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1.
Phys Rev Lett ; 132(23): 235101, 2024 Jun 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38905665

RESUMEN

In this study, we discovered a turbulence transition in a large helical device. The turbulence level and turbulence-driven energy transport decrease to a specific transition density and increase above it. The ruling turbulences below and above the transition density were ion-temperature gradient (ITG) and resistive-interchange (RI) turbulences, consistent with the predictions of gyrokinetic theory and two-fluid MHD model, respectively. Isotope experiments on hydrogen (H) and deuterium (D) clarified the role of transitions. In the ITG regime, turbulence levels and energy transport were comparable in the H and D plasmas. In contrast, in the RI regime, they were clearly suppressed in the D plasma. The results provide crucial knowledge for understanding isotope effects and future optimization of stellarator and heliotron devices.

2.
Pharmazie ; 79(7): 163-168, 2024 Aug 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39152557

RESUMEN

In recent years, there has been a growing trend in the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for treating a larger patient population. However, it is important to note that immune-related adverse events (irAEs) frequently arise as a result. Therefore, precise patient monitoring becomes essential. We present the findings of a retrospective study conducted at the International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital (referred to as "our hospital") that aimed to identify risk factors linked to the occurrence of irAEs. The study focused on analyzing various factors, including therapeutic and lifestyle backgrounds, as well as laboratory values of patients who received ICI treatment and were subsequently diagnosed with irAE. The study included patients who met the eligibility criteria for ICIs (both single agent and combination therapy) as well as ICI in combination with anticancer drugs. The inclusion period for the study encompassed April 2020 to May 2022 at our hospital. The fifty patients were divided into two groups based on the severity of irAEs: the first group consisted of patients with irAE Grade 2 or lower (referred to as irAE Grade under 2), while the second group included patients with irAE Grade 3 or higher (referred to as irAE Grade over 3). Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in age (p=0.027) and CRP (C-reactive protein) levels (p=0.008) among the background factors when comparing the two groups. Additionally, statistically significant differences were observed among different ICI treatment groups in the occurrence of irAEs (p=0.035). however, it was indicated to be a relatively weak correlation. Moving forward, we shifted our focus to examine the frequency of irAEs in relation to exposure. However, we did not observe any significant correlation between exposure and irAE grade. Additionally, even when exposure was doubled through the use of ipilimumab in combination with ICIs (referred to as "Mod exposure"), no correlation was found. Exposure was further categorized into three groups: the PD-1 group, PD-L1 group, and PD-1 + CTLA-4 group. However, no significant correlation was observed between exposure in any of these groups and the grade of irAEs. Similarly, no significant correlation was observed between the dosage of ICI in the fixed-dose group and the weight-based dosage group with exposure and irAE Grade. Based on our study findings, there is a suggestive relationship between age and CRP levels and the occurrence of irAEs of Grade 3 or higher. These factors may play a role in contributing to the development of more severe irAEs.


Asunto(s)
Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico , Humanos , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/efectos adversos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos/epidemiología
3.
Osteoporos Int ; 33(4): 889-899, 2022 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34797391

RESUMEN

This population-based cohort study with a 3-year follow-up revealed that the annual incidence rates of vertebral fracture (VF) and severe VF (sVF) were 5.9%/year and 1.7%/year, respectively. The presence of mild VF at the baseline was a significant risk factor for incident sVF in participants without prevalent sVF. INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to estimate the incidence of morphometric vertebral fracture (VF) and severe VF (sVF) in men and women and clarify whether the presence of a mild VF (mVF) increases the risk of incident sVF. METHODS: Data from the population-based cohort study, entitled the Research on Osteoarthritis/Osteoporosis Against Disability (ROAD) study, were analyzed. In total, 1190 participants aged ≥ 40 years (mean age, 65.0 ± 11.2) years completed whole-spine lateral radiography both at the third (2012-2013, baseline) and fourth surveys performed 3 years later (2015-2016, follow-up). VF was defined using Genant's semi-quantitative (SQ) method: VF as SQ ≥ 1, mVF as SQ = 1, and sVF as SQ ≥ 2. Cumulative incidence of VF and sVF was estimated. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate risk factors for incident sVF. RESULTS: The baseline prevalence of mVF and sVF were 16.8% and 6.0%, respectively. The annual incidence rates of VF and sVF were 5.9%/year and 1.7%/year, respectively. The annual incidence rates of sVF in participants without prevalent VF, with prevalent mVF, and with prevalent sVF were 0.6%/year, 3.8%/year, and 11.7%/year (p < 0.001), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analyses in participants without prevalent sVF showed that the adjusted odds ratios for incident sVF were 4.12 [95% confident interval 1.85-9.16] and 4.53 [1.49-13.77] if the number of prevalent mVF at the baseline was 1 and ≥ 2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The annual incidence rates of VF and sVF were 5.9%/year and 1.7%/year, respectively. The presence of prevalent mVF was an independent risk factor for incident sVF.


