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The creation and manipulation of coherence continues to capture the attention of scientists and engineers. The optical laser is a canonical example of a system that, in principle, exhibits complete coherence. Recent research has focused on the creation of coherent, laser-like states in other physical systems. The phonon laser is one example where it is possible to amplify self-sustained mechanical oscillations. A single mode phonon laser in a levitated optical tweezer has been demonstrated through appropriate balance of active feedback gain and damping. In this work, coherent control of the dynamics of an optical tweezer phonon laser is used to share coherence between its different modes of oscillation, creating a multimode phonon laser. The coupling of the modes is achieved by periodically rotating the asymmetric optical potential in the transverse focal plane of the trapping beam via trap laser polarization rotation. The presented theory and experiment demonstrate that coherence can be transferred across different modes of an optical tweezer phonon laser, and are a step toward using these systems for precision measurement and quantum information processing.
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Objective: To investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on the replication, amplification, and fibre formation of prions (PrPSc). Methods: The CCK8 assay was used to detect the cell viability of the prion-infected cell model SMB-S15 after CAPE treatment for 3 days and 7 days and the maximum safe concentration of CAPE for SMB-S15 was obtained. The cells were treated with a concentration within a safe range, and the content of PrPSc in the cells before and after CAPE treatment was analyzed by western blot. Protein misfolding cycle amplification (PMCA) and western blot were used to assess changes in PrPSc level in amplification products following CAPE treatment. Real-time-quaking induced conversion assay (RT-QuIC) technology was employed to explore the changes in fibril formation before and after CAPE treatment. The binding affinity between CAPE and murine recombinant full-length prion protein was determined using a molecular interaction assay. Results: CCK8 cell viability assay results demonstrated that treatment with 1 µmol/L CAPE for 3 and 7 days did not exhibit statistically significant differences in cell viability compared to the control group (all P<0.05). However, when the concentration of CAPE exceeded 1 µmol/L, a significant reduction in cell viability was observed in cells treated with CAPE for 3 and 7 days, compared to the control group (all P<0.05). Thus, 1 µmol/L was determined as the maximum safe concentration of CAPE treatment for SMB-S15 cells. The western blot results revealed that treatment with CAPE for both 3 and 7 days led to a detectable reduction in the levels of PrPSc in SMB-S15 cells (all P<0.05). The products of PMCA experiments were assessed using western blot. The findings revealed a significant decrease in the levels of PrPSc (relative grey value) in the PMCA amplification products of adapted-strains SMB-S15, 139A, and ME7 following treatment with CAPE, as compared to the control group (all P<0.05). The RT-QuIC experimental results demonstrated a reduction in fibril formation (as indicated by ThT peak values) in CAPE-treated mouse-adapted strains 139A, ME7, and SMB-S15, as well as in SMB-S15 cells infected with prions. Furthermore, CAPE exhibited varying degrees of inhibition towards different seed fibrils formation, with statistically significant differences observed (all P<0.05). Notably, CAPE exhibited a more pronounced inhibitory effect on ME7 seed fibrils. Molecular interaction analyses demonstrated significant binding between CAPE and murine recombinant prion protein, and the association constant was (2.92±0.41)×10-6 mol/L. Conclusions: CAPE inhibits PrPSc replication, amplification, and fibril formation in vitro possibly due to specific interactions with the prion protein at the molecular level.
