Genomic landscape of non-small cell lung cancer in smokers and never-smokers.

We report the results of whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing of tumor and adjacent normal tissue samples from 17 patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). We identified 3,726 point mutations and more than 90 indels in the coding sequence, with an average mutation frequency more than 10-fold higher in smokers than in never-smokers. Novel alterations in genes involved in chromatin modification and DNA repair pathways were identified, along with DACH1, CFTR, RELN, ABCB5, and HGF. Deep digital sequencing revealed diverse clonality patterns in both never-smokers and smokers. All validated EFGR and KRAS mutations were present in the founder clones, suggesting possible roles in cancer initiation. Analysis revealed 14 fusions, including ROS1 and ALK, as well as novel metabolic enzymes. Cell-cycle and JAK-STAT pathways are significantly altered in lung cancer, along with perturbations in 54 genes that are potentially targetable with currently available drugs.

Adaptive carrier-phase-noise-canceled LiDAR for range-Doppler imaging beyond hundreds of laser coherence length.

Carrier-phase noise limits both the performance and the maximum operation range of coherent LiDAR. To address this issue, we propose a carrier-phase-noise-canceled LiDAR based on an auxiliary interferometer and adaptive filters. Compared to previous methods, this approach is calibration-free and offers higher compensation accuracy, as well as applicability of dynamic target detection. Experiments of range-Doppler imaging for stationary targets and rotating extended targets have been performed, and the detection results close to the theoretical resolution were obtained at the round trip distance to the target beyond 981 times and 106 times coherence length, respectively.

CIP2A deficiency promotes depression-like behaviors in mice through inhibition of dendritic arborization.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe mental illness. Decreased brain plasticity and dendritic fields have been consistently found in MDD patients and animal models; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be clarified. Here, we demonstrate that the deletion of cancerous inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A), an endogenous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), leads to depression-like behaviors in mice. Hippocampal RNA sequencing analysis of CIP2A knockout mice shows alterations in the PI3K-AKT pathway and central nervous system development. In primary neurons, CIP2A stimulates AKT activity and promotes dendritic development. Further analysis reveals that the effect of CIP2A in promoting dendritic development is dependent on PP2A-AKT signaling. In vivo, CIP2A deficiency-induced depression-like behaviors and impaired dendritic arborization are rescued by AKT activation. Decreased CIP2A expression and impaired dendrite branching are observed in a mouse model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Indicative of clinical relevance to humans, CIP2A expression is found decreased in transcriptomes from MDD patients. In conclusion, we discover a novel mechanism that CIP2A deficiency promotes depression through the regulation of PP2A-AKT signaling and dendritic arborization.

Prognostic significance of malignant pleural effusions in patients with advanced luminal B breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Though the survival of breast cancer (BC) patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE) has been studied, this has not been specifically studied in the luminal B subtype. Therefore, this study investigated the characteristics and survival of luminal B-BC patients presenting with MPE. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 141 patients diagnosed with postoperative advanced Luminal B breast cancer, including 54 cases with MPE and 87 cases without MPE at the Tianjin Cancer Hospital from January 2012 to January 2015. We assessed the clinical characteristics between the groups. RESULTS: The mean age of all patients was 47 years, with no significant difference between the two groups. Altogether, 29 (33%), 24 (28%), 28 (32%), 45 (52%), and 10 (11%) patients had lung, liver, bone, lymph node, and chest wall metastases, respectively. In addition. The difference in overall survival between the two groups was not significant (P>0.05). However, cox regression analysis showed that only the tumor clinical stage at initial diagnosis was related to short overall survival. Further, we conducted a subgroup analysis and found that the higher the clinical stage at initial diagnosis in age < 50 years patients, the shorter the overall survival, while age > 50 years patients was not. (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference in the overall survival between luminal B-BC patients with MPE and those without. Clinical stages at initial diagnosis were an independent prognostic factor for age < 50 years luminal B BC with MPE overall survival. Our results may help clinicians make positive decisions regarding personalized treatment of luminal B-BC with MPE.

