The complete mitochondrial genome of a tropical midge Chironomus kiiensis Tokunaga, 1936 (Diptera: Chironomidae).

In this study, we presented the complete mitochondrial genome of a tropical midge Chironomus kiiensis Tokunaga by Illumina sequencing technology. The complete mitogenome of C. kiiensis is 15,710 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNAs and 22 tRNAs. The overall nucleotide composition is A: 39.3%, T: 37.6%, C: 13.6%, and G: 9.5%. Most PCGs use ATN as the start codon excluding COX1 (TTG), and most PCGs use TAA as the stop codon excluding ND4 (TAG). Gene order of the C. kiiensis mitogenome is identical to those of other Chironomidae mitogenomes. Phylogenetic analysis based on the mitogenomic PCGs indicate that Chironomus is a sister clade to Polypedilum.

Acupuncture in treating obesity combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.

BACKGROUND: and purpose: Most type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients are accompanied by overweight or obesity, and it is difficult to concurrently solve these two issues with conventional treatment regimens without experiencing adverse effects. While clinical practice demonstrates that acupuncture is beneficial in treating obesity combined with T2DM, there is a lack of evidence-based medicine to support this claim. The study aims to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture in treating obesity combined with T2DM. METHODS: By searching eight electronic databases, we collected randomized controlled trials on acupuncture in treating obesity combined with T2DM. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias in the included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed using RevMan 5.4 software. RESULTS: A total of 13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 993 patients were eventually included. Meta-analysis results demonstrated the effective rate of clinical symptoms: [RR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.28, P < 0.00001]; body mass index: [MD = -2.11, 95% CI: -2.56, -1.66, P < 0.00001]; fasting plasma glucose: [MD = -1.09, 95% CI: -1.60, -0.59, P < 0.00001]; haemoglobin A1c: [MD = -0.58, 95% CI: -0.95, -0.20, P = 0.002]; triglyceride: [MD = -0.29, 95% CI: -0.46, -0.11, P = 0.001]; waist circumference: [MD = -5.36, 95% CI: -8.68, -2.05, P = 0.002]; body fat rate: [MD = -3.59, 95% CI: -4.28, -2.90, P < 0.00001]. CONCLUSION: Current evidence suggests that acupuncture has advantages in treating obesity combined with T2DM. However, due to low-quality evidence of included research, additional large-sample and high-quality research are required to validate the findings of this study.

The efficacy and safety of auricular point combined with moxibustion for insomnia: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Insomnia is a common sleep disorder, which seriously affects people's quality of life and work ability. In China, auricular therapy and moxibustion therapy have a long history in treating insomnia. Clinical studies have shown that auricular point and moxibustion can effectively improve insomnia symptoms. At present, auricular point combined with moxibustion in the treatment of insomnia has been widely used in China, but its overall effectiveness and safety are still unclear. There is a lack of systematic evaluation of auricular point combined with moxibustion in the treatment of insomnia. This paper aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of auricular point combined with moxibustion in the treatment of insomnia. METHODS: Retrieve randomized controlled trials of auricular point combined with moxibustion from PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang, the Chongqing VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database, and China biomedical literature database from their establishment to August 2020. Search Baidu Scholar, Google Scholar, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and Chinese Clinical Trials Registry for unpublished gray literature. Two researchers independently applied RevMan 5.3 software for data extraction and risk assessment of bias. RESULTS: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of auricular point combined with moxibustion in the treatment of insomnia from Pittsburgh sleep quality index, Rhone planck sleepiness scale, Traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores, Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression, 5-hydroxytryptamine, incidence of adverse reactions, and other aspects. CONCLUSION: This study will provide theoretical support for the clinical application of auricular point combined with moxibustion in the treatment of insomnia. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The private information from individuals will not publish. This systematic review also will not involve endangering participant rights. Ethical approval is not required. The results may be published in a peer-reviewed journal or disseminated in relevant conferences. OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/8VZRJ.

Structure and gene cluster of the O-antigen of Enterobacter cloacae C4115.

An O-polysaccharide was isolated by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of Enterobacter cloacae C4115 and studied by sugar analysis along with 1D and 2D 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The following structure of the linear pentasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1 â†’ 2)-α-l-Rhap-(1 â†’ 2)-α-l-Rhap-(1 â†’ 2)-α-d-Galp-(1 â†’ 3)-α-d-FucpNAc-(1→ The O-antigen gene cluster of E. cloacae C4115 was sequenced. The gene functions were tentatively assigned by comparison with sequences in the available databases and found to be in consistence with the O-polysaccharide structure. The O-antigen structure and gene cluster of E. cloacae C4115 are similar to those of E. cloacae G3421 studied by us earlier (Perepelov A.V. et al. Carbohydr. Res. 427 (2016) 55-59).