Asunto(s)
Osteoartritis , Osteoporosis , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral , Adulto , Anciano , Densidad Ósea , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Japón/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Osteoporosis/complicaciones , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral/epidemiología , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral/etiología
4.
Diabet Med ; 37(12): 2143-2152, 2020 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32276289

RESUMEN

AIMS: Diabetic nephropathy, a pathologically diagnosed microvascular complication of diabetes, is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular events, which mainly involve arteries larger than those affected in diabetic nephropathy. However, the association between diabetic nephropathy pathological findings and cardiovascular events has not been well studied. We aimed to investigate whether the pathological findings in diabetic nephropathy are closely associated with cardiovascular event development. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study analysed 377 people with type 2 diabetes and biopsy-proven diabetic nephropathy, with a median follow-up of 5.9 years (interquartile range 2.0 to 13.5). We investigated how cardiovascular events were impacted by two vascular diabetic nephropathy lesions, namely arteriolar hyalinosis and arterial intimal thickening, and by glomerular and interstitial lesions. RESULTS: Of the 377 people with diabetic nephropathy, 331 (88%) and 295 (78%) had arteriolar hyalinosis and arterial intimal thickening, respectively. During the entire follow-up period, those with arteriolar hyalinosis had higher cardiovascular event rates in the crude Kaplan-Meier analysis than those without these lesions (P = 0.005, log-rank test). When fully adjusted for clinically relevant confounders, arteriolar hyalinosis independently predicted cardiovascular events [hazard ratio (HR) 1.99; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12, 3.86], but we did not find any relationship between arterial intimal thickening and cardiovascular events (HR 0.89; 95% CI 0.60, 1.37). Additionally, neither glomerular nor interstitial lesions were independently associated with cardiovascular events in the fully adjusted model. CONCLUSIONS: Arteriolar hyalinosis, but not intimal thickening of large arteries, was strongly associated with cardiovascular events in people with diabetic nephropathy.


Asunto(s)
Arteriolas/patología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Nefropatías Diabéticas/patología , Hialina , Riñón/patología , Arteria Renal/patología , Túnica Íntima/patología , Anciano , Amputación Quirúrgica/estadística & datos numéricos , Arritmias Cardíacas/mortalidad , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/mortalidad , Causas de Muerte , Estudios de Cohortes , Muerte Súbita/epidemiología , Nefropatías Diabéticas/etiología , Femenino , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/epidemiología , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Riñón/irrigación sanguínea , Fallo Renal Crónico/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mortalidad , Infarto del Miocardio/epidemiología , Infarto del Miocardio/mortalidad , Revascularización Miocárdica/estadística & datos numéricos , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Estudios Retrospectivos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/epidemiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/mortalidad
5.
Osteoarthritis Cartilage ; 27(10): 1501-1507, 2019 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31233787

