Intranasal endoscopic prelacrimal recess approach for maxillary sinus inverted papilloma.

PURPOSE: This study aims to determine the indications and effectiveness of transnasal endoscopic prelacrimal recess approach (PLRA) in patients with maxillary sinus inverted papilloma (IP). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 71 patients treated in our institution for maxillary sinus IP between August 2008 and April 2015. 20 patients underwent endoscopic surgery via PLRA. All the patients who had postoperative follow-up for 3 years were enrolled. Demographic data, surgical technique, location of IP attachment, intra- and postoperative complications, follow-up duration and recurrence were recorded. RESULTS: The outpatient follow-up period was 3-10 years after surgery. Recurrence of IP was seen in 6 (8.5%) of 71 patients, including 1 patient in the PLRA group. The recurrence rate was 5% in the PLRA group. Six of 71 patients experienced postoperative complications, but none was observed in the PLRA group. CONCLUSION: Transnasal endoscopic PLRA is a minimally invasive, safe and effective method for maxillary sinus IP. The indication for PLRA is tumor pedicle located on the antero-inferior or infero-lateral wall or at multiple attachment sites of the maxillary sinus.

ELF1 Transcription Factor Enhances the Progression of Glioma via ATF5 promoter.

A key transcriptional activator, activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5), is aberrantly overexpressed in glioma and supports both poor prognosis and antiapototic potential. Unfortunately, data on ATF5 is largely based on its regulatory mechanism. Further investigation of the upstream regulatory factor for ATF5 transcription in glioma is required. Clinical data for patients with diagnosed glioma were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Additionally, transcription factors potentially regulating the ATF5 promoter in glioma were screened with bioinformatics. A further experimental study was performed to investigate both the role of E74-like factor 1 (ELF1) and the binding of ELF1 and the ATF5 promoter in glioma. We show that ATF5 expression is upregulated in glioma tissues and associated with tumor malignancy and worse prognosis. As a putative upstream regulator, silencing ELF1 inhibits glioma cell growth and migration with ATF5 involvement. Moreover, ELF1 upregulation is also associated with poor prognosis in glioma. Importantly, the luciferase assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) reveal that the ATF5 gene promoter is essential for ELF1-dependent activation of ATF5 gene transcription. These results indicate that a high expression of ELF1 may be related to the malignant behavior of human glioma and ELF1 promotes glioma development mediated by transactivation of the ATF5 gene.

Correlation of NUF2 Overexpression with Poorer Patient Survival in Multiple Cancers.

PURPOSE: NUF2 has been implicated in multiple cancers recently, suggesting NUF2 may play a role in the common tumorigenesis process. In this study, we aim to perform comprehensive meta-analysis of NUF2 expression in the cancer types included in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: RNA-sequencing data in 31 cancer types in the TCGA data and 11 independent datasets were used to examine NUF2 expression. Silencing NUF2 using targeting shRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines was used to evaluate NUF2's role in HCC in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: NUF2 up-regulation is significantly observed in 23 out of the 31 cancer types in the TCGA datasets and validated in 13 major cancer types using 11 independent datasets. NUF2 overexpression was clinically important as high NUF2 was significantly associated with tumor stages in eight different cancers. High NUF2 was also associated with significantly poorer patient overall survival and disease-free survival in eight and six cancers, respectively. We proceeded to validate NUF2 overexpression and its negative association with overall survival at the protein level in an independent cohort of 40 HCC patients. Compared to the non-targeting controls, NUF2 knockdown cells showed significantly reduced ability to grow, migrate into a scratch wound and invade the 8 µm porous membrane in vitro. Moreover, NUF2 knockdown cells also formed significantly smaller tumors than control cells in mouse xenograft assays in vivo. CONCLUSION: NUF2 up-regulation is a common feature of many cancers. The prognostic potential and functional impact of NUF2 up-regulation warrant further studies.