Construction and validation of a nomogram for blood transfusion after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of proximal humeral fractures in the elderly: a cross-sectional study.

PURPOSE: Few studies have focused on the risk factors leading to postoperative blood transfusion after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of proximal humeral fractures (PHFs) in the elderly. Therefore, we designed this study to explore potential risk factors of blood transfusion after ORIF for PHFs. We have also established a nomogram model to integrate and quantify our research results and give feedback. METHODS: In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of elderly PHF patients undergoing ORIF from January 2020 to December 2021. We have established a multivariate regression model and nomograph. The prediction performance and consistency of the model were evaluated by the consistency coefficient and calibration curve, respectively. RESULTS: 162 patients met our inclusion criteria and were included in the final study. The following factors are related to the increased risk of transfusion after ORIF: time to surgery, fibrinogen levels, intraoperative blood loss, and surgical duration. CONCLUSIONS: Our patient-specific transfusion risk calculator uses a robust multivariable model to predict transfusion risk.The resulting nomogram can be used as a screening tool to identify patients with high transfusion risk and provide necessary interventions for these patients (such as preoperative red blood cell mobilization, intraoperative autologous blood transfusion, etc.).

Screening of Diverse Lupinus spp. Highlights New Resistances to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

Stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a serious and sometimes devastating disease of lupin (Lupinus spp.). A total of 236 lupin accessions from across 12 Lupinus species were screened against the prevalent S. sclerotiorum isolate MBRS-1 (pathotype 76). L. angustifolius accession 21655 and L. albus var. albus accession 20589 showed immune and "near-immune" responses, respectively. Thirteen accessions of L. angustifolius, three accessions each of L. albus and L. albus var. albus, and a single accession each of L. albus var. graecus, L. mutabilis, L. palaestinus, and L. pilosus (totaling ∼4%) showed a highly resistant (HR) response. A further 19 accessions of L. angustifolius, 2 accessions each of L. albus and L. pilosus, and a single accession of L. mutabilis (totaling ∼10%) showed a resistant (R) response. The reactions of 16 (15 L. angustifolius, 1 L. digitatus) of these 236 accessions were also compared with their reactions to a different isolate, Walkaway-3 (WW-3; pathotype 10). Against this isolate, five L. angustifolius accessions showed an HR response and four showed an R response, and the L. digitatus accession showed a moderate resistance response. Overall, isolate WW-3 caused significantly (P < 0.05) smaller lesions than MBRS-1 across tested accessions in common. In addition, 328 plants in a "wild" naturalized field population of L. cosentinii were screened in situ in the field against isolate MBRS-1. Five (∼1.5%) of the 328 plants of wild lupin showed an immune response, 63 (∼19%) showed an HR response, and 146 (∼45%) showed an R response. We believe this is the first examination of diverse Lupinus spp. germplasm responses to a prevalent pathotype of S. sclerotiorum. Lupin genotypes exhibiting high-level resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot identified in this study can be used as parental lines for crosses in lupin breeding programs and/or directly as improved cultivars to reduce the adverse impact of this disease on lupin crops.

Inter- and Intra-Pathogen Interactions Emanating from Coinfection with Different Fungal and Viral strains in Canola Cultivars with Differing Host Resistances.