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the genetic mechanisms underlying intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), we examined the associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and indicated as coefficient of interaction term (IDD) in a general population in Japan. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. In 1,605 participants, C2-3 to L5/S1 in the total spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were evaluated using the Pfirrmann's scoring system. Disc scores of 4 and 5 were defined as IDD. Eight SNPs in eight genes associated with IDD were examined at each disc level, considering the non-genetic risk factors of age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS: The highest odds ratio was found for rs9406328 in the THBS2 gene at disc level T12-L1 (OR 1.27, 95%CI 1.05 to 1.53), and this association was strengthened after adjustment for age using logistic regression (OR 1.37, 95%CI 1.12 to 1.67). Among participants aged <50 years and 50-59, the average IDD score in those with 2 risk alleles of rs9406328 was markedly higher than in those with 0 or 1 risk allele, and the difference is much wider than the elderly participants. It indicates the genetic effect of rs9406328 is stronger in the younger age groups. Finally, multiple linear regression analyses of the association between rs9406328 and IDD, adjusted for age, sex, and BMI at each disc level, showed a statistical interaction between age and the number of risk alleles at C7-T1, T3-4 and T4-T5 as well as T12-L1. CONCLUSION: CONCLUSION: The association between rs9406328 in THBS2 and IDD was replicated. The contributions of genetic and environmental factors to IDD differed by disc level.


Asunto(s)
Degeneración del Disco Intervertebral/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Trombospondinas/genética , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Japón , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad
6.
Opt Express ; 27(5): 6976-6995, 2019 Mar 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30876272

RESUMEN

We devise and introduce the principle of wavelength-scan-free spectroscopy for the pump light in pump/probe measurement (action spectroscopy) using supercontinuum light; we demonstrate its implementation by measuring transmission spectra. We use the supercontinuum light noise as a code in order to discriminate wavelength. We extract the stimulation at the desired wavelength by correlating the noise at that wavelength observed separately and the observed total stimulation carried by the probe light. The wavelength-scan-free spectroscopy is enabled with a simultaneous procedure for multiple wavelengths.

7.
Phys Rev Lett ; 123(18): 185001, 2019 11 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31763903

RESUMEN

The isotope effect on energy confinement time and thermal transport has been investigated for plasmas confined by a stellarator-heliotron magnetic field. This is the first detailed assessment of an isotope effect in a stellarator heliotron. Hydrogen and deuterium plasmas heated by neutral beam injection on the Large Helical Device have exhibited no significant dependence on the isotope mass in thermal energy confinement time, which is not consistent with the simple gyro-Bohm model. A comparison of thermal diffusivity for dimensionally similar hydrogen and deuterium plasmas in terms of the gyroradius, collisionality, and thermal pressure has clearly shown robust confinement improvement in deuterium to compensate for the unfavorable mass dependence predicted by the gyro-Bohm model.

8.
Osteoarthritis Cartilage ; 25(7): 1122-1131, 2017 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28089899

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The present study examined the progression, incidence, and risk factors for intervertebral disc degeneration (DD) throughout the lumbar spine using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a large population-based cohort. METHODS: We followed up 617 subjects for more than 4 years as part of the Wakayama Spine Study. 1) "Progression of DD" in each of the entire, upper (L1/2 to L3/4) and lower (L4/5 and L5/S1) lumbar spine was defined as Pfirrmann grade progression at follow-up in at least one disc in the affected region. 2) "Incidence of DD" in each of these regions was defined if all discs were grade 3 or lower (white disc) at baseline, and at least one disc had progressed to grade 4 or higher (black disc) at follow-up. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the risk factors for progression and incidence of DD. RESULTS: DD progression and incidence in the entire lumbar spine were 52.0% and 31.6% in men, and 60.4% and 44.7% in women, respectively. Women was associated with DD progression in the upper lumbar spine (odds ratio [OR] = 1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18-2.42). Aging was associated with the incidence of DD in each region (entire: OR = 1.14, CI = 1.06-1.14; upper: OR = 1.10, CI = 1.05-1.15; lower: OR = 1.11, CI = 1.05-1.19). Diabetes mellitus (DM) was associated with the incidence of DD in the upper lumbar spine (OR = 6.83, CI = 1.07-133.7). CONCLUSION: This 4-year longitudinal study is the first to demonstrate DD progression and incidence in the lumbar spine and their risk factors in a large population-based cohort.


