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Rhombic dodecahedral nanocrystals have been considered particularly difficult to synthesize because they are enclosed by {110}, a low-index facet with the greatest surface energy. Recently, we demonstrated the use of seed-mediated growth for the facile and robust synthesis of Au rhombic dodecahedral nanocrystals (AuRD). While the unique shape and surface structure of AuRD are desirable for potential applications in plasmonics and catalysis, respectively, their high surface energy makes them highly susceptible to thermal degradation. Here we demonstrate that it is feasible to greatly improve the thermal stability with some sacrifice to the plasmonic properties of the original AuRD by coating their surface with an ultrathin shell made of Pt. Our in situ electron microscopy analysis indicates that the ultrathin Pt coating can increase the thermal stability from 60 up to 450 °C, a trend that is also supported by the results from a computational study.
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Most plant reoviruses are phloem-limited, but the mechanism has remained unknown for more than half a century. Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (Fijivirus, Reoviridae) causes phloem-derived tumors, where its virions, genomes, and proteins accumulate, and it was used as a model to explore how its host plant limits the virus within its phloem. High-throughput volume electron microscopy revealed that only sieve plate pores and flexible gateways rather than plasmodesmata had a sufficiently large size exclusion limit (SEL) to accommodate virions and potentially serve as pathways of virion movement. The large SEL gateways were enriched within the proliferated sieve element (SE) layers of tumors. The lack of such connections out of the SE-enriched regions of tumors defined a size-dependent physical barrier to high flux transportation of virions. A working model is proposed to demonstrate the mechanism underlying limitation of virus within phloem.
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Neoplasias , Microscopía Electrónica de Volumen , Floema/metabolismo , Neoplasias/metabolismoRESUMEN
The single-celled eukaryote Euplotes aediculatus was chosen to test and compare the toxic effects of Cu and CuO nanoparticles (NPs). The antioxidant enzymatic activity, morphological changes, and functional groups on the membrane were determined using spectrophotometry, microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy after NPs treatment. The toxicity of the NPs to cells was dose-dependent, and the 24 h-LC50 values of the CuNPs and CuONPs were 0.46 µg/L and 1.24 × 103 µg/L, respectively. These NPs increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase and destroyed the cell structure; moreover, the CuNPs were more toxic than the CuONPs. In addition to the higher enzymatic activity, CuNPs also caused nucleoli disappearance, chromatin condensation, and mitochondrial and pellicle damage. The oxidization of the functional groups of the membrane (PO2 - , C-O-C, and δ(COH) of carbohydrates) also confirmed the severe damage caused by CuNPs. Our study showed that oxidative stress and organelle destruction played important roles in the toxic effects of these NPs on this protozoan. Compared with other aquatic organisms, E. aediculatus can be considered a potential indicator at the preliminary stage of environmental pollution.
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Euplotes , Nanopartículas del Metal , Nanopartículas , Nanopartículas del Metal/toxicidad , Cobre , Estrés OxidativoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cataract is the primary cause of blindness globally, and surgery offers the only method by which to remove cataracts. We aimed to examine whether previous cataract surgery is associated with cognitive function. METHODS: Our study included 13,824 participants. Data from the baseline of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were used. The participants were categorized into two groups: with and without previous cataract surgery. Weighted multiple linear regression was used to obtain the ß and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: The participants who had previous cataract surgery (n = 261) scored lower in cognition, including both memory and mental state, than those without previous cataract surgery. After adjusting for socioeconomic factors and metabolic measures, a negative association was evident between previous cataract surgery and cognition (ß = -0.647, 95% CI: -1.244, - 0.049). Furthermore, the participants who were older and female demonstrated a decline in cognition, while living in cities and having higher levels education were associated with higher cognition. CONCLUSIONS: Better cognitive function was associated with less previous cataract surgery or cataract occurrence. This suggests that a period of vision loss due to cataract leads to cognitive decline, however further studies are need to dissect the impact of vision loss and cataract surgery on cognitive decline.