Few recent investigations examine coinfection interactions between fungal and viral plant pathogens. Here, we investigated coinfections between Leptosphaeria maculans and turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) in canola (Brassica napus). Different combinations of L. maculans isolate P11 and resistance breaking isolates L. maculans UWA192 and TuMV 12.1, were inoculated to three cultivars with differing pathogen resistances/susceptibilities. They were inoculated first to entire or half cotyledons 10-12 days after emergence, and second to opposite entire or half cotyledons on the same day (day 0) or 3 or 7 days afterwards. The parameters measured were L. maculans cotyledon disease index (%CDI), and TuMV systemically infected leaf symptom intensity (SI) and virus concentration (VC). Except when both day 0 inoculations were with isolate UWA192, %CDI values were supressed strongly or only weakly when isolates P11 and/or UWA192 were inoculated to plants with L. maculans single gene resistance (SGR) or polygenic resistance, respectively. However, except when isolate P11 was inoculated first and UWA192 second, these values declined after inoculation day 0 when SGR was absent. TuMV infection suppressed %CDI values, although this decrease was usually smaller following day 0 half cotyledon inoculations. When TuMV temperature sensitive extreme resistance was present and both inoculations were with TuMV, SI and VC values diminished greatly. However, the extent of this decrease was reduced when second inoculations were with L. maculans. SI and VC values were also smaller when SGR was present and second inoculations were with L. maculans. When L. maculans resistance was lacking, SI and VC values were smaller when second inoculations to entire cotyledons were with L. maculans rather than TuMV. This also occurred after second half cotyledon inoculations with isolate P11 but not isolate UWA192. Therefore, diverse inter- or intra-pathogen interactions developed depending upon host resistance, isolate combination, cotyledon inoculation approach and second inoculation timing.

Globally Guided Deep V-Network-Based Motion Planning Algorithm for Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.

Fixed-wing UAVs have shown great potential in both military and civilian applications. However, achieving safe and collision-free flight in complex obstacle environments is still a challenging problem. This paper proposed a hierarchical two-layer fixed-wing UAV motion planning algorithm based on a global planner and a local reinforcement learning (RL) planner in the presence of static obstacles and other UAVs. Considering the kinematic constraints, a global planner is designed to provide reference guidance for ego-UAV with respect to static obstacles. On this basis, a local RL planner is designed to accomplish kino-dynamic feasible and collision-free motion planning that incorporates dynamic obstacles within the sensing range. Finally, in the simulation training phase, a multi-stage, multi-scenario training strategy is adopted, and the simulation experimental results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is significantly better than that of the baseline method.

Early autoimmunity and outcome in virus encephalitis: a retrospective study based on tissue-based assay.

To explore the autoimmune response and outcome in the central nervous system (CNS) at the onset of viral infection and correlation between autoantibodies and viruses. METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted in 121 patients (2016-2021) with a CNS viral infection confirmed via cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) next-generation sequencing (cohort A). Their clinical information was analysed and CSF samples were screened for autoantibodies against monkey cerebellum by tissue-based assay. In situ hybridisation was used to detect Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in brain tissue of 8 patients with glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP)-IgG and nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue of 2 patients with GFAP-IgG as control (cohort B). RESULTS: Among cohort A (male:female=79:42; median age: 42 (14-78) years old), 61 (50.4%) participants had detectable autoantibodies in CSF. Compared with other viruses, EBV increased the odds of having GFAP-IgG (OR 18.22, 95% CI 6.54 to 50.77, p<0.001). In cohort B, EBV was found in the brain tissue from two of eight (25.0%) patients with GFAP-IgG. Autoantibody-positive patients had a higher CSF protein level (median: 1126.00 (281.00-5352.00) vs 700.00 (76.70-2899.00), p<0.001), lower CSF chloride level (mean: 119.80±6.24 vs 122.84±5.26, p=0.005), lower ratios of CSF-glucose/serum-glucose (median: 0.50[0.13-0.94] vs 0.60[0.26-1.23], p=0.003), more meningitis (26/61 (42.6%) vs 12/60 (20.0%), p=0.007) and higher follow-up modified Rankin Scale scores (1 (0-6) vs 0 (0-3), p=0.037) compared with antibody-negative patients. A Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that autoantibody-positive patients experienced significantly worse outcomes (p=0.031). CONCLUSIONS: Autoimmune responses are found at the onset of viral encephalitis. EBV in the CNS increases the risk for autoimmunity to GFAP.

Ion recognition properties of 2,2'-bibenzimidazole regulated by ammonium-modified pillar[5]arenes.