Asunto(s)
Degeneración del Disco Intervertebral/etiología , Vértebras Lumbares , Anciano , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/complicaciones , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/epidemiología , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Hemoglobina Glucada/metabolismo , Humanos , Hipertensión/complicaciones , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Incidencia , Degeneración del Disco Intervertebral/epidemiología , Japón/epidemiología , Estudios Longitudinales , Dolor de la Región Lumbar/epidemiología , Dolor de la Región Lumbar/etiología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Obesidad/complicaciones , Obesidad/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo
10.
Osteoporos Int ; 27(1): 309-18, 2016 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26446770

RESUMEN

UNLABELLED: The cathepsin K inhibitor, ONO-5334, improves bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The effects of morning versus evening administration of ONO-5334 were investigated by measuring bone turnover marker levels in healthy postmenopausal women. Morning administration of ONO-5334 showed a more consistent suppressive effect on bone resorption than evening administration. INTRODUCTION: Bone turnover is thought to be subject to circadian variation, and the efficacy of osteoporosis treatments may be optimized by regulating the time of dosing. This study assessed whether evening administration of the cathepsin K inhibitor, ONO-5334, had a differential effect on the bone turnover marker, C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I), compared with morning administration. METHODS: This was a single-center, single blind crossover study. Fourteen healthy postmenopausal women were assigned to receive ONO-5334 150 mg once daily for 5 days in each period; they were randomized to receive either evening doses in the first period and morning doses in the second or vice versa. Serum and urinary levels of CTX-I were measured throughout the study. RESULTS: Both regimens showed similar patterns of reduction in serum and urinary CTX-I; however, CTX-I suppression was more consistently >60% over 24 h following morning administration. Morning administration led to 6% greater suppression of 24-h serum CTX-I area under the effect curve (AUE; 69 vs 63%; P < .05) and 7% greater suppression of urinary CTX-I/creatinine AUE (93 vs 86%; P < .01) than evening administration. Higher plasma ONO-5334 concentrations were observed between 12 and 24 h postdose following morning administration, with mean trough concentrations for the morning and evening regimens at 9.4 and 4.0 ng/mL, respectively. There were no safety findings of concern. CONCLUSION: Morning dosing of ONO-5334 is more efficacious at reducing markers of bone turnover in healthy postmenopausal women than evening dosing. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01384188 , registered on June 27, 2011 EudraCT: 2008-006284-37.


Asunto(s)
Conservadores de la Densidad Ósea/administración & dosificación , Resorción Ósea/prevención & control , Catepsina K/antagonistas & inhibidores , Tiazolidinas/administración & dosificación , Anciano , Biomarcadores/sangre , Conservadores de la Densidad Ósea/farmacología , Conservadores de la Densidad Ósea/uso terapéutico , Resorción Ósea/sangre , Resorción Ósea/fisiopatología , Relojes Circadianos/fisiología , Colágeno Tipo I/sangre , Estudios Cruzados , Esquema de Medicación , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Osteoporosis Posmenopáusica/prevención & control , Péptidos/sangre , Posmenopausia/sangre , Posmenopausia/fisiología , Método Simple Ciego , Tiazolidinas/farmacología , Tiazolidinas/uso terapéutico
11.
Nano Lett ; 15(5): 3067-72, 2015 May 13.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25826121

RESUMEN

It is shown that charged defect generation, through argon ion-based plasma processing, in few layer graphene, could substantially enhance the electrical capacitance for electrochemical energy storage. Detailed consideration of the constituent space charge and quantum capacitances were used to delineate a new length scale, correlated to electrically active defects contributing to the capacitance, and was found to be smaller than a structural correlation length determined through Raman spectroscopy. The study offers insights into an industrially viable method (i.e., plasma processing) for modifying and enhancing the energy density of graphene-based electrochemical capacitors.