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Ácidos Cafeicos , Alcohol Feniletílico , Animales , Ácidos Cafeicos/farmacología , Ratones , Alcohol Feniletílico/análogos & derivados , Alcohol Feniletílico/farmacología , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas PrPSc/metabolismo , Priones , Línea Celular , Proteínas Priónicas/metabolismoRESUMEN
This article reviewed the clinical progress in the field of pulmonary and critial care medicine, both domestically and internationally during the year 2023 (from October 1, 2022 to September 30, 2023). In 2023, there have been significant modifications to the global definition of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). These include the inclusion of SpO2/FiO2 as a diagnostic criterion for ARDS, the addition of parameters for high-flow nasal cannula humidified oxygen therapy as a basis for diagnosing ARDS in non-intubated patients, clarification of the need to diagnose ARDS in non-intubated patients with PEEP≥5 cmH2O under non-invasive positive pressure ventilation, and the increased diagnostic value of ultrasound. Bedside electrical impedance, transpulmonary pressure and severe ultrasound provide effective means for for individualized assessment of critically ill patients. End-tidal alveolar dead space fraction, intestinal microecological imbalance, and ICU-acquired weakness are important warning indicators for the prognosis of critically ill patients. Machine learning models based on big data can effectively predict the prognosis of critically ill patients, and ECMO combined with prone positioning can improve patient outcomes. Cognition and fatigue were the most common persistent symptoms in critically ill patients after discharge. Intervention on specific cellular subtypes of lung injury receptors may be a future target for personalized treatment of lung injury tissue repair.
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Lesión Pulmonar , Neumología , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria , Humanos , Enfermedad Crítica/terapia , Cuidados Críticos , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria/terapiaRESUMEN
Heated tobacco products (HTP) are a new type of tobacco product, also known as heat-not-burn (HnB) tobacco products. They are devices that use an electronic heat source to heat tobacco and produce aerosols containing nicotine for smokers to inhale. Currently, traditional combustible cigarettes and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) are increasingly being regulated under the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Tobacco companies have responded by actively promoting heated tobacco products worldwide, which pose new challenges to global tobacco control efforts and may become a challenge for tobacco control work in China. In reviewing the situation and the potential harm of heated tobacco products, it was noted that HTP are rapidly gaining popularity worldwide, and that their harmfulness may be underestimated. Compared to combustible cigarettes (CC) and ENDS, the long-term health effects of HTP are not fully understood, and they may pose new health risks. Potential health risks include an increase in smoking prevalence, the presence of harmful and potentially harmful compounds not found in CC, and the potential gateway effect on non-smokers. Due to differences in laws, regulations, health policies, institutions, and cultural factors related to the tobacco industry in different countries and regions, attitudes, and regulatory measures towards HTP also vary. It is essential for countries and regions around the world to develop appropriate policies to strengthen control of HTP and prevent their widespread use.
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Productos de Tabaco , Prevalencia , Productos de Tabaco/efectos adversos , Nicotina , Fumar/efectos adversos , Fumar/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Lung cancer is a highly lethal malignant tumor worldwide and in China, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for approximately 85% of cases globally. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) had changed the paradigm of lung cancer treatment, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy and recomended as the first-line treatment for NSCLC. NSCLC patients often required glucocorticoid(GC) due to the cancer itself, tumor complications, or immune-related adverse event (irAE). GC had sparked debates on their impact on the therapeutic effectiveness of ICI in NSCLC patients as a substance with immunomodulatory effects. While some studies suggested that GC use did not influence patients survival, others argued the opposite. Understanding the effects of GC on immunotherapy is crucial for managing complaications in cancer patients and addressing irAE. This review explores the impact of GC on the efficacy of ICI in NSCLC patients, aiming to provide insights for clinical treatment.