With the increasing issues of environmental degradation and health problem, the selective detection of toxic ions has attracted considerable attention from researchers. Chemical fluorescent sensors with the advantages of facile operation, high sensitivity, rapid response, and easy visualization are emerging as powerful detection tools towards ions. However, the selective recognition of ions is always hindered by the presence of other interfering substances. Herein, we show that supramolecular host-guest interaction based on a pillar[5]arene provides a new opportunity to regulate the ionic recognition properties of guest molecules. A pillar[5]arene-based host-guest complex HG was constructed through the host-guest interaction between ammonium functionalized pillar[5]arene (HAP5) and 2,2'-bibenzimidazole (G). The host-gust complex HG can realize the successive, highly selective, and sensitive detection of specific ions. It was found that only in the presence of HAP5, the sensitivity towards cations was evidently enhanced, and selective successive recognition for I- and HSO4- was achieved. Those results indicate that the introduction of HAP5 can effectively improve the ion recognition performance of 2,2'-bibenzimidazole, so it is a feasible strategy using supramolecular host-guest interaction to regulate the ionic recognition properties of guest molecules.

A Two-Step Fluorescence-Resonance Energy Transfer System Constructed by Platinum(II) Metallacycle Based Molecular Recognition.

Considerable progress in the construction of efficient fluorescence-resonance energy transfer (FRET) systems has promoted the development of artificial energy transfer materials. However, despite recent advances, the exploration of efficient and easy strategies to fabricate novel supramolecular systems with FRET activities is still a challenge. Here, we report that a two-step FRET system was successfully achieved, driven by platinum metallacycle based host-guest interactions. The two-step FRET system is used for the preparation of a white-light-emitting diode and serves as a nanoreactor for the photosynthetic process. This work offers a strategy for the fabrication of FRET systems and opens opportunities for functional materials constructed by platinum(II) metallacycle based host-guest interactions.

The multiple physical quantity sensor based on cylindrical photonic crystals with XOR logic gates.

Based on cylindrical photonic crystals in one dimension, a multi-scale sensor device with a logic operation is being proposed. At the same time, it can satisfy the functions of refractive index (RI) and magnetic field detection. Under the modulation of an external magnetic field, sharp absorption peaks (APs) are obtained in the terahertz (THz) range. In a certain frequency range (AP value above 0.9), as the particular InSb layers are applied to two different magnetic fields, APs of the same frequency can be implemented to operate as XOR logic gates. The results show that with a change in the detected physical quantity, the frequency point of the corresponding AP also moves. Therefore, by adjusting the position of the AP, the magnetic field and RI can be sensed, and the device shows relatively excellent performance of 6879.88 and 6943.65 in terms of quality factor. In addition, the optimal performance of sensitivity, detection limit, and corresponding figure of merit is 0.01264(2πc/d0) T-1, 2.25 × 10-4 T, 227.23 T-1, and -0.003779(2πc/d0) RIU-1, 7.69 × 10-3 RIU, 67.74 RIU-1. In terms of overall sensors, the proposed device is highly innovative in structure and meets the requirements of multi-scale measurements.

Novel Resistances Provide New Avenues to Manage Alternaria Leaf Spot (Alternaria brassicae) in Canola (Brassica napus), Mustard (B. juncea), and Other Brassicaceae Crops.

Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria brassicae) can be a devastating disease in canola (Brassica napus) and mustard (B. juncea), but there are no highly effective host resistances available. Screening of 150 diverse Brassicaceae varieties under glasshouse conditions highlighted important novel resistances. In particular, Camelina sativa '4076' and Diplotaxis erucoides 'Wasabi Rocket' had complete resistance across disease assessment parameters (leaf incidence [%LDI]; severity [%LAD]; consequent defoliation [%LCI]). The next most resistant varieties were C. sativa 'CSA' (%LDI 0.6; %LAD 0.4), '4144' (%LDI 1.2; %LAD 0.5), '405' (%LDI 1.7; %LAD 0.7), C. sativa '3274' (%LDI 2.5; %LAD 0.8), Carrichtera annua 'CAN3' (%LDI 7.7; %LAD 4.0), and Sisymbrium irio 'London Rocket' (%LDI 2.1; %LAD 0.8), all with %LCI values of 0. Other genotypes showing high-level resistance included S. erysimoides 'SER 4' (%LDI 11.8; %LAD 5.6; %LCI 0) and D. cardaminoides 'Wild Rocket' (%LDI 15.5; %LAD 7.2; %LCI 0), and those showing moderate resistance were Brassica carinata 'ML-EM-1' (Rungwe), B. insularis 'Moris', B. napus 'ZY006', B. oxyrrhina 'BOX1', B. oleracea var. capitata 'Sugarloaf', B. tournefortii 'CN01-104-2', and Sinapis alba 'Concerta' with %LDI 21.6 to 29.8, %LAD 12.8 to 21.0, and %LCI 0 to 5.7. In particular, B. napus 'ZY006' for canola and B. oleracea var. capitata 'Sugarloaf' can now be directly utilized (i.e., without crossing impairment) for Brassica species and vegetable breeding programs, respectively. While all B. juncea genotypes were susceptible, there were some less susceptible varieties from India in comparison with genotypes from Australia or China. The most susceptible test genotype was Rapistrum sativus (%LDI 89.4; %LAD 83.9; %LCI 71.0), highlighting the value of the resistances identified. These findings not only highlight a range of novel resistances against A. brassicae for canola, mustard, and other diverse Brassicaceae breeding programs to develop resistant commercial varieties, but also emphasize highly susceptible varieties to avoid in both breeding programs and commercial situations conducive to Alternaria leaf spot.

Factors associated with subgroups of fatigue in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate affected factors for subgroups of fatigue and the degree of fatigue in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. METHODS: This study included 120 MHD patients. Questionnaires, pre- and post-dialysis clinical data, bioimpedance spectroscopy, and ultrasound assessment were involved. RESULTS: The prevalence of fatigue in participants was 83%, including 54% of patients with fatigue worsened by dialysis, 13% with fatigue lessened by dialysis, and 16% with undifferentiated fatigue. Based on multi-nominal logistic regression analysis, age was associated with worsened fatigue by dialysis (odds ratio (OR) = 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.11, p = 0.019), lower post-dialysis phosphorus was associated with lessened fatigue by dialysis (OR = 0.03, 95% CI 0.001-0.981, p = 0.049), and there was an increasing trend of patients experiencing undifferentiated fatigue as the extracellular water / intracellular water (E/I) level increased (p for trend = 0.020). Based on multi-ordinal logistic regression analysis, age was also a significant predictor for more severe fatigue (OR = 1.042, 95% CI 1.008-1.059, p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS: Different subgroups of fatigue in MHD patients have different affecting factors. Older patients were prone to worsened fatigue by dialysis, patients with lower post-dialysis phosphorus were prone to lessened fatigue by dialysis, and patients with higher E/I levels were prone to undifferentiated fatigue. Meanwhile, older patients are prone to suffer from more severe fatigue. However, more in-depth studies are needed to clarify the pathogenesis of fatigue in MHD patients.