12.
Gene Ther ; 22(5): 374-81, 2015 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25716530

RESUMEN

We created Na(+)/HCO3(-) cotransporter 1 (NBCe1) p.W516* knock-in mice as a model of isolated proximal renal tubular acidosis showing early lethality associated with severe metabolic acidosis to investigate the therapeutic effects of prenatal alkalization or posttranscriptional control 124 (PTC124). NBCe1(W516*/W516*) mice were treated with non-alkalization (control, n=12), prenatal alkalization postcoitus (prenatal group, n=7) and postnatal alkalization from postnatal day 6 (postnatal group, n=12). Mutation-specific therapy, PTC124 (60 mg kg(-1)) or gentamicin (30 mg kg(-1)), was administered intraperitoneally from postnatal day 6. Blood and urine biochemistry, acid-base analysis, survival rate and renal histology were examined. NBCe1 protein, mRNA abundance and activity ex vivo were assessed after PTC124 and gentamicin treatment. Prenatal group mice had similar initial body weight to wild-type mice and achieved significant weight gain thereafter compared with controls. They had higher serum bicarbonate level (15.5 ± 1.4 vs 5.5 ± 0.1 mmol l(-1), P<0.05) on postnatal day 14 and better renal function, histology and survival rates (60.8 ± 23.5 vs 41.1 ± 15.8 days, P<0.05) than the postnatal group. Compared with the control and gentamicin therapies, PTC124 therapy significantly increased NBCe1 protein abundance despite unchanged mRNA transcription. Only PTC124 therapy significantly increased survival rate and partially rescued NBCe1 activity ex vivo. In NBCe1(W516*/W516*) mice, prenatal alkali therapy achieved higher survival rates and ameliorated organ dysfunction. PTC124 therapy for this nonsense mutation was partially effective in increasing NBCe1 expression and activity.


Asunto(s)
Acidosis Tubular Renal/terapia , Terapia Genética , Oxadiazoles/uso terapéutico , Simportadores de Sodio-Bicarbonato/genética , Acidosis Tubular Renal/genética , Álcalis/sangre , Álcalis/orina , Animales , Gentamicinas/administración & dosificación , Gentamicinas/uso terapéutico , Ratones , Oxadiazoles/administración & dosificación , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Simportadores de Sodio-Bicarbonato/metabolismo
13.
J Periodontal Res ; 50(4): 500-8, 2015 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25223277

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is the cell response that activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway in a variety of conditions, such as inflammation and bone metabolism. The UPR may be associated with the pathogenesis of periodontal disease because the disease is inflammatory in nature, and alveolar bone resorption is a characteristic feature of the disease. However, the relationship between ER stress and alveolar bone resorption observed in periodontal disease remains elusive. MATERIAL AND METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were orally administered Porphyromonas gingivalis, a representative periodontopathic bacterium, in the presence or absence of a chemical chaperone, 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA). The gene expression of UPR-related molecules and cytokines in gingival tissues were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction, and alveolar bone resorption and osteoclast numbers were evaluated histologically. The in vitro effect of 4-PBA on the differentiation of mouse bone marrow cells induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor was analyzed. RESULTS: The gene expression levels of UPR-related molecules and proinflammatory cytokines and alveolar bone resorption were significantly increased in P. gingivalis-administered mice. UPR-related gene expression and alveolar bone resorption were significantly suppressed by the administration of 4-PBA. However, no effect of 4-PBA was observed for proinflammatory cytokine expression in gingival tissues. Osteoclastic differentiation of bone marrow cells was also suppressed by 4-PBA with a concomitant reduction in the gene expression of cathepsin K and tartrate-resistant alkaline phosphatase genes. CONCLUSION: ER stress induced by oral administration of P. gingivalis is involved in alveolar bone resorption independent of inflammatory cytokines in mice.


Asunto(s)
Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/microbiología , Estrés del Retículo Endoplásmico/fisiología , Periodontitis/microbiología , Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/patología , Animales , Células de la Médula Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Catepsina K/efectos de los fármacos , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Citocinas/análisis , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Encía/química , Encía/efectos de los fármacos , Mediadores de Inflamación/análisis , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Endogámicos , Chaperonas Moleculares/farmacología , Osteoclastos/efectos de los fármacos , Osteoclastos/patología , Fenilbutiratos/farmacología , Porphyromonas gingivalis/fisiología , Ligando RANK/farmacología , Fosfatasa Ácida Tartratorresistente/efectos de los fármacos , Respuesta de Proteína Desplegada/fisiología
14.
Skin Res Technol ; 21(3): 295-301, 2015 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25323334

