Detection of Toxoplasma gondii B1 Gene and IgM in IgG Seropositive Pregnant Women.

BACKGROUND: The onset of acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women may pose a risk to their growing fetuses. The timely diagnosis of infection in managing the disease and preventing its harmful consequences on the fetus is very important. Therefore, the study was conducted to identify acute toxoplasmosis in the pregnant women by detecting the specific IgM antibody and Toxoplasma gondii B1 gene. METHODS: A total of 653 serum samples of women who attended to Fatemieh Hospital of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences were tested for IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii by enzyme-linked immunosorbent as-say (ELISA). The IgG positive specimens were further examined for IgM by ELISA and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for B1 gene. In the second phase, change in IgG titers was evaluated on 47 IgG positive samples after two weeks. RESULTS: ELISA data showed that 167 out of 653 and 2 out of 167 samples were positive for IgG (25.6%) and IgM (1.2%), respectively. However, PCR detection showed that 36 cases (21.6%) were positive for the B1 gene. Seven out of 47 IgG positive samples showed an increase in the antibody titer and positive for the B1 gene. The most cases of IgG positives and the B1 gene samples were associated with the third trimester of pregnancy with 49.7% and 14%, respectively, and the most common abundance of the B1 gene was 14.4% in the age group of 26 - 35. The most commonly reported clinical symptoms in the B1 gene-positive women were nausea 15 (41.7%), cough 13 (36.1%), headache 12 (33.3%), and vomiting 11 (30.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Using PCR and the B1 gene in serum samples of pregnant women to detect acute toxoplasmosis is a more appropriate and accurate method than IgM antibody.

Effects of gelatin prepared from calf bones rich in phosphorus on broiler performance, bone characteristics and digestive enzymes activity.

1. Gelatin prepared from calf bones (GCB) is a novel source of high-quality protein and phosphorus. Its inclusion in broiler chicken diets may improve bone strength, plasma and digestive alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), phosphorus digestibility and performance of broilers. Therefore, di-calcium phosphate in a corn-soy control diet was replaced with 12, 24, and 36 g/kg of GCB in a completely randomised design with four treatments of six replicates and 10 chicks in each pen. The trial lasted from 1 to 42 d of age. 2. Body weight and feed intake were measured weekly. Plasma calcium and phosphorus concentration along with plasma and digestive ALP were assayed throughout the trial. Trypsin, α-amylase, lipase and total protease activity were assayed at 14 and 28 d of age. Tibia ash, calcium and phosphorus content and breaking strength were measured at 14, 28 and 42 d of age. Phosphorus digestibility was measured at 36 d of age. 3. Body weight and feed intake showed no significant differences between controls and diets containing 12 and 36 g/kg GCB. Tibia ash and tibia length were increased by supplementation of GCB (P ≤ 0.001). Tibia calcium and phosphorus content were increased by GCB inclusion at 14 d of age (P ≤ 0.001). Digestive alkaline phosphatase activity was increased and trypsin activity was reduced by inclusion of GCB (P ≤ 0.001; P ≤ 0.004). α-amylase activity decreased by inclusion of 12 and 24 g/kg GCB, whereas an increase in α-amylase activity was observed by inclusion of 36 g/kg GCB (P ≤ 0.001). Supplementation of diets with GCB increased phosphorus digestibility (P ≤ 0.01) and suppressed ileum growth during the experimental period. 4. Results of the current study showed that phosphorus from gelatin can greatly improve broiler bone characteristics and phosphorus digestibility and complete elimination of inorganic phosphate sources from broiler diets is feasible with inclusion of 36 g/kg high phosphorus gelatin.