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Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Glucocorticoides , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Glucocorticoides/uso terapéutico , Glucocorticoides/administración & dosificación , Inmunoterapia/métodosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Recent studies identified several risk factors of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), including dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity. But they were not so reliable and some studies contradicted with one another. Hence, a reliable method is urgently needed to explore exact factors that facilitated BPH development. METHODS: The study was based on Mendelian randomization (MR) design. All participants were from the most recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with large sample size. The causal associations between nine phenotypes (total testosterone level, bioavailable testosterone level, sex hormone-binding globulin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyper-tension, and body mass index) and BPH outcome were estimated. Two sample MR, bidirectional MR, and multivariate MR (MVMR) were performed. RESULTS: Increase in bioavailable testosterone level was able to induce BPH based on nearly all combination methods [beta (95% confidence interval (CI)): 0.20 (0.06-0.34) for inverse variance weighted (IVW)]. The other traits seemed to interact with testosterone level and did not cause BPH generally. Higher triglycerides level was likely to raise bioavailable testosterone level [beta (95% CI): 0.04 (0.01-0.06) for IVW]. In MVMR model, bioavailable testosterone level was still associated with BPH occurrence [beta (95% CI) 0.27 (0.03-0.50) for IVW]. CONCLUSIONS: We for the first time validated the central role of bioavailable testosterone level in the pathogenesis of BPH. The complex associations between other traits and BPH should be further investigated.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Hipertensión , Hiperplasia Prostática , Masculino , Humanos , Hiperplasia Prostática/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Testosterona , Triglicéridos , HDL-Colesterol , Hipertensión/complicacionesRESUMEN
Using an integrated bioinformatics approach to find novel biomarkers that can predict asthma severity. From June 2022 to December 2022, this clinical medical study was conducted and completed in the Department of Allergy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. The gene chip dataset GSE43696 was screened and downloaded from the high-throughput Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and the gene chip data preprocessing was completed using package "affy" in R and "rma" algorithm in turn. Use the the "edgeR" and "limma" packages to screen out the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal controls, mild to moderate asthma patients and severe asthma patients, and then use the "clusterProfiler" package to perform GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs, finally use the STRING website to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs to further screen key genes. Using the R language "WGCNA" package, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed on the dataset GSE43696, and the modules significantly related to the severity of asthma were screened out, then the hub genes were obtained by intersecting the WGCNA analysis results with the DEGs screened by PPI. Datasets GSE43696 and GSE63142 were used to verify the expression of hub genes, and the diagnostic value was evaluated according to the ROC curve, then the potential function of hub genes in dataset GSE43696 was further clarified by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The results showed that a total of 251 DEGs were screened, including 39 in the normal group and mild to moderate asthma group, 178 in the normal group and severe asthma group, and 34 in the mild to moderate asthma group and severe asthma group, mainly involved in biological processes such as response to toxic substance, response to oxidative stress, extracellular structure organization, extracellular matrix organization. Two modules significantly correlated with asthma severity were screened out (red module, P=7e-6, r=0.43; pink module, P=5e-8, r=-0.51), and finally six hub genes were obtained, including B3GNT6, CEACAM5, CCK, ERBB2, CSH1 and DPPA5. The comparison of gene expression levels and ROC curve analysis of datasets GSE43696 and GSE63142 further verified the six hub genes, which may associated with o-glycan biosynthesis, alpha linolenic acid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, pentose and glucoronate interconversions. In conclusion, through a variety of bioinformatics analysis methods, this study identified six hub genes significantly related to the severity of asthma, which potentially provided a new direction for the prediction and targeted therapy of asthma.
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Asma , Humanos , Asma/genética , Biología Computacional , HospitalesRESUMEN
Schizophrenic and pregnant smokers with tobacco dependence had always been excluded from most large treatment trials for nicotine dependence. As weight gain was found to be common after smoking cessation, obese people were more likely to have a reduced willingness to quit smoking and an increased risk of relapse. This article reviewed the latest research progress in pharmacological treatment of tobacco dependence in schizophrenia, pregnant women, and obese people.
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Cese del Hábito de Fumar , Tabaquismo , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Tabaquismo/tratamiento farmacológico , Fumar/efectos adversos , ObesidadRESUMEN
Silicone oil insertion is a common modality in vitreoretinal surgeries after ocular perforating injury. It needs surgical removal after several months. Extraocular silicone oil migration to orbit and eyelid is uncommon complication. We reports a case of silicone oil migration to orbit and eyelid. A 41-year-old male presented with left upper eyelid swelling following silicone oil injection 3 years before admission. Orbital computed tomography scan showed multiple high-density well-defined masses in vitreous, left upper eyelid and orbit. We diagnosed the patient with orbital and eyelid mass, meanwhile, speculated mechanical ptosis. Excision of orbital and eyelid masses were performed. Cystic spaces with delicate fibrous wall and small vessels, and clear fluid in cyst were discovered on histologic examination. The patient was followed up after 1 week. The left upper eyelid slightly depressed and the mechanical ptosis was significantly improved.
