Microneedles-Based Theranostic Platform: From the Past to the Future.

Fully integrated theranostic devices are highly esteemed in clinical applications, offering immense potential in real-time disease monitoring and personalized care. Microneedles (MNs), as innovative and wearable devices, boast important advantages in biosensing and therapy, thus holding significant promise in the advancement of diagnostic and therapeutic platforms. Encouragingly, advancements in electrochemical sensing technology, micronano fabrication, and biocompatible materials are propelling momentum for MNs-based closed-loop systems, enhancing detection capabilities, biocompatibility, and cost-effectiveness. Moreover, the notable progress in integrating MN chips with other biochips signifies a frontier for growth. Successful clinical trials in target molecule monitoring and drug delivery domains herald excellent clinical translational prospects for the aforementioned theranostic platform. Finally, we delineate both challenges and opportunities in the development of integrated diagnostic and therapeutic MN systems, including continuous monitoring, intelligent control algorithms, safety, and regulatory considerations.

Embryonic lethal genetic variants and chromosomally normal pregnancy loss.

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether rare damaging genetic variants are associated with chromosomally normal pregnancy loss and estimate the magnitude of the association. DESIGN: Case-control. SETTING: Cases were derived from a consecutive series of karyotyped losses at one New Jersey hospital. Controls were derived from the National Database for Autism Research. PATIENT(S): Cases comprised 19 chromosomally normal loss conceptus-parent trios. Controls comprised 547 unaffected siblings of autism case-parent trios. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The rate of damaging variants in the exome (loss of function and missense-damaging) and the proportions of probands with at least one such variant among cases vs. controls. RESULTS: The proportions of probands with at least one rare damaging variant were 36.8% among cases and 22.9% among controls (odds ratio, 2.0; 99% confidence interval, 0.5-7.3). No case had a variant in a known fetal anomaly gene. The proportion with variants in possibly embryonic lethal genes increased in case probands (odds ratio, 14.5; 99% confidence interval, 1.5-89.7); variants occurred in BAZ1A, FBN2, and TIMP2. CONCLUSION(S): Rare genetic variants in the conceptus may be a cause of chromosomally normal pregnancy loss. A larger sample is needed to estimate the magnitude of the association with precision and identify relevant biologic pathways.

[Study on the application of number fluorescence density in detecting autoantibodies titer].

This study was firstly conducted to detect antinuclear antibody(ANA) titer by using number influorescence density analysis assay instead of serum diluted assay. The best camera explore time was selected. Then 4,140 ANA positive sera were detected to determine the relationship between number influorescence density (detected by number camera system Spot 32 and computer analysis software ipwin32) and serum diluted titer. The consistent rates in different ANA patterns used by the two methods were compared. 4 seconds was found to be the best explore time and the relationship between number influorescence density and serum diluted titer was 29-50 vs 1:100, 51-85 vs 1:320, 86-175 vs 1:1000, 176-215 vs 1:3200, 216-237 vs 1:10,000. According to this standard we detected 3140 ANA positive sera by use of the two methods and observed a total consistency rate of 89.4%. The consistency rates of three ANA patterns including speckled, homogenous, mixture of speckled and homogenous were as high as 98.9%, 99.5%, 99.8% respectively. The lower consistency rate patterns included nucleolar (5.3%), centromere (1.8%), ribosome(12.6%) and other special patterns(0%). For practical purpose, number influorescence density analysis assay can be used in detecting the three main ANA patterns (speckled, homogeneous, mixture of speckled and homogenous) titer instead of serum diluted assay. The number influorescence density analysis assay is more objective, economical and simple than the serum diluted assay.