The relationship between serum levels of vitamin D with asthma and its symptom severity: A case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterised by chronic inflammatory airways, and is affected by several immunological factors. One of the most discussed and researched hypotheses is the relationship between vitamin D serum levels with asthma. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between vitamin D serum levels with asthma and pulmonary functions in children in Kurdistan province, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this case-control study, 120 children ranging from 6 to 18 years were referred in summer for investigation. Participants were divided into two groups: asthma group, N=60; and control group, N=60. After serum separation, samples were analysed using vitamin D ELISA kit. Additionally, pulmonary function test and serum IgE levels were measured in both groups. Data were analysed using Chi-square test and multiple regression analysis in SPSS15. RESULTS: No difference was shown between the groups in terms of gender composition (male: 57.5; female: 42.5) (P>0.05). Average Vitamin D serum level in the case group (17.98±8.68) was less than in control group (22.35±6.26) (P<0.01). In addition, the difference of vitamin D deficiency in level of suboptimal between the asthma (17.77±6.41) and the control group (24.9±3.18) was statistically significant (P<0.0001). Positive correlation existed between vitamin D levels with FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC. Multiple regression analysis showed a reverse relationship between vitamin D levels with IgE serum levels; this remained after adjustment for potential confounders (e.g. age, sex, BMI, FEV1, and FVC). CONCLUSION: The results showed that serum levels of vitamin D in asthma patients were less than in healthy people, and also reduced lung function in these patients. So, the serum levels of vitamin D in asthma patients must be checked continuously.

HLA class II susceptibility pattern for type 1 diabetes (T1D) in an Iranian population.

This study aimed to determine the HLA-DRB1/HLA-DQB1 susceptibility and protection pattern for type 1 diabetes (T1D) in a population from Hamadan, north-west of Iran. A total of 133 patients with T1D were tested for HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 alleles using PCR-SSP compared to 100 ethnic-matched healthy controls. Alleles and haplotypes frequencies were compared between both groups. The most susceptible alleles for disease were HLA-DRB1*03:01, DRB1*04:02, DQB1*02:01 and DQB1*03:02, and protective alleles were HLA-DRB1*07:01, *11:01, *13:01, *14:01 and DRB1*15 and HLA-DQB1*06:01, *06:02 and *06:03. Haplotype analysis revealed that patients with T1D had higher frequencies of DRB1*03:01-DQB1*02:01 (OR = 4.86, P < 10(-7) ) and DRB1*04:02-DQB1*03:02 (OR = 9.93, P < 10(-7) ) and lower frequencies of DRB1*07:01-DQB1*02:01 (P = 0.0005), DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01 (P = 0.001), DRB1*13:01-DQB1*06:03 (P = 0.002) and DRB1*15-DQB1*06:01 (P = 0.001) haplotypes compared to healthy controls. Heterozygote combination of both susceptible haplotypes (DR3/DR4) confers the highest risk for T1D (RR = 18.80, P = 4 × 10(-5) ). Additionally, patients with homozygote diplotype, DR3/DR3 and DR4/DR4, showed a similar risk with less extent to heterozygote combination (P = 0.0004 and P = 0.01, respectively). Our findings not only confirm earlier reports from Iranians but also are in line with Caucasians and partly with Asians and some African patients with T1D. Remarkable differences were the identification of DRB1*04:01-DQB1*03:02, DRB1*07:01-DQB1*03:03 and DRB1*16-DQB1*05:02 as neutral and DRB1*13:01-DQB1*06:03 as the most protective haplotypes in this study.

Comparative trial of Aloe vera/olive oil combination cream versus phenytoin cream in the treatment of chronic wounds.

OBJECTIVE: Aloe vera is a medicinal plant that has been traditionally used to accelerate wound healing. Olive oil is also a natural product that may contribute to wound healing owing to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of an Aloe vera-olive oil (AVO) combination cream on the healing process of chronic wounds. METHOD: In this randomised, double-blind, comparator-controlled, parallel-group trial, patients with chronic wounds were treated with either AVO cream or phenytoin cream as the standard treatment for a period of 30 days. Wound healing was evaluated using Bates-Jensen assessment tool and the severity of pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS). RESULTS: After initial assessment, 60 patients with chronic wounds (41 with pressure ulcer, 13 with diabetic wounds and 6 with venous ulcers), were recruited and randomised into 2 groups of 30. After 30 days of treatment, significant improvements in the wound size, depth, and edges; necrotic tissue type and amount; exudate type and amount; colour of wound surroundings; and peripheral tissue oedema score were observed in the AVO cream group (p<0.001). The total score of wound healing showed significant improvement with both AVO (p<0.001) and phenytoin (p<0.01) creams, although AVO was more efficacious (p<0.001). Likewise, although both treatments reduced the initial VAS score, the efficacy of AVO was significantly greater (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: AVO cream significantly accelerates biological healing of chronic wounds and helps to reduce pain severity with a higher efficacy compared with phenytoin cream.