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Blefaroptosis , Lesiones Oculares , Masculino , Humanos , Adulto , Órbita , Aceites de Silicona/efectos adversos , Párpados , Lesiones Oculares/complicacionesRESUMEN
Resident cardiac macrophages (rcMACs) are among the most abundant immune cells in the heart. Plasticity and activation are hallmarks of rcMACs in response to changes in the microenvironment, which is essential for in vitro experimentation. The in vivo investigation is confounded by the infiltration of other cells hindering direct studies of rcMACs. As a tool to investigate rcMACs, we applied the ex vivo model of living myocardial slices (LMS). LMS are ultrathin ex vivo multicellular cardiac preparations in which the circulatory network is interrupted. The absence of infiltration in this model enables the investigation of the rcMACs response to immunomodulatory and mechanical stimulations. Such conditions were generated by applying interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) or interleukine-4 (IL-4) and altering the preload of cultured LMS, respectively. The immunomodulatory stimulation of the LMS induced alterations of the gene expression pattern without affecting tissue contractility. Following 24 h culture, low input RNA sequencing of rcMACs isolated from LMS was used for gene ontology analysis. Reducing the tissue stretch (unloading) of LMS altered the gene ontology clusters of isolated rcMACs with intermediate semantic similarity to IFN-γ triggered reaction. Through the overlap of genes affected by IFN-γ and unloading, we identified Allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF-1) as a potential marker gene for inflammation of rcMACs as significantly altered in whole immunomodulated LMS. MicroRNAs associated with the transcriptomic changes of rcMACs in unloaded LMS were identified in silico. Here, we demonstrate the approach of LMS to understand load-triggered cardiac inflammation and, thus, identify potential translationally important therapeutic targets.
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Corazón , Miocardio , Humanos , Macrófagos , Interferón gamma , InflamaciónRESUMEN
The biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by micro-organisms in the environment is often inhibited by coexisting metal ions. The aim of this work is to study a bacterial consortium for enhancing phenanthrene biodegradation under the inhibition effect of the rare earth (RE) ions Ce3+ and Y3+ . This bacterial consortium was composed of two bacteria, namely, the RE-adsorbing Bacillus subtilis MSP117 and the phenanthrene-degrading Moraxella osloensis CFP312. Ce3+ and Y3+ at the concentration of 1·15 mmol l-1 inhibited CFP312 from degrading phenanthrene but not glucose. Using glucose as a co-substrate could promote the proliferation of CFP312 but decreased phenanthrene degradation. Adsorption experiments and electron microscopy imaging showed that CFP312 had no RE ions adsorption capacity for RE ions and that RE elements could not be observed on its cell surfaces. MSP117 could adsorb 0·14 and 0·12 mmol g-1 wet cells of Ce3+ and Y3+ in aqueous solution, respectively, thus demonstrating considerable adsorption capacity. The MSP117 cell surface immobilized part of the free RE ions and reduced their bioaccessibility, thereby alleviating their biotoxic effect on phenanthrene degradation by CFP312. In liquid and slurry systems, glucose, which was used as the co-substrate of the bacterial consortium, must be kept at a low level to avoid the catabolism repression of phenanthrene degradation by CFP312.
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Fenantrenos , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos , Biodegradación Ambiental , Fenantrenos/metabolismo , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/metabolismo , Bacterias/metabolismoRESUMEN
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is aberrantly overexpressed in many solid malignancies, making it an important target for anti-cancer biologic agents. Among them, epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRIs), which have been widely used in clinical practice, include anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. A proportion of patients treated with EGFRIs develop specific, dose-dependent skin toxicity such as papulopustular rash, paronychia, xerosis and itch. These side effects can cause physical and psychosocial discomfort that may result in dose reduction, discontinuance, or replacement of the current EGFRIs treatment. Correct diagnosis and treatment of these skin and mucosal adverse effects associated with EGFRIs is of great significance for the tertiary prevention of malignant tumors. A review on EGFRI-related mucocutaneous adverse reactions is presented here, focusing on the pathogenesis, the various clinical manifestations, the strategies for prevention and treatment of these conditions.