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: In oxidative coloring, the hair cuticle layers are not only the penetration pathway for active ingredients but also one of the most important dyeing regions. The dyeing mechanism of oxidative dyes in fine structures of the cuticle remains unclear. To investigate the dyeing behavior of oxidative dyes in fine structures of the cuticle, hair cross-sections were analyzed by nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS). METHODS: The preparation method of hair cross-section for NanoSIMS measurement was improved. Improved hair cross-sections were analyzed using NanoSIMS. RESULTS: The cuticle layer thickness of the hair cross-section could be widened. It was confirmed that (12) C(-) ions were more strongly detected from endocuticle than from other fine structures of cuticle. The NanoSIMS (12) C(-) image and hue saturation intensity (HSI) D(-) /(1) H(-) ratio image of the hair, dyed with deuterium-labeled oxidative dye, indicated that the endocuticle had a higher D(-) /(1) H(-) ratio than the other fine structures of the cuticle. It was substantiated that more colored chromophores were fixated in the endocuticle than in other fine structures of the cuticle. CONCLUSION: The dyeing behavior of oxidative dyes in fine structures of hair cuticle was substantiated by NanoSIMS analysis using the improved hair cross-section preparation method.


Asunto(s)
Tinturas para el Cabello/química , Cabello/química , Cabello/ultraestructura , Oxidantes/química , Fenilendiaminas/química , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray/métodos , Absorción Fisicoquímica , Humanos , Japón , Nanotecnología/métodos , Distribución Tisular
15.
Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol ; 42(2): 243-5, 2015.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26054130

RESUMEN

Viper bites in pregnant women have rarely been reported thus far. Moreover, there is no consensus regarding the treatment of such cases. In this paper, the authors report the successful treatment of viper bite during pregnancy without using antivenom.


Asunto(s)
Complicaciones del Embarazo , Mordeduras de Serpientes , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo
16.
Clin Exp Allergy ; 44(11): 1327-34, 2014 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25251750

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: It is increasingly clear that asthma is not a single disease, but a disorder with vast heterogeneity in pathogenesis, severity, and treatment response. To date, 30 genomewide association studies (GWASs) of asthma have been performed, including by our group. However, most gene variants identified so far confer relatively small increments in risk and explain only a small proportion of familial clustering. OBJECTIVE: To identify additional genetic determinants of susceptibility to asthma using a selected Japanese population with reduced tobacco smoking exposure. METHODS: We performed a GWAS by genotyping a total of 480 098 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for a Japanese cohort consisting of 734 healthy controls and 240 patients with asthma who had smoked for no more than 10 pack-years. The SNP with the strongest association was genotyped in two other independent Japanese cohorts consisting of a total of 531 healthy controls and 418 patients with asthma who had smoked for no more than 10 pack-years. For the hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) gene, we investigated SNP-gene associations using an expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) database and also analysed its gene expression profiles in 13 different normal tissues. RESULTS: In the discovery GWAS, a SNP located upstream of HAS2, rs7846389, showed the strongest statistical significance (P = 1.43 × 10(-7) ). In the two independent replication cohorts, rs7846389 was consistently associated with asthma (nominal P = 0.0152 and 0.0478 in the first and second replication cohorts, respectively). In the meta-analysis, association of rs7846389 with susceptibility to asthma reached the level of genomewide significance (P = 7.92 × 10(-9) ). This variant was strongly correlated with HAS2 mRNA expression. The strongest expression of the gene was detected in the lung. CONCLUSIONS: Our study identified HAS2 as a novel candidate gene for susceptibility to adult asthma.