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Catarata , Cognición , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Catarata/complicaciones , China/epidemiología , Pueblos del Este de Asia , Estudios Longitudinales , MasculinoRESUMEN
Zn2+-passivated carbon dots (named Z-CDs) were synthesized from zinc gluconate for the first time through a one-step pyrolysis treatment. The mechanism of Zn2+-enhanced fluorescence was carefully investigated, and a new strategy to passivate the surfaces of CDs by Zn2+ was proposed. Inspired by the complexation reaction between Zn2+ and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), a reversible "off-on" fluorescent nanosensor for the detection of EDTA and Zn2+ was constructed based on the depassivation and repassivation of Z-CDs, with a limit of detection as low as 3.2 × 10-7 M and 5.1 × 10-7 M, respectively. The proposed Z-CD-based nanosensor had been further utilized for EDTA and Zn2+ monitoring in tap water with excellent recovery. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first report of a fluorescence-based sensor of EDTA and a turn-on sensor of Zn2+ based on CDs with reversible detection capability. Also, benefiting from the low toxicity of zinc, Z-CDs were applied for multicolor bioimaging and in vitro detection in cells.
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Isaria cicadae, a medicinal food fungus, is a fruit from Paecilomyces cicadae. In this study, we purified ergosterol peroxide (EP) from the fermentation broth of P. cicadae and investigated its effects on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells, in vitro. EP was purified from P. cicadae fermentation broth. The human RCC cell line 786-0 was used to analyze the anticancer mechanism of EP and inhibit its effect on cancer cell proliferation, in vitro. EP with a validated structure showed a yield rate of 20.1 mg/L and a purity of 96%. EP significantly inhibited RCC cell growth and clone formation in vitro. In addition, EP suppressed the migration and invasion, triggered the apoptosis, and modulated the cell cycle of RCC cells, in a dose-dependent manner. It also downregulated ß-catenin expression. EP could be routinely produced through P. cicadae. It fights RCC cells in vitro through multiple mechanisms, including suppressing cell growth, colonization, migration, and invasion, arresting the cell cycle, attenuating ß-catenin pathways, and triggering apoptosis.
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Ergosterol/análogos & derivados , Paecilomyces/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Ergosterol/metabolismo , Ergosterol/farmacología , Fermentación/fisiología , HumanosRESUMEN
A new type of fluorescent material is presented, which is called non-conjugated polymer dots (NCPDs). The NCPDs only possess sub-fluorophores (which are groups such as C=O, C=N, N=O) instead of typical conjugated fluorophore groups, and thus these materials should not have strong photoluminescence (PL) in the usual sense. Nevertheless, the PL of these sub-fluorophores can be enhanced by chemical crosslinking or physical immobilization of polymer chains, which is named the crosslink-enhanced emission (CEE) effect. The significant advances achieved by us and other groups on both experimental and theoretical aspects are discussed, and the covalent-bond CEE, rigidity-aggregated CEE, or supramolecular CEE in NCPDs is elaborated. Moreover, synthetic strategies, unique optical properties, and the promise of NCPDs in bio-related fields, such as bioimaging and drug delivery, are systematically discussed.
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Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of genetically heterogeneous retinopathy resulting in irreversible loss of vision. Mutations in RAX2 gene has been related to RP with mechanisms unclear. Here, we generated a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a RP patient carrying c.77C > T mutation in RAX2 gene. This cell line was induced by integration-free episomal vectors and validated for pluripotency and differentiation capacity, which may serve as a model to study the role of RAX2 in RP pathogenesis.