Desloratadine Ameliorates Olfactory Disorder and Suppresses AMPA Receptor GluA1 Expression in Allergic Rhinitis Rat.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an IgE-mediated inflammation which causes olfactory dysfunction. Antihistamines have been widely used to treat AR while few studies have investigated the effect of antihistamines on improving the sense of smell. In addition, the underlying mechanisms are not well elucidated. We established the ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis rat model and administrated desloratadine to AR rats. The AR symptoms, serum level of OVA-specific IgE and IL-17, and expression of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in nasal mucosa were measured. The olfactory dysfunction was monitored by buried food test and the expression of GluR1 was measured. Desloratadine treatment alleviated AR symptoms, decreased serum level of OVA-specific IgE and IL-17 in AR rats. Desloratadine decreased IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 expression in nasal mucosa of AR rats. Desloratadine ameliorated olfactory dysfunction in AR rats and decreased GluR1 expression in AR rats. Desloratadine treatment alleviated AR symptoms and ameliorated olfactory dysfunction in AR rats. The expression of AMPA receptor subunit GluR1 in olfactory bulb was associated with olfactory disorder.

RGS17 inhibits tumorigenesis and improves 5-fluorouracil sensitivity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a poorly differentiated malignant tumor, and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic drugs used for the treatment of NPC. Abnormal expression of RGS17 had been shown to improve the sensitivity of many cancers to chemotherapy; however, the effects of RGS17 on NPC remain unclear. METHODS: We cultured NPC cell lines and altered the RGS17 expression with vector. Subsequently colony formation assays and CCK8 cell viability assay was used to test the proliferation of NPC cells, flow cytometry was used to determine the percentage of apoptotic cells, MMP kit and flow cytometry was used to measure the mitochondrial membrane potential, and a xenograft tumour model was attached to investigate the effects of RGS17 on the growth of NPC cells in vivo. Additionally, RT-PCR and western blot was induced to examine the expression of RGS17 and the mechanism. RESULTS: Here, we report for the first time that RGS17 is downregulated in NPC cell lines and that RGS17 overexpression significantly reduces cell proliferation, decreases the mitochondrial membrane potential, and induces cell apoptosis in NPC cells. In vivo, RGS17 also inhibits the tumorigenicity of NPC. In addition, RGS17 could significantly improve the sensitivity of NPC cells to 5-FU. Furthermore, investigation into the underlying mechanisms showed that RGS17 upregulated the levels of IRE1α, p53, and active caspase-3 and cleaved PARP. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that RGS17 could play important roles in the proliferation, apoptosis, and chemotherapeutic sensitivity of NPC cells.

Endoscopic surgery of a sinonasal inverted papilloma: Surgical strategy, follow-up, and recurrence rate.

BACKGROUND: Sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP) is noted for its high rate of recurrence and malignant transformation. Although many clinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of the endoscopic approach for SNIP, the surgical strategy has been the subject of much debate. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the endoscopic endonasal approach in SNIP. METHODS: A systematic review of patients with a diagnosis of SNIP and who had surgery at our institution from June 2005 to March 2013 was performed. All the patients who had postoperative follow-up for >2 years were enrolled. Each case was categorized into one of four stages as reported by Krouse. Demographic and tumor date, operative approach, complications, and recurrence rates were collected. RESULTS: A total of 125 patients were included in this study. There were 17 patients in stage 1, 40 in stage 2, 57 in stage 3, and 11 in stage 4. The overall recurrence rate was 8.0%. There was no significant difference in recurrence among the stages (all p > 0.05). Recurrence after endoscopic endonasal approach (8.4%) and a combined endoscopic and open exposure procedure (5.6%) were not significantly different (p > 0.05). The recurrence rate was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in patients with revision (15.6%) than in patients in the primary cases (3.8%). A common site of tumor origin was recorded to be from the maxillary sinus (40.2%). Twenty percent of recurrences were observed up to 5 years after surgery. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic surgery may be preferred for treating SNIP. The elevated recurrence rate after revision emphasized the significance of the first surgery. We encourage a follow-up period of at least 5 years.