Asunto(s)
Pueblo Asiatico/genética , Asma/genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Glucuronosiltransferasa/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Asma/diagnóstico , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Cromosomas Humanos Par 8 , Decepción , Femenino , Expresión Génica , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Genotipo , Humanos , Hialuronano Sintasas , Japón , Desequilibrio de Ligamiento , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Sitios de Carácter Cuantitativo , ARN Mensajero/genética , Factores de Riesgo
17.
Osteoarthritis Cartilage ; 22(1): 104-10, 2014 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24239943

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study were to investigate the prevalence and distribution of intervertebral disc degeneration (DD) over the entire spine using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to examine the factors and symptoms potentially associated with DD. DESIGN: This study included 975 participants (324 men, mean age of 67.2 years; 651 women, mean age of 66.0 years) with an age range of 21-97 years in the Wakayama Spine Study. DD on MRI was classified into Pfirrmann's system (grades 4 and 5 indicating DD). We assessed the prevalence of DD at each level in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions and the entire spine, and examined DD-associated factors and symptoms. RESULTS: The prevalence of DD over the entire spine was 71% in men and 77% in women aged <50 years, and >90% in both men and women aged >50 years. The prevalence of an intervertebral space with DD was highest at C5/6 (men: 51.5%, women: 46%), T6/7 (men: 32.4%, women: 37.7%), and L4/5 (men: 69.1%, women: 75.8%). Age and obesity were associated with the presence of DD in all regions. Low back pain was associated with the presence of DD in the lumbar region. CONCLUSION: The current study established the baseline data of DD over the entire spine in a large population of elderly individuals. These data provide the foundation for elucidating the causes and mechanisms of DD.


Asunto(s)
Degeneración del Disco Intervertebral/epidemiología , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Índice de Masa Corporal , Vértebras Cervicales/patología , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Degeneración del Disco Intervertebral/etiología , Degeneración del Disco Intervertebral/patología , Japón/epidemiología , Dolor de la Región Lumbar/epidemiología , Dolor de la Región Lumbar/etiología , Vértebras Lumbares/patología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad/complicaciones , Obesidad/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Distribución por Sexo , Vértebras Torácicas/patología , Adulto Joven
18.
Clin Genet ; 86(4): 342-8, 2014 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24116921

RESUMEN

The objective of this study was to investigate ethnic differences in the glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase (GRHPR) gene in patients with primary hyperoxaluria type 2 (PH2). GRHPR was genotyped in Japanese patients with PH2 and all GRHPR mutations described to date were reviewed in terms of geographic and ethnic association. We identified a novel mutation, a two-nucleotide deletion (c.248_249delTG) in exon 3 creating a premature 'stop' at codon 91. Also, we found that the c.864_865delTG mutation was associated with the rs35891798 single-nucleotide polymorphism. The allelic frequencies of the c.103delG, c.494G>A, c.403_404+2 delAAGT, and c.864_865delTG mutations in PH2 patients were 37.8%, 15.6%, 10.0%, and 10.0%, respectively. All patients with the c.103delG mutation were Caucasian. Patients with the c.494G>A mutation and 78% (7/9) of those with the c.403_404+2 delAAGT mutation were from the Indian subcontinent, whereas those with the c.864_865delTG mutation were Chinese or Japanese. Molecular analysis of GRHPR of four Japanese PH2 patients identified a novel mutation (c.248_249delTG in exon 3). Caucasians with PH2 should be screened for the c.103delG mutation; patients from the Indian subcontinent for c.494G>A; and patients of East Asian origin (particularly) for c.864_865delTG. The prevalence of the latter mutation in PH2 patients from East Asia was 75.0%.


Asunto(s)
Oxidorreductasas de Alcohol/genética , Hiperoxaluria Primaria/genética , Adulto , Pueblo Asiatico/genética , Niño , Preescolar , Etnicidad/genética , Femenino , Humanos , Hiperoxaluria Primaria/etiología , Lactante , Masculino , Mutación , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Eliminación de Secuencia , Población Blanca/genética
19.
Osteoporos Int ; 25(3): 1089-98, 2014 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23974860