Assay of IL-22 and IL-25 in serum, whole blood, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures of patients with severe asthma.

BACKGROUND: Although some studies show that IL-22 and IL-25 play critical roles in the pathogenesis of asthma, little is known about the systemic production of these cytokines. The aim of this study was to assay IL-22 and IL-25 in serum, in mitogen-activated whole blood (WB), and in mitogen-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures of patients with severe asthma. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was prepared to determine the severity of asthma. Through the questionnaire, information including clinical signs, clinical symptoms, and past medical history were acquired. Information collected allowed all patients who were active or ex-smokers to be excluded. A trained observer assessed airway reversibility, peak flowmetry, and spirometry in the remaining patients. Twenty-one patients and simultaneously, twenty age- and sex-matched healthy controls were selected. Sterile blood (10ml) was taken from each study participant. Sera were isolated and anticoagulant blood used for WB and PBMC cultures and haematological tests. Phytohaemagglutinin and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used to activate WB and PBMC. The data from these two groups were compared using Student's t-test. RESULTS: Although the total white blood cell count was elevated in the asthmatic group, other haematological indices, including IL-22 and IL-25 levels in the asthmatic group were not significantly (p>0.05) different from controls. CONCLUSIONS: The levels of IL-22 and IL-25 in patients with severe asthma are no higher than those of non-asthmatic individuals. Any major role for IL-22 and IL-25 in severe asthma is likely to be localised to the lungs and bronchial tissues.

Life parameters of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) on six common bean cultivars.

It is well recognized that the quality of host plants affects the development and survival of twospotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch. The life table parameters of T. urticae, on six cultivars of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (chiti Khomein, chiti Ks21189, red Akhtar, red Ks31169, white Pak, and white G11867) were studied at constant laboratory conditions (27 +/- 2 degrees C, 70 +/- 5% RH and 16:8 L:D). Total development times of immature males and females were significantly influenced by bean cultivar. T. urticae laid significantly more eggs per day on red Akhtar (16.16) than on the other cultivars. The mean generation time ranged from 23.37 to 34.82 d, and a significant varietal effect was seen. Percentage of egg hatchability oftwospotted spider mite ranged from 88.25 to 94.20%. The highest intrinsic rate of increase, was recorded on red Akhtar (0.269 +/- 0.031) and the lowest value was obtained on white Pak (0.129 +/- 0.048). In addition, net reproductive rate and finite rate of increase of the twospotted spider mite had the highest value on red Akhtar: 62.38 +/- 1.05 and 1.30 +/- 1.02, respectively. The lowest values of these parameters were recorded on white Pak as 26.11 +/- 1.40 and 1.13 +/- 1.10, respectively. Doubling time varied significantly on different cultivars and the lowest and highest values were obtained on red Akhtar and white Pak, respectively. Our findings revealed that white beans (Pak and G11867) were less suitable cultivars, suggesting that they are more resistant to the twospotted spider mite than the other cultivars.

Evaluation of death pathway genes FAS and FASL polymorphisms in chronic HBV infection.

