[What do living standard surveys show about the health system in Colombia?]. / Qué muestran las Encuestas de Calidad de Vida sobre el sistema de salud en Colombia?

This paper analyzes the main advances in health coverage and health services demand in Colombia using the 1997 and 2003 living standards surveys. The study showed an increase in health coverage associated with expansion of the subsidized care system, although a large proportion of the population is still not entitled to health care. The type of entitlement also directly affects the demand for services. There was an increase in preventive medical consultations in 2003 and a decrease in the use medical care for acute illness, due mainly to lack of money. Access to medicines increased from 1997 to 2003, as reflected by a decrease in out-of-pocket expenditure on medicines.

Is the Colombian health system reform improving the performance of public hospitals in Bogotá?

Many countries are experimenting with public hospital reform - both increasing the managerial autonomy with which hospitals conduct their affairs, and separating 'purchaser' and 'provider' sides of the health system, thus increasing the degree of market pressure brought to bear on hospitals. Evidence suggesting that such reform will improve hospital performance is weak. From a theoretical perspective, it is not clear why public hospitals should be expected to behave like firms and seek to maximize profits as this model requires. Empirically, there is very slight evidence that such reforms may improve efficiency, and reason to be concerned about their equity implications. In Colombia, an ambitious reform programme includes among its measures the attempt to universalize a segmented health system, the creation of a purchaser-provider split and the transformation of public hospitals into 'autonomous state entities'. By design, the Colombian reform programme avoids the forces that produce equity losses in other developing countries. This paper reports the results of a study that has tried to track hospital performance in other dimensions in the post-reform period in Bogotá. Trends in hospital inputs, production and productivity, quality and patient satisfaction are presented, and qualitative data based on interviews with hospital workers are analyzed. The evidence we have been able to collect is capable of providing only a partial response to the study question. There is some evidence of increased activity and productivity and sustained quality despite declining staffing levels. Qualitative data suggest that hospital workers have noticed considerable changes, which include greater responsiveness to patients but also a heavier administrative burden. It is difficult to attribute specific causality to all of the changes measured and this reflects the inherent difficulty of judging the effects of large-scale reform programmes as well as weaknesses and gaps in the data available.

¿Qué muestran las Encuestas de Calidad de Vida sobre el sistema de salud en Colombia? / What do living standard surveys show about the health system in Colombia?

This paper analyzes the main advances in health coverage and health services demand in Colombia using the 1997 and 2003 living standards surveys. The study showed an increase in health coverage associated with expansion of the subsidized care system, although a large proportion of the population is still not entitled to health care. The type of entitlement also directly affects the demand for services. There was an increase in preventive medical consultations in 2003 and a decrease in the use medical care for acute illness, due mainly to lack of money. Access to medicines increased from 1997 to 2003, as reflected by a decrease in out-of-pocket expenditure on medicines.

En este documento se esbozan los principales avances en cuanto a aseguramiento en salud y demanda de servicios médicos en Colombia, a partir de las Encuestas de Calidad de Vida de 1997 y 2003. Se encuentra un aumento en el aseguramiento en salud de la población, con un mayor incremento del régimen subsidiado; aún así, persiste una gran proporción que no cuenta con aseguramiento. También se encuentra que el tipo de afiliación afecta directamente la demanda de servicios. Se evidencia un aumento en la consulta por prevención para 2003 y una disminución en las consultas médicas cuando el individuo se siente enfermo, esta disminución se debe principalmente a la falta de dinero. El acceso a los medicamentos aumenta entre 1997 y 2003, lo que se refleja en la disminución del gasto privado en medicamentos.