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Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/efectos adversos , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Receptores ErbB/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Macrophages play an important part in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Our objective was to determine the effects of α-defensin-1 on macrophage polarization and consequently OA. METHODS: OA synovial tissue and synovial fluid were assessed for the presence of M1 (CD68+CD16+CD206-) and M2 (CD68+CD206+CD16-) macrophages by flow cytometry. M0, M1, and M2 macrophages were co-cultured with OA chondrocytes to determine their influence on chondrogenic phenotype. Polarization of THP-1 activated monocytes from M1 to M2 in response to α-defensin-1 was evaluated by flow cytometry, RT-PCR and RNA sequencing. Effects of intra-articular α-defensin-1 in vivo were evaluated in a rat meniscal/ligamentous injury (MLI) model. RESULTS: The quantity of M1 exceeded M2 polarized macrophages in human OA synovial tissue (mean difference 26.1% [13.6-38.6%], P < 0.001) and fluid (mean difference 10.5% [5.0-16.1%], P = 0.003). M1 to M2 polarization in vitro was most effectively promoted with 10 ng/mL α-defensin-1. Compared with untreated macrophages, the α-defensin-1 polarized macrophages modified co-cultured OA chondrocytes from a pro-catabolic state to a pro-anabolic (regenerative-like) state based on expression of COL2A1, ACN, MMP3, MMP13 and ADAMTS5. Intra-articular α-defensin-1 decreased severity of cartilage damage and synovitis in the MLI rat model. RNAseq analyses suggested insulin and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways in the chondroprotective α-defensin-1 mechanism of action. CONCLUSION: α-defensin-1 promotes M1 to M2 macrophage polarization in vitro, has beneficial effects on chondrocytes indirectly via M2 macrophage polarization, and attenuates the severity of OA in vivo, suggesting it might be a candidate treatment for OA.
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Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Osteoartritis/tratamiento farmacológico , alfa-Defensinas/administración & dosificación , Antiinfecciosos/administración & dosificación , Polaridad Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Técnicas de Cocultivo , Humanos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Líquido Sinovial/metabolismo , Membrana Sinovial/metabolismoRESUMEN
Objective: To explore the effect of comprehensive rehabilitation treatment of individualized exercise program on lung function, exercise ability, quality of life and biochemical indexes of coal workers' pneumoconiosis patients, and to provide scientific and effective methods for rehabilitation treatment of coal workers' pneumoconiosis. Methods: In Huaibei Coal Mine Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Hospital, the data of pneumoconiosis patients treated by pneumoconiosis department in the hospital were collected and sorted out. 80 patients were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Using a random number table, they were randomly divided into two groups with 40 cases in each group. The data investigated in this study include the results before and after treatment. Pulmonary function index, BMI index, six-minute walking distance (6MWD) , quality of life questionnaire (SF-36) , hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) , st George's breathing questionnaire (sgrq) , c-reactive protein (CRP) and blood oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) were used to evaluate and compare the efficacy of the two groups. Results: The lung function indexes of the test group were significantly higher than those of the control group after treatment (P<0.05) , including forced vital capacity, forced vital capacity in the first second, maximum expiratory flow, expiratory flow when vital capacity was 75% and expiratory flow when vital capacity was 25%. The forced vital capacity, the first-second forced vital capacity and the maximum expiratory flow of the patients in the test group were higher after treatment than before (P<0.05) . The six-minute walking distance of the test group was greater than that of the control group after treatment (P<0.05) . After treatment, the scores of st George's breathing questionnaire in the test group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05) . The scores of quality of life questionnaire in the test group were higher than those in the control group after treatment (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The comprehensive rehabilitation treatment of individualized exercise program improved the endurance and exercise ability of pneumoconiosis patients, improved the respiratory status and quality of life of pneumoconiosis patients in Huaibei Coal Mine, improved the lung function of pneumoconiosis patients, and improved the forced vital capacity of patients, but the small airway function has not been significantly improved.