This study was designed to determine the possible asssociation between selected FAS and FASLG polymorphisms and Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. FAS-670 G/A, FAS-1377 G/A, FASLG-844 T/C and FASLG IVS2nt-124 A/G polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). A total of age and sex matched 108 controls and a hundred chronic HBV patients were recruited to conduct a case-control study. FAS-670 polymorphism was associated with chronic HBV infection (P = 0.03) FAS-1377 GG, GA and AA genotypes among the cases (90%, 5% and 5%, respectively) were significantly different from those among the controls (68%, 31.5% and 5.6%; P = 0.00). FASLG-844 allele distribution was similar between the groups (P = 0.17) but TC genotype (67.3%) was frequent in chronic HBV patients, while CC genotype was found significantly higher (29.6%) in controls. No association between FASLG IVS2nt-124 polymorphism and chronic HBV infection could be identified (P = 0.55). FAS-670 polymorphism is associated with chronic HBV infection, while FASLG IVS2nt-124 A/G polymorphism is not. The FAS-1377G/A and FASLG-844 T/C genotypes are likely to play a substantial role in HBV infection. Further studies evaluating polymorphisms in other genes related with apoptosis are needed to elucidate the role of genetic variation in HBV infection.

Spectrum of mutations in the familial Mediterranean fever gene (MEFV) in Turkish patients of the Central Anatolia region: a comparison of two mutation detection system.

The purpose of this study was to determine the spectrum of the most common mutations in the familial Mediterranean fever gene (MEFV) in Turkish patients from the Central Anatolia region, by using two different methods for detecting FMF-associated mutations with different screening panels, and compare our results with other diagnostic molecular genetics centers. A total of 1579 patients were analyzed. Genomic DNA from 304 patients was tested for 6 common mutations located in exon 2 (E148Q), and exon 10 (M680I, M694V, M694I, V726A, R761H) by real-time PCR while 1275 patients were tested for 17 mutations located in exon 2 (E148Q), and exon10 [M680I (G/C), M680I (G/A), I692del, M694V, M694I, K695R, V726A, S675N, G678E, M680L, T681I, M694L, K695M, R717S, I720M, V722M] by pyrosequencing. The most frequent mutation was M694V, followed by M680I, E148Q, and V726A. Ten mutations in the panel were not detected in any patients. Finally, we compared our results with those of other centers in Turkey to contribute to the identified spectrum of Turkish MEFV mutations and we discuss which MEFV mutations are informative for evaluating an FMF patient.

Stroke Classification with Microwave Signals using Explainable Wavelet Convolutional Neural Network.

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability. To address this challenge, microwave imaging has been proposed as a portable medical imaging modality. However, accurate stroke classification using microwave signals is still an open challenge. In addition, identified features of microwave signals used for stroke classification need to be linked back to the original data. This work attempts to address these issues by proposing a wavelet convolutional neural network (CNN), which combines multiresolution analysis and CNN to learn distinctive patterns in the scalogram for accurate classification. A game theoretic approach is used to explain the model and indicate distinctive features for discriminating stroke types. The proposed algorithm is tested in simulation and experiments. Different types of noise and manufacturing tolerances are modeled using data collected from healthy human trials and added to the simulation data to bridge the gap between the simulation and real-life data. The achieved classification accuracy using the proposed method ranges from 81.7% for 3D simulations to 95.7% for lab experiments using simple head phantoms. Obtained explanations using the method indicate the relevance of wavelet coefficients on frequencies 0.95-1.45 GHz and the time slot of 1.3 to 1.7 ns for distinguishing ischemic from hemorrhagic strokes.

Warburg micro syndrome in two children from a highly inbred Turkish family.

Warburg Micro syndrome (WMS) was first reported by Warburg in 1993. The cardinal features are microcephaly, microphthalmia, congenital cataract and intellectual disability. We report on two children from a highly inbred family with microcephaly, congenital cataract, optic atrophy, hypotonia and severe psychomotor retardation. This phenotype is similar to other reported rare entities and especially to the family reported by Warburg. Four other children in the same family may also have been affected. In this report, the symptoms and features of our cases are compared with the Warburg Micro syndrome patients in literature.

Cognitive deficit in first-time coronary artery bypass graft patients: a randomized clinical trial of lidocaine versus procaine hydrochloride.