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Proteínas de Homeodominio , Células Madre Pluripotentes Inducidas , Mutación , Retinitis Pigmentosa , Humanos , Retinitis Pigmentosa/genética , Retinitis Pigmentosa/patología , Células Madre Pluripotentes Inducidas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Homeodominio/genética , Proteínas de Homeodominio/metabolismo , Línea Celular , Diferenciación Celular , Proteínas del Ojo/genética , Proteínas del Ojo/metabolismo , Masculino , Factores de TranscripciónRESUMEN
Progressive photoreceptor cell death is one of the main pathological features of age-related macular degeneration and eventually leads to vision loss. Ferroptosis has been demonstrated to be associated with retinal degenerative diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis and photoreceptor cell death in age-related macular degeneration remain largely unexplored. Bioinformatics and biochemical analyses in this study revealed xC-, solute carrier family 7 member 11-regulated ferroptosis as the predominant pathological process of photoreceptor cell degeneration in a light-induced dry age-related macular degeneration mouse model. This process involves the nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2-solute carrier family 7 member 11-glutathione peroxidase 4 signaling pathway, through which cystine depletion, iron ion accumulation, and enhanced lipid peroxidation ultimately lead to photoreceptor cell death and subsequent visual function impairment. We demonstrated that solute carrier family 7 member 11 overexpression blocked this process by inhibiting oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, solute carrier family 7 member 11 knockdown or the solute carrier family 7 member 11 inhibitor sulfasalazine and ferroptosis-inducing agent erastin aggravated H2O2-induced ferroptosis of 661W cells. These findings indicate solute carrier family 7 member 11 may be a potential therapeutic target for patients with retinal degenerative diseases including age-related macular degeneration.
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PURPOSE: To assess the quantity and quality of global research on uveitis, visualize the research hotspots, and reveal the study trends in uveitis. METHODS: This bibliometric analysis was performed with the data obtained from the Web of Science core collection (WoSCC) database and Scopus. Bibliometrix and VOSviewer were used to analyze and visualize study trends and hotspots. Citespace was used to conduct the cooperation and co-citation network analysis. RESULTS: A total of 5837 and 7195 documents were exported for further analysis in WoSCC and Scopus, respectively. The USA has published the most articles related to uveitis (1627, 27.87%, WoS; 1979, 27.51%, Scopus) and accounted for the most frequency of total citations (42345 times total citations 35 900 times without self-citations in WoSCC database). Most of the papers focusing on uveitis were published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation (761, 13.04% within WoS; 793, 11.02% within Scopus). Additionally, novel biotherapy is the hotspot of uveitis research which also may be a sustained research interest in the future. CONCLUSIONS: An increasing trend of publications was found in uveitis research. The USA was the leading contributor in this field, and it was the center of cooperation network. Our study provided an overview of uveitis research, which may serve as a valuable reference and guide for stakeholders interested in uveitis.
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AIM: To analyze the changes in scientific output relating to Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) and forecast the study trends in this field. METHODS: All of the publications in the field of LCA from 2002 to 2022 were collected from Web of Science (WOS) database. We analyzed the quantity (number of publications), quality (citation and H-index) and development trends (relative research interest, RRI) of published LCA research over the last two decades. Moreover, VOSviewer software was applied to define the co-occurrence network of keywords in this field. RESULTS: A total of 2158 publications were ultimately examined. We found that the focus on LCA kept rising and peaked in 2015 and 2018, which is consistent with the development trend of gene therapy. The USA has contributed most to this field with 1162 publications, 56 674 citations and the highest H-index value (116). The keywords analysis was divided into five clusters to show the hotspots in the field of LCA, namely mechanism-related, genotype-related, local phenotype-related, system phenotype-related, and therapy-related. We also identified gene therapy and anti-retinal degeneration therapy as a major focus in recent years. CONCLUSION: Our study illustrates historical research process and future development trends in LCA field. This may help to guide the orientation for further clinical diagnosis, treatment and scientific research.