[Different intranasal corticosteroids effects on nasal airway remodeling of allergic rhinitis murine and matrix metalloproteinase-9].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the effect of different doses intranasal corticosteroids on remodeling of allergic rhinitis (AR) mice nasal mucosa and expression level of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). METHOD: Thirty BALB/c female mice were divided into five groups randomly and received OVA or normal saline (NS) with intraperitoneal injection or nasal challenge, respectively. The treatment groups received additional different doses of budesonide (0.6 µg/20 g, 3.0 µg/20 g and 15.0 µg/20 g) daily for 16 weeks. We assessed the nasal symptoms at 4 and 16 weeks. Collected the mice nasal tissue, and then stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's Trichrome, and periodic acid-schiff respectively to evaluate airway remodeling at 16 weeks. MMP-9 was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Result: Times of rubbing, sneezes and infiltrate of eosinophil increased more in B group than in A group, and subepithelial fibrosis, collagen deposition, goblet cell hyperplasia, and submucosal gland hypertrophy were only observed in B group at 16 weeks. The nasal symptoms and eosinophil infiltration were inhibited by treatment with budesonide from a dose of 0.6 µg onwards, while the prevention of structure changes was only observed with 3.0 µg onwards. In addition, intranasal budesonide reduced MMP-9 in the nasal of AR mice. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that higher dose intranasal corticosteroids might inhibit the airway remodeling of nasal mucosa by reducing MMP-9.

[Blood supply of the pedicle nasal septum mucosa flap of rabbit in experiment].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the blood supply of the pedicle nasal septum mucosa flap of rabbit, in order to supply the theory and experiment basis for making the pedicle nasal septum mucosa flap to repair nasal cavity and skull base defect. METHOD: Twenty rabbits corpses were induced into the experimental subject, and inject 5 ml blue ink into the external carotid artery, then longitudinal cut apart the middle head of rabbit, finally observe the blood supply of the pedicle nasal septum mucosa flap. RESULT: The blood supply of the pedicle nasal septum mucosa flap mostly come from the vessels of extremitas anterior part of nasal septum. CONCLUSION: Keep the he vessels of extremitas anterior part of nasal septum can guarantee the blood supply of mucous membrane, enhance the survival rate of nasal septum mucous membrane.

[Endoscopic endonasal approach resection for anterior skull base, pterygopalatine fossa and infratemporal fossa tumors: retrospective analysis of 73 patients].

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical experience with endoscopic transnasal resection of nasal skull- base neoplasms, which involved anterior skull base, pterygopalatine fossa, nfratemporal fossa. METHOD: Clinical data from 73 patients performed on endoscopic transnasal resection of nasal skull-base neoplasms were analyzed retrospectively. RESULT: Total tumor removal was obtained in 54 cases, subtotal removal in 19 cases. In 16 cases of benign tumor, the postoperative survival rate was 100%; Malignancy in 57 cases, of which 16 patients were died, and half-year survival rate was 71.9%. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic endonasal approach be able to fully reveal and re- moval of lesions involving the anterior skull base, pterygopalatine fossa and infratemporal fossa. The approach is feasible and safe.

[Computed tomography analysis of anatomic structure related to endoscopic axilla approach for surgery of frontal sinus].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the CT imaging features of anatomic structure related to endoscopic axilla approach for surgery of the frontal recess and frontal sinus. METHOD: Thirty patients without a history of frontal sinus disease were undergone 16 line high speed spiral computed tomography. The computed tomographic images were analyzed to measure the related structures. RESULT: The vertical distance from the front attachment point of the middle turbinate to the skull base was 13.88 +/- 2.59 mm. The horizontal distance from the top point of the axilla of the middle turbinate to the anterior wall of the frontal sinus outflow tract was 5.77 +/- 12.32 mm, to the anterior wall of the nasal cavity was 13.67 +/- 12.54 mm, to the lamina papyracea or lacrimal sac was 5.89 +/- 1.69 mm. CONCLUSION: Sixteen line high speed spiral computed tomography is helpful to endoscopic axilla approach for surgery of the frontal recess and frontal sinus.