[Intestinal and pharyngeal microbiota in early neonates: an analysis based on high-throughput sequencing]. / åŸºäºŽé«˜é€šé‡æµ‹åºåˆ†æžæ—©æœŸæ–°ç”Ÿå„¿è‚ é“å’Œå’½éƒ¨å¾®ç”Ÿç‰©èŒç¾¤.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the distribution characteristics and correlation of intestinal and pharyngeal microbiota in early neonates. METHODS: Full-term healthy neonates who were born in Shanghai Pudong New Area Maternal and Child Health Hospital from September 2021 to January 2022 and were given mixed feeding were enrolled. The 16S rRNA sequencing technique was used to analyze the stool and pharyngeal swab samples collected on the day of birth and days 5-7 after birth, and the composition and function of intestinal and pharyngeal microbiota were analyzed and compared. RESULTS: The diversity analysis showed that the diversity of pharyngeal microbiota was higher than that of intestinal microbiota in early neonates, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). On the day of birth, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the intestine was significantly higher than that in the pharynx (P<0.05). On days 5-7 after birth, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria in the intestine was significantly higher than that in the pharynx (P<0.05), and the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the intestine was significantly lower than that in the pharynx (P<0.05). At the genus level, there was no significant difference in the composition of dominant bacteria between the intestine and the pharynx on the day of birth (P>0.05), while on days 5-7 after birth, there were significant differences in the symbiotic bacteria of Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Rothia, Bifidobacterium, and Escherichia-Shigella between the intestine and the pharynx (P<0.05). The analysis based on the database of Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins showed that pharyngeal microbiota was more concentrated on chromatin structure and dynamics and cytoskeleton, while intestinal microbiota was more abundant in RNA processing and modification, energy production and conversion, amino acid transport and metabolism, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, coenzyme transport and metabolism, and others (P<0.05). The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that compared with pharyngeal microbiota, intestinal microbiota was more predictive of cell motility, cellular processes and signal transduction, endocrine system, excretory system, immune system, metabolic diseases, nervous system, and transcription parameters (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The composition and diversity of intestinal and pharyngeal microbiota of neonates are not significantly different at birth. The microbiota of these two ecological niches begin to differentiate and gradually exhibit distinct functions over time.

Chinese Consensus Report on Family-Based Helicobacter pylori Infection Control and Management (2021 Edition).

OBJECTIVE: Helicobacter pylori infection is mostly a family-based infectious disease. To facilitate its prevention and management, a national consensus meeting was held to review current evidence and propose strategies for population-wide and family-based H. pylori infection control and management to reduce the related disease burden. METHODS: Fifty-seven experts from 41 major universities and institutions in 20 provinces/regions of mainland China were invited to review evidence and modify statements using Delphi process and grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation system. The consensus level was defined as ≥80% for agreement on the proposed statements. RESULTS: Experts discussed and modified the original 23 statements on family-based H. pylori infection transmission, control and management, and reached consensus on 16 statements. The final report consists of three parts: (1) H. pylori infection and transmission among family members, (2) prevention and management of H. pylori infection in children and elderly people within households, and (3) strategies for prevention and management of H. pylori infection for family members. In addition to the 'test-and-treat' and 'screen-and-treat' strategies, this consensus also introduced a novel third 'family-based H. pylori infection control and management' strategy to prevent its intrafamilial transmission and development of related diseases. CONCLUSION: H. pylori is transmissible from person to person, and among family members. A family-based H. pylori prevention and eradication strategy would be a suitable approach to prevent its intra-familial transmission and related diseases. The notion and practice would be beneficial not only for Chinese residents but also valuable as a reference for other highly infected areas.

Donor-Acceptor Hybrid Heterostructures: An Emerging Class of Photoactive Materials with Inorganic and Organic Semiconductive Components.

Just as the heterojunctions in physics, donor-acceptor (D-A) heterostructures are an emerging class of photoactive materials fabricated from two semiconductive components at the molecular level. Among them, D-A hybrid heterostructures from organic and inorganic semiconductive components have attracted extensive attention in the past decades due to their combined advantages of high stability for the inorganic semiconductors and modifiability for the organic semiconductors, which are particularly beneficial to efficiently achieve photoinduced charge separation and transfer upon irradiations. In this review, by analogy with the heterojunctions in physics, a definition of the D-A heterostructures and their general design and synthetic strategies are given. Meanwhile, the D-A hybrid heterostructures are focused on and their recent advances in potential applications of photochromism, photomodulated luminescence, and photocatalysis summarized.

Phylogenetic analysis and character evolution of tribe Arethuseae (Orchidaceae) reveal a new genus Mengzia.

