[Triterpenoids from leaves of Ilex guayusa].

The chemical constituents from the leaves of Ilex guayusa were investigated. Sixteen triterpenoids were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of dried leaves of I. guayusa by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and ODS column chromatographies and semi-prepa-rative HPLC. Those triterpenoids were identified by NMR, HR-MS, and literature analysis: 3ß-hydroxy-11α,12α-epoxy-24-nor-urs-4(23)-ene-28,13ß-olide(1), 3ß-hydroxy-24-nor-4(23),12-oleanadien-28-methyl ester(2), oleanolic acid(3), 3ß,28-dihydroxy-12-oleanene(4), 2α,3ß-dihydroxy-11α,12α-epoxy-24-'nor-olean-4(23)-ene-28,13ß-olide(5), ursolic acid(6), 3ß,23-dihydroxy ursolic acid(7), 3ß,28-dihydroxy-12-ursene(8), 3ß-28-nor-urs-12-ene-3,17-diol(9), 3ß-hydroxyurs-11-ene-28,13ß-olide(10), 13ß,28-epoxy-3ß-hydroxy-11-ursene(11), 3ß-hydroxy-28,28-dimethoxy-12-ursene(12), 3ß-hydroxy-24-nor-urs-4(23),12-dien-28-oic acid(13), 3ß-hydroxy-24-nor-urs-4(23),12-dien-28-methyl ester(14), 2α,3ß-dihydroxy-11α,12α-epoxy-24-nor-urs-4(23)-ene-28,13ß-olide(15) and 2α,3ß-dihydroxy-11α,12α-epoxy-24-nor-urs-4(23),20(30)-dien-28,13ß-olide(16). Compounds 1-2 were new compounds, and compounds 4-5, 7 and 9-16 were isolated from I. guayusa for the first time.

Myrcaulones A-C, Unusual Rearranged Triketone-Terpene Adducts from Myrciaria cauliflora.

Three rearranged triketone-terpene adducts, myrcaulones A-C (1-3), were isolated from the leaves of Myrciaria cauliflora. Myrcaulones A (1) and B (2) feature a new carbon skeleton with an unprecedented spiro[bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane-2,2'-cyclopenta[b]pyran] core. Myrcaulone C (3) possesses an unusual cyclobuta[6,7]cyclonona[1,2-b]cyclopenta[e]pyran backbone. Their structures with absolute configurations were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and electronic circular dichroism calculations. A plausible biogenetic pathway for myrcaulones A-C involving the rearrangement of a triketone unit is also proposed. In addition, myrcaulones A (1) and B (2) exhibited inhibitory effects against tumor necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide generation induced by lipopolysaccharide in RAW 264.7 macrophages.

[UPLC characteristic fingerprint and chemical pattern recognition of Angong Niuhuang Pills].

To establish the UPLC fingerprint of Zhongyi Angong Niuhuang Pills, in order to evaluate its quality by chemical pattern recognition. The method was developed on a column of Poroshell 120 EC-C_(18), with methanol-0.1% formic acid solution as the mobile phase for gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.4 mL·min~(-1). The column temperature was 30 ℃,and the detective wavelength was 254 nm. The similarity of 24 batches of Angong Niuhuang Pills was compared by using Traditional Chinese Medicine Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System(2004 A). Hydrophobic cluster analysis,principal components analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis were conducted by using SIMCA 13.0 software to investigate different components among these products. The UPLC characteristic fingerprint was established in this study. And 17 common peaks were identified by standard reference and UPLC-MS. The similarity of 24 batches samples were above 0.980,which can be classified into three categories for pattern recognition. Baicalin,berberine,jatrorrhizine,wogonin and wogonoside were identified as the main markers that cause differences of various batches. The method is simple,rapid,accurate and reproducible,and can provide scientific basis for improving the quality standard of Zhongyi Angong Niuhuang Pills.

[UPLC characteristic fingerprint of leaves of Moringa oleifera].

This study aims to establish the characteristic fingerprint of the leaves of Moringa oleifera by Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) for its quality control. The method was developed on a column of Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 with acetonitrile-0.01% TFA solution as the mobile phase by gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.5 mL·min⁻¹. The detective wavelength was 210 nm, and the column temperature was 35 °C. The 14 batches of the leaves of M. oleifera were compared for the similarity by using Traditional Chinese Medicine Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System (2004A). The UPLC characteristic fingerprint was established, and twelve common peaks were identified by comparison with the references and UPLC-MS. The relative retention times were 0.08 (No. 1, adenosine), 0.14 (No. 2, L-phenylalanine), 0.22 (No. 3, 5-caffeoylquinic acid), 0.28 (No. 4, L-tryptophane), 0.42 (No. 5, 4-caffeoylquinic acid), 0.65 (No. 6, vicenin-2), 0.94 (No. 7, vitexin), 0.96 (No. 8, isovitexin), 1.00 (No. 9, isoquercitrin), 1.11 [No. 10, quercetin 3-O-ß-D-(6"-malonyl)-glucopyranoside], 1.21 (No. 11, astragalin) and 1.37 [No. 12, kaempferol 3-O-ß-D-(6"-malonyl)-glucopyranoside]. It is the first time to establish the UPLC characteristic fingerprint of the leaves of M. oleifera. The method is simple, quick and reproducible with high precision, which can provide a scientific basis for the quality control of the leaves of M. oleifera.