[The maxillary sinus morphology that affect the vision of nasal endoscopy in maxillary sinus surgery].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the gasification of the maxillary sinus which might affect the vision of the maxillary sinus surgery with endoscope. METHOD: The diameters of 2 000 maxillary sinus were observed and measured hy normal sinus CT scan. The maxillary sinus were then genotyped with the data. RESULT: Morphology of the medial wall of maxillary sinus played an important role in maxillary sinus surgery. According to the horizontal position CT data, the middle part of maxillary sinus medial wall included two shapes: 857 triangle (85.7%) and 143 semicircular (14.3%). According to the coronal CT data, the middle part of maxillary sinus medial wall varied a lot, there were also two shapes of them: 341 convex type (31.1%) and 659 straight type (65.9%). In contrast, the former and back parts varied a little. Therefore, we genotyped the maxillary sinus according to the morphology of maxillary sinus medial wall and the gasification level. There were 3 types of our genotyping: 662 of I type (66.2%), 265 of II type (26.5%), 73 of III type (7.3%). CONCLUSION: The medial wall of maxillary sinus should be considered before the surgery of nasal endoscopy because of the great affections of which to endoscopy version.

[The anatomy research of expanding vision of endoscopic maxillary sinus operation].

OBJECTIVE: To get the anatomical method of expanding vision of endoscopic maxillary sinus operation to providing guidance for the satisfactory surgical vision by measurement of nasal cavity and maxillary sinus relative structure. METHOD: By anatomical measurement from 30 human cranium preparations (21 male, 9 female), which were marinated by 10% formaldehyde solution, we tried to find out anatomical factors that influence expanding vision of endoscopic maxillary sinus operation. RESULT: Measurement of cranium preparations: respective distance between bone nasolacrimal canal anterior wall superior extremity, central extremity, bottom extremity and borderline of maxillary sinus anterior wall and medial wall were 0 mm, (1.90 +/- l.03) mm, (3.29 +/- 1.04) mm. Distance between anterior inferior part of bone nasolacrimal canal and anterior edge of inferior concha was (5.13 +/- 0.62) mm, and vertical distance between anterior inferior part of bone nasolacrimal canal and nasal bottom was (16.89 +/- 0.97) mm. The difference between right and left side had no significant statistic sense (P > 0.05). Removal of the bone area: the upper and lower diameter of part of the inferior turbinate attachment was (9.43 +/- 1.72) mm, anteroposterior diameter from top to bottom was (9.76 +/- 0.83) mm, (11.39 +/- 0.50) mm, (12.85 +/- 0.66) mm, the upper and lower diameter of the following part of the inferior turbinate attachment was (13.52 +/- 0.83) mm, anteroposterior diameter from top to bottom was (19.89 +/- 1.37) mm, (16.59 +/- 0.77) mm, (12.48 +/- 0.91) mm. CONCLUSION: Dissection from inferior turbinate anterior part approach to maxillary sinus could expand the endoscopic operation vision.

[Endoscopic feasibility study and nasal septum median path of frontal sinus surgery].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the feasibility of endoscopic frontal sinus surgery in the nasal septum median path. METHOD: (1) Sixty adult cadaveric heads fixed with formalin were CT scanned,and were three dimensional reconstruction. (2) Thirty adult cadaveric heads were sawn along the sagittal line close to the side of the nasal septum, then the important anatomic marks were observed and measured. (3) Combined with CT and anatomical data, thirty adult cadaveric heads were operated in different degree, and the damage of nasal septum and fila olfactoria were detected in the same time. RESULT: (1) The roots of middle nasal concha were simulated in the endoscopic frontal sinus surgery. The operation time, operative procedures, markers foundation, endoscopic back of posterior border of frontal sinus foundation and attached to the symphysis with cribriform plate and the top of ethmoidal sinus were recorded. (2) The intersection point formed by the level of middle nasal concha and the vertical of middle nasal concha corresponded with the nasal septum was called the M point. The distance from the M point to the horizon of the nasal bone was (20.07 +/- 6.21) mm, the distance from the M point to the first fila olfactoria was (24.38 +/- 7.68) mm, the distance from the first fila olfactoria to the posterior edge of frontal sinus was (9.57 +/- 2.73) mm, the distance from the root of the middle nasal concha to posterior edge of frontal sinus was (5.38 +/- 1.23) mm, the anteroposterior diameter of frontal sinus fundus was (7.62 +/- 2.45) mm, the transverse diameter of frontal sinus fundus was (9.41 +/- 3.37) mm, the seesaw diameter of frontal sinus partition was (16.97 +/- 3.23) mm, the anteroposterior diameter of frontal sinus partition was (12.34 +/- 2.23) mm. (3) The operation time through the nasal septum path was 105 minutes which combined with CT and anatomical measurements. 0 degrees endoscopy could be used to observe the frontal part of the lateral, posterior and top wall, while nasal septum remove should be finished with 30 degree endoscopy. The bottom of frontal sinus can be exposed and removed with 0 degree endoscopy. 3 cases of cadaveric frontal sinus lateral wall can not be observed with 70 degree endoscopy. 30 cases of cadaveric frontal sinus,some of the top and the lateral wall, anterior and posterior wall could be observed with 70 degree endoscopy, nasal septum damage range was about 2.23 cm x 2.59 cm, and no fila olfactoria damage was found. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic frontal sinus surgery in the nasal septum median path is a good way to find frontal sinus.

