inmunología , Animales , Anélidos/metabolismo , Evolución Molecular , Inmunidad Innata , Comunicación Paracrina , Filogenia , Alineación de Secuencia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Receptor Toll-Like 2/genética , Receptor Toll-Like 2/metabolismo , Receptores Toll-Like/metabolismoRESUMEN
The genome of the japonica subspecies of rice, an important cereal and model monocot, was sequenced and assembled by whole-genome shotgun sequencing. The assembled sequence covers 93% of the 420-megabase genome. Gene predictions on the assembled sequence suggest that the genome contains 32,000 to 50,000 genes. Homologs of 98% of the known maize, wheat, and barley proteins are found in rice. Synteny and gene homology between rice and the other cereal genomes are extensive, whereas synteny with Arabidopsis is limited. Assignment of candidate rice orthologs to Arabidopsis genes is possible in many cases. The rice genome sequence provides a foundation for the improvement of cereals, our most important crops.