INTRODUCTION: Cognitive dysfunction increasingly has been recognized as a complication after cardiac surgery. Different methods have been considered for the reduction of cognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery. One of these methods is by using lidocaine during surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of adding lidocaine to the cardioplegia solution on cognitive impairment after coronary artery surgery. DESIGN AND METHODS: In a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial, 110 patients aged between 20-70 years, scheduled for elective CABG surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass, were recruited into the study. They were randomized into two groups who received either cardioplegia solution containing lidocaine 2 mg/kg or procaine hydrochloride 5 mg/kg. The neurocognitive test used in this study was the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) or Folstein test. The test was done on the day before and 10 days and 2 months after the operation. RESULTS: In the procaine group, the total score after 10 days decreased significantly compared to the preoperative score (mean difference 0.68; 95% CI: 0.20 to 1.17, p=0.006). Comparison between mean differences after 10 and 60 days of operation between the lidocaine and procaine groups were statistically significant, p-value 0.017 and 0.013, respectively. There was no cognitive impairment in the lidocaine group, but, in the procaine group, four patients (7.7%) after 10 days and one patient (1.9%) after both 10 and 60 days had cognitive impairment, p=0.051. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of lidocaine compared to that of procaine through the cardioplegia solution had a better effect on cognitive function after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

Compensatory growth in juvenile roach Rutilus caspicus: effect of starvation and re-feeding on growth and digestive surface area.

The aim of this study was to investigate compensatory growth in juvenile Rutilus caspicus during starvation and re-feeding periods. The results confirmed the existence of compensatory growth in R. caspicus which depended on the duration of food deprivation. Complete compensatory growth occurred in the fish that were food deprived for at least 3 weeks. Starvation and re-feeding had no significant effect on the digestive somatic index and intestinal surface areas in the fish that were food deprived for 1 week, while they showed a significant decrease and increase, during starvation and re-feeding in the fish that were food deprived for 2 and 3 weeks. This knowledge may have application in aquaculture, as appropriate exploitation of compensatory growth can give increased growth rate and feeding efficiency.

Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis caused by Bipolaris spicifera after heart transplantation.

Phaeohyphomycosis is an increasingly recognized cause of brain abscess in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. We report a case of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in a 55-year-old male heart transplant recipient caused by Bipolaris spicifera. We review the literature regarding the pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of infections with dematiaceous fungi.

Effect of mobile phone station on micronucleus frequency and chromosomal aberrations in human blood cells.

The use of mobile telephones has rapidly increased worldwide as well as the number of mobile phone base stations that lead to rise low level radiofrequency emissions which may in turn have possible harm for human health. The national radiation protection board has published the known effects of radio waves exposure on humans living close to mobile phone base stations. However, several studies have claimed that the base station has detrimental effects on different tissues. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of mobile phone base stations on the micronucleus (MN) frequency and chromosomal aberrations on blood in people who were living around mobile phone base stations and healthy controls. Frequency of MN and chromosomal aberrations in study and control groups was 8.96 +/- 3.51 and 6.97 +/- 1.52 (p: 0.16); 0.36 +/- 0.31 and 0.75 +/- 0.61 (p: 0.07), respectively. Our results show that there was not a significant difference of MN frequency and chromosomal aberrations between the two study groups. The results claim that cellular phones and their base stations do not produce important carcinogenic changes.

Reduced susceptibility of Burkholderia pseudomallei following exposure to carbapenem.

Reduced susceptibility in Burkholderia pseudomallei during carbapenem therapy may lead to treatment failure. We isolated a clinical strain that had developed reduced susceptibility to carbapenems while on treatment. After reviewing the patient's clinical notes, the initial isolate (BUPS01/14) was exposed to carbapenem in vitro to mimic the clinical scenario. The stability of susceptibility of the carbapenem-exposed strain (BUPS01/14R) was examined by serial subculture in antibiotic-free broth. Biochemical and morphological comparison was performed by the VITEK® system and electron microscopy. MICs increased 32-fold following carbapenem exposure and became stable in the antibiotic-free environment. On electron microscopic examination, the BUPS01/14R cells were smoother and less wrinkled compared to BUPS01/14 cells. This report highlights a potential anti-melioidosis treatment failure due to the emergence of resistance while on carbapenem monotherapy. Further study of this strain is necessary to understand the mechanism of resistance at a molecular level.

Analytical modelling of Kirschner wires in Ilizarov circular external fixator as pretensioned slender beams.