[Prevalence of allergic rhinitis and survey analysis of health service needs and utilization in Qingdao area].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the need and utilization for health services in patients with allergic rhinitis in Qingdao area. METHODS: An investigation was conducted by the method of combining multi-stage sampling and cluster sampling. SPSS 13.0 software was used to analyse the data. RESULTS: Among Two thousand and four hundred questionnaires, two thousand and fifty-two questionnaires were available. The effective rate was 85.5%. The total two-week prevalence in male was 6.5%, while that in female was 6.2%. There was no significant difference between male and female (χ(2) = 0.103, P > 0.05). The total ratio of those who visited doctors was 1.7%. The ratio of those who visited doctors in the first two weeks was 26.7% (35/131). 49.0% of non-users of health service thought it was unnecessary to consult a doctor because of mild symptoms. In the investigation about the allergic rhinitis, 60.2% patients (1235/2052) confessed that they heard of allergic rhinitis, 30.0% patients (616/2052) thought of allergic rhinitis was common cold. CONCLUSIONS: The number of patients treated for allergic rhinitis was less than its prevalence. The primary reason for low attendance was that the majority of patients with mild symptoms thought it was no need to see a doctor. In order to improve the residents' health services utilization, medical education for allergic rhinitis is necessary.

Polymorphisms in GSTM1, GSTTI and GSTP1 and nasopharyngeal cancer in the east of China: a case-control study.

AIM: The study was performed to assess the potential role of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms in the risk of nasopharyngeal cancer in Chinese population. METHOD: We collected 182 cases undergoing pathologic examination and 366 controls from the affiliated hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University from April 2006 to July 2010. Genotyping was based upon duplex polymerase-chain-reactions with the PCR- CTPP method. RESULTS: More smokers were found in NPC patients than controls, and a higher IgA/VCA+. Individuals carrying null GSTM1 and GSTT1 had 1.76 and 2.01 fold risk of NPC when compared with non-null genotypes, respectively. A non-significant increase risk of NPC was found in individuals with 1b/1b genotype when compared with 1a/1a genotype (OR=1.32, 95%CI=0.60-2.94). When compared with non-null GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes, the combination of null/null GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes showed moderate increased risk of NPC (OR=3.03, 95% CI=1.74-5.08). CONCLUSION: Our study provides evidence that genetic deletion of GSTM1 and GSTT1 may contribute to increased susceptibility to NPC in Chinese population, while GSTP1 may not. Our findings provide information relevant to the prevention of NPC.