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PRCIS: The combination of phacoemulsification, goniosynechialysis and goniotomy is an effective treatment for primary angle closure glaucoma patients with cataract, and this is not linked to the extent of preoperative peripheral anterior synechiae. PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of the extent of peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) on the effectiveness and safety of combined phacoemulsification (PEI), goniosynechialysis (GSL), and goniotomy (GT) in eyes with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) and cataract. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study included patients diagnosed with PACG and cataracts who underwent combined PEI and 120 degrees GSL plus GT (PEI+GSL+GT) between April 2020 and October 2022 at 10 ophthalmic institutes. Eligible patients were divided into 3 groups based on the extent of PAS: 180°≤PAS<270°, 270°≤PAS<360°, and PAS=360°. Data on intraocular pressure (IOP), the number of ocular hypotensive medications, and complications were collected and compared. The study defined complete success as postoperative IOP within the 6-18 mm Hg range and a 20% reduction from baseline without the use of topical medications. Qualified success was defined in the same way as complete success, but it allowed for the use of ocular hypotensive medications. RESULTS: Three hundred four eyes of 283 patients were included. The mean follow-up was 12.50±1.24 months. All groups experienced a significant reduction in IOP after the surgery ( P <0.05). There were no significant differences in final IOP, number of medications, and cumulative complete and qualified success rates among the 3 groups ( P >0.05). The groups with 270°≤PAS<360°had a higher frequency of hyphema compared with 180°≤PAS<270° ( P = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS: PEI+GSL+GT has proven to be an effective treatment for PACG with cataracts over a 1 year period. However, the outcome was not correlated with the preoperative extent of PAS.
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Catarata , Glaucoma de Ángulo Cerrado , Presión Intraocular , Facoemulsificación , Agudeza Visual , Humanos , Glaucoma de Ángulo Cerrado/cirugía , Glaucoma de Ángulo Cerrado/fisiopatología , Masculino , Femenino , Catarata/complicaciones , Presión Intraocular/fisiología , Anciano , Agudeza Visual/fisiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Cuerpo Ciliar/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Gonioscopía , Adherencias Tisulares , Implantación de Lentes Intraoculares , Tonometría Ocular , Enfermedades del Iris/cirugía , Anciano de 80 o más AñosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To investigate the effectiveness and safety of phacogoniotomy versus phacotrabeculectomy (PVP) among patients with advanced primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and cataracts. DESIGN: Multicenter, randomized controlled, non-inferiority trial. METHODS: A total of 124 patients (124 eyes) with advanced PACG and cataracts were enrolled, with 65 in the phacogoniotomy group and 59 in the phacotrabeculectomy group. Patients were followed up for 12 months with standardized evaluations. The primary outcome was the reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) from baseline to 12 months postoperatively, of which a non-inferiority margin of 4 mmHg was evaluated. Secondary outcomes included the cumulative surgical success rate, postoperative complications, and changes in the number of glaucoma medications. RESULTS: After 12 months, phacogoniotomy demonstrated non-inferiority to phacotrabeculectomy in terms of IOP reduction, with mean IOP reductions of - 26.1 mmHg and - 25.7 mmHg (P = 0.383), respectively, from baseline values of around 40 mmHg. Both groups experienced a significant reduction in the mean number of medications used postoperatively (P < 0.001). The cumulative success rate was comparable between the groups (P = 0.890). However, phacogoniotomy had a lower rate of postoperative complications and interventions (12.3% and 4.6%) compared to phacotrabeculectomy (23.7% and 20.3% respectively). The phacogoniotomy group reported shorter surgery time (22.1 ± 6.5 vs. 38.8 ± 11.1 min; P = 0.030) and higher quality of life (EQ-5D-5 L) improvement at 12 months (7.0 ± 11.5 vs. 3.0 ± 12.9, P = 0.010) than the phacotrabeculectomy group. CONCLUSIONS: Phacogoniotomy was non-inferior to phacotrabeculectomy in terms of IOP reduction for advanced PACG and cataracts. Additionally, phacogoniotomy provided a shorter surgical time, lower postoperative complication rate, fewer postoperative interventions, and better postoperative quality of life.
