Oral Health Literacy-Measurement Instruments and their Psychometric Properties: A Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVE: This article aims to provide an evaluation of the psychometric properties of the instruments of oral health literacy in adults. METHODS: An electronic search for instrument studies was performed in the PubMed, PubMed Central, ScienceDirect, Scopus, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases to find articles published up to June 2021. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the COSMIN (COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments) Risk of Bias checklist for systematic review. RESULTS: From an initial sample of 2617 articles, 14 instrument studies were included in the present review. Their sample sizes ranged from 177 to 1405 adults, and the number of items per measurement instrument ranged from 14 to 99. For structural validity, statistical techniques were performed using the classical test theory (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) and the item response theory (dichotomous and polytomous models). The Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry 30, elaborated in the USA, was the measurement instrument that had the greatest number of cultural adaptations, having been validated in such countries as Saudi Arabia, Brazil, Turkey, and Romania. The evaluation of the risk of bias, undertaken using the COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist, showed that 6 of the 10 parameters had been evaluated. CONCLUSION: The psychometric properties that were evaluated in the present systematic review were structural validity, internal consistency, reliability (test-retest), and hypothesis testing for construct validity. To date, there is no gold standard measuring instrument to evaluate the criterion validity parameter.

Blanqueamiento externo en dientes con discromía: una serie de casos / Outside bleaching in discolored teeth: a case series / Clareamento externo em dentes com discromia: uma série de casos

RESUMEN La discromía de piezas dentarias es un problema clínico frecuente en la práctica dental que llega a ser una preocupación estética que puede afectar a la autoestima del paciente. Aunque la técnica de blanqueamiento interno está asociada a resultados óptimos a largo plazo, existen casos en donde no es posible realizar una apertura cameral. Por lo tanto, el presente reporte de casos muestra el uso del blanqueamiento externo con las técnicas en consultorio y domiciliaria en dientes oscurecidos donde se consiguió con éxito restaurar el color natural de forma conservadora.

ABSTRACT Discoloration of teeth is a common clinical issue in dental practice, often posing an aesthetic concern that may impact the patient's self-esteem. While the internal bleaching technique usually offers favorable long-term outcomes, situations arise where chamber opening is not viable. In such instances, this case report highlights the application of external bleaching through both in-office and at-home methods. These techniques were employed to address darkened teeth, successfully restoring their natural color using a minimally invasive approach.

RESUMO A discromia dental é um problema clínico comum na prática odontológica, que se torna uma preocupação estética capaz de afetar a autoestima do paciente. Embora a técnica de clareamento interno esteja associada a ótimos resultados em longo prazo, existem casos em que a abertura da câmara não é possível. Portanto, o presente relato de caso mostra o uso de clareamento externo com técnicas no consultório e em casa em dentes escurecidos, nos quais a cor natural foi restaurada com sucesso de maneira conservadora.

Corrosión en los mini-implantes de ortodoncia: una revisión de la literatura / Corrosion in orthodontic mini-implants: a literature review

RESUMEN Los mini-implantes son dispositivos metálicos que son temporalmente fijados al hueso y son utilizados para lograr una gran variedad de movimientos ortodónticos. Actualmente, se convirtieron en un importante dispositivo que ayuda al ortodoncista en todas las etapas del tratamiento. Los mini-implantes son hechos con uniones de diferentes metales, por lo que están expuestos al proceso de corrosión en la cavidad bucal. La liberación de iones puede causar efectos fisiológicos adversos, incluyendo citotoxicidad, genotoxicidad, carcinogenicidad y efectos alergénicos. El presente artículo busca hacer una revisión acerca de la corrosión de los mini-implantes de ortodoncia. La literatura reporta que la corrosión de mini-implantes contribuye a la inflamación, que es a su vez un factor que influye en la pérdida de estos dispositivos y la liberación de los iones metálicos es una de sus principales causas. Adicionalmente la corrosión puede producir perforaciones y pérdida de espesor del metal, lo que disminuye la resistencia mecánica y aumenta el riesgo de fractura.

ABSTRACT Mini-implants are metallic devices that are temporarily fixed to the bone and are used to achieve a wide variety of orthodontic movements. Today, they have become an important device that helps the orthodontist in all stages of treatment. The mini-implants are made with joints of different metals, so they are exposed to the corrosion process in the oral cavity. The release of ions can cause adverse physiological effects, including cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and allergenic effects. This article seeks to review the corrosion of orthodontic mini-implants. The literature reports that the corrosion of mini-implants contributes to inflammation, which is a factor that influences the loss of these devices and the release of metal ions is one of its main causes. Additionally, corrosion can produce perforations and loss of thickness of the metal, which reduces the mechanical resistance and increases the risk of fracture.