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Antracosis , Terapia por Ejercicio , Neumoconiosis , Carbón Mineral , Volumen Espiratorio Forzado , Humanos , Minería , Exposición Profesional , Neumoconiosis/rehabilitación , Calidad de Vida , Capacidad VitalRESUMEN
Objective: To explore the relationship between polymorphisms of interleukin 17(IL-17) gene (rs4711998, rs763780) and the susceptibility of pneumoconiosis, and to provide a basis for prevention of high-risk groups of pneumoconiosis. Methods: A total of 219 pneumoconiosis patients and 242 workers without pneumoconiosis were enrolled in the study. All subjects were photographed with high undulating X-rays anterior chest radiographs, diagnosed according to diagnostic criteria for pneumoconiosis. We collected 3 ml of peripheral venous blood of the study subjects. Polymorphism in IL-17A rs4711998 and IL-17F rs763780 locus were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: The IL-17A rs4711998 locus has AA, AG and GG genotypes, there was no the significant difference between case and control groups (P>0.05). IL-17F rs763780 had AA, AG and GG genotypes, there was a significant difference between case and control groups (P<0.05). Allele A and allele G were statistically significant difference between the case group and the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: No relationship was found between IL-17A gene polymorphisms at rs4711998 and silicosis. IL-17F rs763780 locus gene polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to pneumoconiosis. AG genotype and G allele may have a protective effect.
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Interleucina-17/genética , Neumoconiosis , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Frecuencia de los Genes , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Genotipo , Humanos , Neumoconiosis/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido SimpleRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To provide an approach to facial contrast, analysing CIELAB colour differences (ΔEab,10∗) and its components in women's faces from two different ethnic groups, illuminated by modern white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) or traditional illuminants recommended by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE). METHODS: We performed spectrophotometric measurements of spectral reflectance factors on forehead and cheek of 87 young healthy women (50 Caucasians and 37 Orientals), plus five commercial red lipsticks. We considered a set of 10 white LED illuminants, representative of technologies currently available on the market, plus eight main illuminants currently recommended by the CIE, representative of conventional incandescent, daylight and fluorescent light sources. Under each of these 18 illuminants, we analysed the magnitude and components of ΔEab,10∗ between Caucasian and Oriental women (considering cheek and forehead), as well as for cheek-forehead and cheek-lipsticks in Caucasian and Oriental women. Colour-inconstancy indices for cheek, forehead and lipsticks were computed, assuming D65 and A as reference illuminants. RESULTS: ΔEab,10∗ between forehead and cheek were quantitatively and qualitatively different in Orientals and Caucasians, but discrepancies with respect to average values for 18 illuminants were small (1.5% and 5.0% for Orientals and Caucasians, respectively). ΔEab,10∗ between Caucasians and Orientals were also quantitatively and qualitatively different both for forehead and cheek, and discrepancies with respect to average values were again small (1.0% and 3.9% for forehead and cheek, respectively). ΔEab,10∗ between lipsticks and cheek were at least two times higher than those between forehead and cheek. Regarding ΔEab,10∗ between lipsticks and cheeks, discrepancies with respect to average values were in the range 1.5-12.3%, although higher values of up to 54.2% were found for a white RGB LED. This white RGB LED provided the highest average colour-inconstancy indices: 17.1 and 11.5 CIELAB units, under reference illuminants D65 and A, respectively. CONCLUSION: Colour contrasts in women's faces under CIE standard illuminants for outdoor and indoor conditions may be strongly altered using specific white LEDs. More research needs to be performed on the impact of spectral power distribution of light sources with high colour rendering indices on visual colour appearance of cosmetic products.