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Catarata , Glaucoma de Ángulo Cerrado , Facoemulsificación , Trabeculectomía , Humanos , Catarata/complicaciones , Glaucoma de Ángulo Cerrado/complicaciones , Glaucoma de Ángulo Cerrado/cirugía , Presión Intraocular , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Calidad de Vida , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Nanoplastics in the environment can enter the human body through gastrointestinal intake, dermal contact, and pulmonary inhalation, posing a threat to human health. Protein molecules in body fluids will quickly adsorb on the surfaces of the nanoplastics, forming a protein corona, which has implications for the interaction of the nanoplastics with cells and the metabolic pathways of the nanoplastic within cells. For years, practical tools such as dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and liquid chromatography have been developed to understand the protein corona of nanoparticles (NPs), either in vitro or in cellular or molecular level. However, an integrated approach to understand the nanoparticles-protein corona is still lacking. METHODS: Using the most frequently observed environmental nanoplastics, polystyrene nanoplastics (PS), as a standard, we established an integrative structural characterization platform, a biophysical and biochemical evaluation method to investigate the effect of surface charge on protein corona composition. The cellular and molecular mechanisms were also explored through in vitro cellular experiments. RESULTS: The first integrative method for characterizing biological properties of NPs-protein corona has been established. This method comprehensively covers the critical aspects to understand NPs-protein corona interactions, from structure to function. CONCLUSIONS: The integrative method for nanoplastics microstructure characterization can be applied to the structural characterization of nanoparticles in nanoscale, which is of universal significance from in vitro characterization to cellular experiments and then to molecular mechanism studies. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: This strategy has high reliability and repeatability and can be applied both in environment and nanomedicine safety assessment.
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Nanopartículas , Corona de Proteínas , Humanos , Corona de Proteínas/química , Microplásticos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Nanopartículas/química , Proteínas/químicaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This population-based, prospective cohort study investigated the association between glaucoma and mortality in older adults. METHODS: Participants aged 45 years or older at baseline (47.9% male) were enrolled in 2011 for the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). All-cause mortality was observed during 7 years of follow-up. The baseline data were collected in the 2011 CHARLS, and participants were followed up for 7 years (until 2018). The risk of all-cause mortality was investigated using Cox proportional-hazards regression with age as the time scale, adjusting for significant risk factors and comorbid conditions. RESULTS: Among the 14,803 participants included, the risk of all-cause death was significantly higher among people with glaucoma than among those without glaucoma, after adjustment for other confounders (hazard ratio [HR], 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 2.03). In a subgroup analysis based on the mean age of death, among those who were 75 years and older (n=1,231), the risk of all-cause death was significantly higher in patients with glaucoma than in those without glaucoma (HR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.24 to 1.89). CONCLUSIONS: Participants with glaucoma had a higher risk of all-cause mortality, especially those aged 75 years and above. Our findings revealed potential mechanisms underlying an association between glaucoma and all-cause mortality. They also highlighted the importance of glaucoma management to prevent premature death in middle-aged and older adults.
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Glaucoma , Mortalidad , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , China/epidemiología , Pueblos del Este de Asia , Estudios Longitudinales , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
The combination of DNA nanotechnology and nanopore sensing technology has greatly promoted research on target molecule or ion detection. The large solid-state nanopores/nanochannels show better mechanical stability and reproducibility, but metal ion detection in the large nanopores with diameters of hundreds of nanometers or several micrometers is rarely reported. Hence, it is meaningful and urgent to develop a large nanopore-based sensing platform for the detection of metal ions. Herein, we employed a salicylic aldehyde-modified DNA network in conjunction with a glass nanopipette (GN) with a diameter of hundreds of nanometers as a sensing platform for the detection of target metal ions. Upon the addition of different receptors with the amino group, the salicylic aldehyde could in situ specifically recognize and bind with Zn2+ and Al3, forming Schiff base-metal ion complexes at the four vertices of one face per nanocube unit. The steric hindrance effect of multiple Schiff bases and metal ion complexes leads to the blockage of internal structure and decrease of ion current in the GN. Owing to this signal amplification strategy, the detection limit of the target metal ion reaches a level of fM in the GN with a diameter of about 300 nm. In the future, this functional nanopore sensing platform is expected to realize highly sensitive detection for more biological metal ions by choosing appropriate receptors.