RESUMEN

SUMMARY: The prevalence of radiographic cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) in 1,562 Japanese from a population-based cohort was 1.9 %. The presence of OPLL showed a significant association with the femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD), presence of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) and plasma pentosidine levels. Only one new case of radiographic OPLL was detected, but OPLL progressed in all affected subjects. INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to clarify the prevalence and progression of radiographic OPLL and the associated factors, using the population-based cohort Research on Osteoarthritis/osteoporosis Against Disability (ROAD). METHODS: In the ROAD study, 1,690 participants underwent X-ray examination of the entire spine and both knees. Radiographic OPLL, lumbar spondylosis, knee osteoarthritis and DISH were diagnosed by a single, well-experienced orthopaedic surgeon. An interviewer-administered questionnaire and tests for anthropometric measurements were administered, and the BMDs of the lumbar spine and proximal femur were determined. A new OPLL case was considered if heterotopic ossification in the posterior longitudinal ligament was absent at baseline but present during follow-up. Progression was defined as an increase in the maximum length or width of the ossification at follow-up over that at baseline. RESULTS: Radiographic OPLL was detected in 30 (17 men, 13 women) of 1,562 individuals who underwent X-ray examination of the cervical spine (prevalence = 1.9 %). Its prevalence was significantly higher in men than in women (p = 0.007), but no association with age was observed. In a logistic regression analysis, OPLL showed a significant association with the femoral neck BMD, presence of DISH and plasma pentosidine levels. Only one new case of radiographic OPLL was detected, but OPLL progressed in all affected subjects. CONCLUSION: This population-based study clarified the prevalence of radiographic OPLL in the Japanese population as well as its progression. OPLL showed significant association with plasma pentosidine levels, BMD and DISH.


Asunto(s)
Osificación del Ligamento Longitudinal Posterior/epidemiología , Distribución por Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antropometría/métodos , Arginina/análogos & derivados , Arginina/sangre , Biomarcadores/sangre , Densidad Ósea/fisiología , Comorbilidad , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Cuello Femoral/fisiopatología , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Hiperostosis Esquelética Difusa Idiopática/epidemiología , Hiperostosis Esquelética Difusa Idiopática/fisiopatología , Japón/epidemiología , Vértebras Lumbares/fisiopatología , Lisina/análogos & derivados , Lisina/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Osificación del Ligamento Longitudinal Posterior/sangre , Osificación del Ligamento Longitudinal Posterior/diagnóstico por imagen , Osificación del Ligamento Longitudinal Posterior/fisiopatología , Prevalencia , Radiografía , Distribución por Sexo
20.
J Periodontal Res ; 49(1): 69-76, 2014 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23586756

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: T and B cells are known to be involved in the disease process of periodontitis. However, the role of natural killer T cells in the pathogenesis of periodontitis has not been clarified. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To examine the role of these cells, C57BL/6J (wild-type), CD1d(-/-) and α-galactosylceramide (αGC)-stimulated wild-type mice were orally infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis strain W83. RESULTS: Apart from CD1d(-/-) mice, the level of alveolar bone resorption was elevated by the infection and was further accelerated in αGC-stimulated mice. The infection induced elevated levels of serum amyloid A and P. gingivalis-specific IgG in the sera, although the degree of elevation was much smaller in the CD1d(-/-) mice. Infection-induced RANKL elevation was only observed in αGC-stimulated mice. Although the cytokines produced by splenocytes were mainly T-helper 1 type in wild-type mice, those in αGC-stimulated mice were predominantly T-helper 2 type. In the liver, the infection demonstrated no effect on the gene expression for interferon-γ, interleukin-4 and RANKL except αGC-stimulated mice in which the infection upregulated the gene expressions. CONCLUSION: This study is the first to show that natural killer T cells upregulated systemic and local inflammatory responses induced by oral infection with P. gingivalis, thereby contributing to the progression of alveolar bone resorption.


Asunto(s)
Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/inmunología , Infecciones por Bacteroidaceae/inmunología , Células Asesinas Naturales/inmunología , Periodontitis/microbiología , Porphyromonas gingivalis/inmunología , Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/microbiología , Animales , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Antígenos CD1d/inmunología , Galactosilceramidas/farmacología , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Inflamación/inmunología , Interferón gamma/análisis , Interleucina-4/análisis , Células Asesinas Naturales/microbiología , Hígado/inmunología , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Endogámicos , Periodontitis/inmunología , Ligando RANK/análisis , Ligando RANK/efectos de los fármacos , Proteína Amiloide A Sérica/análisis , Bazo/inmunología , Células TH1/inmunología , Células Th2/inmunología
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