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BACKGROUND: Accurate skin colour measurements are important for numerous medical applications including the diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous disorders and the provision of maxillofacial soft tissue prostheses. METHODS: In this study, we obtained accurate skin colour measurements from four different ethnic groups (Caucasian, Chinese, Kurdish, Thai) and at four different body locations (Forehead, cheek, inner arm, back of hand) with a view of establishing a new skin colour database for medical and cosmetic applications. Skin colours are measured using a spectrophotometer and converted to a device-independent standard colour appearance space (CIELAB) where skin colour is expressed as values along the three dimensions: Lightness L*, Redness a* and Yellowness b*. Skin colour differences and variation are then evaluated as a function of ethnicity and body location. RESULTS: We report three main results: (1) When plotted in a standard colour appearance space (CIELAB), skin colour distributions for the four ethnic groups overlap significantly, although there are systematic mean differences. Between ethnicities, the most significant skin colour differences occur along the yellowness dimension, with Thai skin exhibiting the highest yellowness (b*) value and Caucasian skin the lowest value. Facial redness (a*) is invariant across the four ethnic groups. (2) Between different body locations, there are significant variations in redness (a*), with the forehead showing the highest redness value and the inner arm the lowest. (3) The colour gamut is smallest in the Chinese sample and largest in the Caucasian sample, with the Chinese gamut lying entirely the Caucasian gamut. Similarly, the largest variability in skin tones is found in the Caucasian group, and the smallest in the Chinese group. CONCLUSION: Broadly speaking, skin colour variation can be explained by two main factors: individual differences in lightness and yellowness are mostly due to ethnicity, whereas differences in redness are primarily due to different body locations. Variations in lightness are more idiosyncratic probably reflecting the large influence of environmental factors such as exposure to sun.
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Colorimetría/normas , Bases de Datos Factuales/normas , Etnicidad , Pigmentación de la Piel/fisiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Calibración/normas , Colorimetría/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Haematococcus pluvialis, as the most potential natural source of astaxanthin, which is a powerful antioxidant with high economic value, has attracted more and more scientific attention in recent years. An in-depth understanding of the mechanism for how H. pluvialis produces astaxanthin requires the intensive investigations on its genetic information. In particular, many reported studies were based on a variety of RNA analyses. However, it is difficult to extract RNA with high quality and quantity from H. pluvialis, because of the blockage from its thick cell wall and contamination by a large quantity of pigments, polysaccharides, and lipids. Therefore, we proposed an optimized Trizol-based RNA extraction method for H. pluvialis by investigating the effect of cell wall broken ways, algal strains, and cell growth status on total RNA isolation. Using this rapid, convenient, and cost-saving method, isolated H. pluvialis RNA had high quantity and quality (with an RNA integrity number of 7.0 and a concentration of 1604.1 ng/µL) equivalent to that isolated by commercial kit, enabling its applications into downstream RNA analyses.
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Chlorophyta/química , ARN de Planta/química , Fraccionamiento Celular/métodos , Fraccionamiento Químico/métodos , ARN de Planta/normasRESUMEN
Fusarium oxysporum strain BM-201 was treated with ultraviolet (UV) radiation to obtain a high pectinase-producing strain. Mutant UV-10-41 was obtained and then treated by diethyl sulfate. Next, the mutant UV-diethyl sulfate-43 derived from UV-10-41 was selected as high pectinase-producing strain. Mutant UV-diethyl sulfate-43 was incubated on slant for 10 generations, demonstrating that the pectinase-producing genes were stable. Pectinase activity reached 391.2 U/mL, which is 73.6% higher than that of the original strain.
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Fusarium/enzimología , Fusarium/genética , Mutagénesis/genética , Poligalacturonasa/biosíntesis , Ésteres del Ácido Sulfúrico/toxicidad , Rayos Ultravioleta , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Fermentación/efectos de los fármacos , Fermentación/efectos de la radiación , Fusarium/aislamiento & purificación , Fusarium/efectos de la radiación , Ácidos Hexurónicos/metabolismo , Mutagénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Mutagénesis/efectos de la radiación , Estándares de Referencia , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To discuss the influence factors of dislocation after bipolar prosthetic replacement. METHODS: A total of 374 patients who received bipolar prosthetic replacement in our hospital from October 2001 to October 2015 were retrospectively studied. The clinic data of patients with dislocation after operation was summarized to analyze the causes. RESULTS: Dislocation happened in 12 patients among all the 374 patients.10 cases received manual relocation, 2 cases open relocation. Most of the 12 patients were accompanied with neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, sequelae of cerebral infarction, etc. Some factors like improper body position caused by these complications were the main influence factors of dislocation. CONCLUSION: Accompanied with neurological and psychiatric disorders is the important influence factor of dislocation after bipolar prosthetic replacement.