Transfixing thin Kirschner wires (K-wires) are the key components of the Ilizarov fixator regarding its axial stiffness, which affects the mechanobiological environment in which bone is healed. Mechanically speaking, K-wires are slender beams that are axially tensioned, then fixed and transversely loaded. The existing solutions to such a problem either do not accommodate any axial loading prior to transverse loading, or do not account for the change in the axial load (reaction) due to transverse loading. Their applicability is also limited vis-à-vis applied loads and beam dimensions. This work seeks to address those problems by providing a mathematical formulation for a pretensioned slender beam that accounts for the change in the beam tension due to lateral loading. Central loading of a pretensioned beam was studied and new polynomial equations have been derived, the roots of which yield the final tension for a (i) long, slender and heavily loaded beam and (ii) relatively thicker beam subjected to a lower load. Results were produced and discussed for the specific application of pretensioned K-wires in circular (ring) external fixators in orthopaedics (such as Ilizarov's), which were checked (validated) via two- and three-dimensional finite-element analyses.

Assessment of digestive enzymes activity during the fry development of the endangered Caspian brown trout Salmo caspius.

The study of digestive enzymes activity at Salmo caspius fry showed that enzymes were available at the moment of mouth opening on the first day post hatching (dph) and the activity of enzymes showed no significant difference from the hatching day 28 dph. An increased activity was seen between 32 and 43 dph and this activity was significantly higher than the activity during the first 28 days. In the primary stages after yolk sac resorption (43-58 dph), enzymes activity showed an increased profile, however none of them showed a significant difference between 43 and 58 dph.

Multiple Sclerosis Lesions Segmentation in Magnetic Resonance Imaging using Ensemble Support Vector Machine (ESVM).

BACKGROUND: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) syndrome is a type of Immune-Mediated disorder in the central nervous system (CNS) which destroys myelin sheaths, and results in plaque (lesion) formation in the brain. From the clinical point of view, investigating and monitoring information such as position, volume, number, and changes of these plaques are integral parts of the controlling process this disease over a period. Visualizing MS lesions in vivo with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has a key role in observing the course of the disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this analytical study, two different processing methods were present in this study in order to make an effort to detect and localize lesions in the patients' FLAIR (Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery) images. Segmentation was performed using Ensemble Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification. The trained data was randomly divided into five equal sections, and each section was fed into the computer as an input to one of the SVM classifiers that led to five different SVM structures. RESULTS: To evaluate results of segmentation, some criteria have been investigated such as Dice, Jaccard, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and accuracy. Both modes of ESVM, including first and second ones have similar results. Dice criterion was satisfied much better with specialist's work and it is observed that Dice average has 0.57±.15 and 0.6±.12 values in the first and second approach, respectively. CONCLUSION: An acceptable overlap between those results reported by the neurologist and the ones obtained from the automatic segmentation algorithm was reached using an appropriate pre-processing in the proposed algorithm. Post-processing analysis further reduced false positives using morphological operations and also improved the evaluation criteria, including sensitivity and positive predictive value.

EVALUATING SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE TO WI-FI SIGNALS ON STUDENTS' REACTION TIME, SHORT-TERM MEMORY AND REASONING ABILITY.

This study investigated the effect of short-term exposure to Wi-Fi signals on the cognitive functions of the mind. After obtaining permission from the local Ethics Committee of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and approval by the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT2017041233398N1), 45 male and female students from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences volunteered to participate in this study. They were exposed to Wi-Fi signals in two sham and exposure sessions, each for 2 hours. After completion, they took part in reaction time, short-term memory, and reasoning ability tests. After scoring, the data were analysed by SPSS software. In addition, the electric field strength and power density were calculated. The results showed no statistically significant differences between the mean scores of reaction time, short-term memory, and reasoning ability in sham and exposure. Also, the obtained values from the electric field strength and power density (E = 4.1 Vm-1, P = 0.446 Wm-2) were lower than that of threshold values by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). Our results can greatly reduce concerns regarding the effects of short-term exposure to Wi-Fi waves on cognitive functions.