[Clinical analysis of rhinogenous ophthalmocele].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of rhinogenous ophthalmocele, to reduce misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis rate. METHOD: Sixty-two patients with rhinogenous ophthalmocele disease in our hospital from January 1998 to October 2005 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULT: Sixty-two patients with rhinogenous ophthalmocele disease, 18 frontal-ethmoid sinus cystic, 12 nasosinusitis, 6 fungal frontal sinusitis, 10 maxillary sinus carcinoma, 4 olfactory nerve tumour, 6 traumatic carotid cavernous fistula, 6 ethmoidal sinus osteoma. The rhinogenous ophthalmocele caused by frontal-ethmoid sinus cystic and nasosinusitis and ethmoidal sinus osteoma were cured. The maxillary sinus carcinomas were followed up for 5 years, 2 examples are alive, 2 examples are lost. The olfactory nerve tumours were death in 2 years after operation. The 2 traumatic carotid cavernous fistula were death, 4 were cured. CONCLUSION: The disease with rhinogenous ophthalmocele was easily misdiagnosed for the low incidence of the disease. According to eyes reasons of ophthalmocele, choose the suitable operational method, it is satisfied with the result of treatment.

[Observation of neural electrophysiology and morphology in traumatic optic neuropathy in cat model].

OBJECTIVE: To establish the animal model of traumatic optic neuropathy similar to clinical feature by injuring the optic nerve of the pipeline through the ethmoid and sphenoid sinus. The electrophysiology and morphology were observed. METHODS: The optic nerve in 2 cats was anatomically observed. Thirty healthy adult cats were divided into 1 h, 1 d, 3 d, 1 w, 2 w, 4 w injury groups. The right eye was selected as the experiment eye, and the left as the control. The optic canals were damaged by the injury instrument. The changes of optic nerve were observed using light and electron microscope. The pattern reversal visual evoked potential (PR-VEP) was used to determine the succeed model and pupil was monitored. PR-VEP and neural tissue morphology were examined at intervals of 1 h, 1 d, 3 d, 1 w, 2 w, 4 w after trauma. RESULTS: Eight cats had Marcus-Gunn's pupil, and 22 cats did not have after injury. Neural tissue was physaliphorous degeneration in light microscope. The neural fibers swelled gradually and fibers physaliphorous degeneration in the first day after damage. At the seventh day, the bubble enlarged to be a big flat. After two weeks, the big flat bubble came out to be a bigger bubble. Under the electronic microscope, axons were physaliphorous degeneration, crack emerged between axon membrane and myelin sheath and myelin sheath were loose in the first day. At the third day, axon swelled, physaliphorous degeneration rose and myelin sheath were loose obviously. At the seventh day, axon and myelin sheath appeared loop in half cycle and bubble-like broke up. A lot of pieces came out and axon became physaliphorous and uniform. Microtubule and microfilament disappeared. After two weeks, myelin sheath became onion-like. On fourth week, myelin sheaths enlarged and squeezed to center. Axoplasm disappeared and neural tissues collapsed. CONCLUSIONS: This animal model was similar to clinical optic nerve decompression through ethmoid and sphenoid sinus. The change of PR-VEP and neuromorphology were distinct before and after trauma. The pathological changes of optic nerve catching vibrated injury are mainly degeneration, so earlier decompression of optic nerve may improve the visual function.

[Endoscopic optic nerve decompression in traumatic optic neuropathy: analysis of 72 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To review the effects of optic nerve decompression by endoscopic technique in traumatic optic neuropathy. METHODS: Seventy-two patients (73 eyes) with traumatic optic neuropathy which were treated with large dose of glucocorticoid but inefficacious were undergone endoscopic optic nerve decompression. The days from injury to surgery were 1-57 d. Among that, < or = 3 d 15 cases, 4-7 d 37 cases, 8-10 d 9 cases, 11-15 d 5 cases, 16-30 d 5 cases, >30 d 1 cases. The vision of pro-operation: with light perception or higher grades 18 eyes; with no light perception 55 eyes. RESULTS: All patients were followed up for more than 3 months. Fourty-six of 73 eyes had improvements in visual acuity, the total effective rate was 63.01%. Thirty-one of 55 eyes with no light perception had raises in visual acuity (56.36%). Fifteen of 18 eyes with light perception or higher grades had improvements (83.33%). No complication had happened. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic optic nerve decompression is an appropriate technique for patients with traumatic optic neuropathy. Even though the patient has injured in longer time and high-dose steroid treatment has failed, optic nerve decompression may improve visual acuity.