Delimitation of the tribe Arethuseae has varied considerably since it was first defined. The relationships within Arethuseae, particularly within the subtribe Arethusinae, remain poorly elucidated. In this study, we reconstructed the phylogeny of Arethuseae, using six plastid markers (matK, ycf1, rbcL rpoc1, rpl32-trnL and trnL-F) from 83 taxa. The ancestral state reconstruction of 11 selected morphological characters was also conducted to identify synapomorphies and assess potential evolutionary transitions. Morphological character comparision between the distinct species Bletilla foliosa and other species are conducted. Our results unequivocally supported the monophyly of Arethuseae, which included highly supported clades and a clear synapomorphy of non-trichome-like lamellae. Furthermore, B. foliosa formed a separate clade in the subtribe Arethusinae, instead of clustering with the other Bletilla species in the subtribe Coelogyninae. The morphological characters comparision further showed that the B. foliosa clade could be distinguished from other genera in Arethuseae by multiple characters, including presence of lateral inflorescence, three lamellae with trichome-like apex and four pollinia. In light of these molecular and morphological evidences, we propose Mengzia as a new genus to accommodate B. foliosa and accordingly provide descriptions of this new genus and combination.

Fulvivirga marina sp. nov. and Fulvivirga sediminis sp. nov., two novel Bacteroidetes isolated from the marine sediment.

Two novel, designated strains 29W222T and 2943T, were isolated from the marine sediment from Aoshan Bay, Jimo, PR China. Growth was observed at pH 6.0-8.5 (optimum, pH 7.5) for strain 29W222T, and pH 5.5-8.5 (pH 7.0) for strain 2943T. Both strains displayed growth in 0.5-6 % NaCl with an optimum at 1 % for 29W222T; 0.5 % for 2943T. Both strains grew optimally at 33 °C. The results of phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that 29W222T and 2943T represented members of the genus Fulvivirga and strain 29W222T was most closely related to Fulvivirga kasyanovii KMM 6220T (97.9 % sequence similarity) and Fulvivirga imtechensis AK7T (95.0 %), and 2943T to Fulvivirga imtechensis AK7T (95.7 %) and Fulvivirga kasyanovii KMM 6220T (94.8 %). The genomic DNA G+C contents of 29W222T and 2943T were 39.9 and 37.7 mol%, respectively. The results of chemotaxonomic analysis indicated that the sole respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7), and the major fatty acid was iso-C15 : 0 for both strains. Average nucleotide identity and average amino acid identity values between strain 29W222T and Fulvivirga kasyanovii KMM 6220T were 78.9 and 83.6 %, respectively; the corresponding values between 2943T and Fulvivirga imtechensis AK7T were 69.8 and 63.6 %, respectively. Therefore, strains 29W222T and 2943T represent to two novel species of the genus Fulvivirga, for which the names Fulvivirga marina sp. nov. (29W222T=KCTC 62848T=MCCC 1K05194T) and Fulvivirga sediminis sp. nov. (2943T=KCTC 62847T= MCCC 1K05144T) are proposed, respectively.

Photochromic Polyoxometalate/Perylenediimide Donor-Acceptor Hybrid Crystals with Interesting Luminescent Properties.

The self-assembly of electron-deficient protonated N, N'-dipyridyltetrachloroperylenediimide (4Cl-DPPDI) and electron-rich polyoxometalate acids HnXM12O40 (POMs; X = P or Si; M = W or Mo) resulted in four isomorphous donor-acceptor hybrid crystals 1-4 with segregated POM anions and one-dimensional racemic hydrogen-bonded 4Cl-DPPDI networks as electron-donor and -acceptor components, respectively. Because of the compact contacts between the POM anions and 4Cl-DPPDI tectons induced by anion-π interactions, besides enhanced photochromism, these four unique isostructural hybrids exhibited unusual room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) emissions. More interestingly, owing to the facial compact contacts of two racemic 4Cl-DPPDI tectons induced by lone pair-π-assisted π-π interactions, they also showed unprecedented photon upconversion by triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA).