RESUMEN
A mutant form of the ataxin-1 protein with an expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) tract is the underlying cause of the inherited neurodegenerative disease spinocerebellar ataxia 1 (SCA1). In probing the biophysical features of the nuclear bodies (NBs) formed by polyQ-ataxin-1, we defined ataxin-1 NBs as spherical liquid protein/RNA droplets capable of rapid fusion. We observed dynamic exchange of the ataxin-1 protein into these NBs; notably, cell exposure to a pro-oxidant stress could trigger a transition to slower ataxin-1 exchange, typical of a hydrogel state, which no longer showed the same dependence on RNA or sensitivity to 1,6-hexanediol. Furthermore, we could alter ataxin-1 exchange dynamics either through modulating intracellular ATP levels, RNA helicase inhibition, or siRNA-mediated depletion of select RNA helicases. Collectively, these findings reveal the tunable dynamics of the liquid RNA/protein droplets formed by polyQ-ataxin-1.
Asunto(s)
Ataxina-1/metabolismo , Gotas Lipídicas/metabolismo , ARN/metabolismo , Ataxias Espinocerebelosas/metabolismo , Animales , Ataxina-1/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Fusión de Membrana , Ratones , Modelos Moleculares , Mutación/genética , Péptidos/química , Unión Proteica , Ataxias Espinocerebelosas/genéticaRESUMEN
The expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) tract form of ataxin-1 drives disease progression in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1). Although known to form distinctive intranuclear bodies, the cellular pathways and processes that polyQ-ataxin-1 influences remain poorly understood. Here we identify the direct and proximal partners constituting the interactome of ataxin-1[85Q] in Neuro-2a cells, pathways analyses indicating a significant enrichment of essential nuclear transporters, pointing to disruptions in nuclear transport processes in the presence of elevated levels of ataxin-1. Our direct assessments of nuclear transporters and their cargoes confirm these observations, revealing disrupted trafficking often with relocalisation of transporters and/or cargoes to ataxin-1[85Q] nuclear bodies. Analogous changes in importin-ß1, nucleoporin 98 and nucleoporin 62 nuclear rim staining are observed in Purkinje cells of ATXN1[82Q] mice. The results highlight a disruption of multiple essential nuclear protein trafficking pathways by polyQ-ataxin-1, a key contribution to furthering understanding of pathogenic mechanisms initiated by polyQ tract proteins.
Asunto(s)
Ataxina-1/metabolismo , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte Nucleocitoplasmático/metabolismo , Células de Purkinje/metabolismo , Transporte Activo de Núcleo Celular/genética , Animales , Ataxina-1/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Células HeLa , Humanos , Ratones , Mutación , Proteínas de Complejo Poro Nuclear/genética , Proteínas de Complejo Poro Nuclear/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte Nucleocitoplasmático/genética , Péptidos/genética , Unión Proteica , Ataxias Espinocerebelosas/genética , Ataxias Espinocerebelosas/metabolismo , Expansión de Repetición de Trinucleótido/genéticaRESUMEN
Ataxin-1 mutation, arising from a polyglutamine (polyQ) tract expansion, is the underlying genetic cause of the late-onset neurodegenerative disease Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1). To identify protein partners of polyQ-ataxin-1 in neuronal cells under control or stress conditions, here we report our complementary proteomics strategies of proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) and affinity purification (via GFP-Trap pulldown) in Neuro-2a cells expressing epitope-tagged forms of ataxin-1[85Q]. These approaches allowed our enrichment of proximal proteins and interacting partners, respectively, with the subsequent protein identification performed by liquid chromatography-MS/MS. Background proteins, not dependent on the presence of the polyQ-ataxin-1 protein, were additionally defined by their endogenous biotinylation (for the BioID protocol) or by their non-specific interaction with GFP only (in the GFP-Trap protocol). All datasets were generated from biological replicates. Following the removal of the identified background proteins from the acquired protein lists, our experimental design has captured a comprehensive polyQ-ataxin-1 proximal and direct protein partners under normal and stress conditions. Data are available via ProteomeXchange, with identifier PXD010352.