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BACKGROUND: The contribution of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to mortality in diabetic patients is unclear. This study aimed to explore the association between diabetics with CKD and mortality in middle-aged and elderly people of different ages. METHODS: Data were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, including 1,715 diabetic individuals, 13.1% of whom also had CKD. Diabetes and CKD were assessed by combining the physical measurements and self-reports. We fitted Cox proportional hazards regression models to examine the effect of diabetics with CKD on mortality in middle-aged and elderly people. The risk factors for death were further predicted based on age stratification. RESULTS: The mortality rate of diabetic patients with CKD (29.3%) was increased as compared to that of diabetic patients without CKD (12.4%). Diabetics with CKD were at a higher risk of all-cause mortality than those without CKD, with a hazard ratio of 1.921 (95% CI: 1.438, 2.566). Additionally, for participants 45 to 67 years of age, the hazard ratio was 2.530 (95% CI: 1.624, 3.943). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that, for diabetics, CKD was a chronic stressor that led to death in middle-aged and elderly people, especially among participants aged 45 to 67 years.
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OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the association between obesity and glaucoma in middle-aged and older people. A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. METHODS: Glaucoma was assessed via self-reports. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and a Cox proportional hazards model were used to assess the relationship between obesity and glaucoma risk. RESULTS: Older males living in urban areas who were single, smokers, and non-drinkers were found to have a significantly higher incidence of glaucoma (all p<0.05). Diabetes, hypertension, and kidney disease were also associated with higher glaucoma risk, while dyslipidemia was associated with lower risk (all p<0.05). After the model was adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related variables, obesity was significantly associated with a 10.2% decrease in glaucoma risk according to the Cox proportional hazards model (hazard ratio, 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83 to 0.97) and an 11.8% risk reduction in the multivariate logistic regression analysis (odds ratio, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.80 to 0.97). A further subgroup analysis showed that obesity was associated with a reduced risk of glaucoma in people living in rural areas, in smokers, and in those with kidney disease (all p<0.05). Obesity also reduced glaucoma risk in people with diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia more than in healthy controls (all p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This cohort study suggests that obesity was associated with a reduced risk of glaucoma, especially in rural residents, smokers, and people with kidney disease. Obesity exerted a stronger protective effect in people with diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia than in healthy people.
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Dislipidemias , Glaucoma , Hipertensión , Anciano , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , China/epidemiología , Estudios de Cohortes , Dislipidemias/complicaciones , Dislipidemias/epidemiología , Glaucoma/complicaciones , Glaucoma/epidemiología , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Estudios Longitudinales , Obesidad/epidemiología , Jubilación , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Optic nerve injury is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons cannot be regenerated once damaged. Therefore, reducing RGC damage is crucial to prevent blindness. Accordingly, we aimed to investigate the potential influence of the gut microbiota on RGC survival, as well as the associated action mechanisms. METHODS: We evaluated the effects of microbiota, specifically Bifidobacterium, on RGC. Optic nerve crush (ONC) was used as a model of optic nerve injury. Vancomycin and Bifidobacterium were orally administered to specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice. RESULTS: Bifidobacterium promoted RGC survival and optic nerve regeneration. The administration of Bifidobacterium inhibited microglia activation but promoted Müller cell activation, which was accompanied by the downregulation of inflammatory cytokines and upregulation of neurotrophic factors and retinal ERK/Fos signaling pathway activation. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that Bifidobacterium-induced changes in intestinal flora promote RGC survival. The protective effect of Bifidobacterium on RGC can be attributed to the inhibition of microglia activation and promotion of Müller cell activation and the secondary regulation of inflammatory and neurotrophic factors.
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Traumatismos del Nervio Óptico , Células Ganglionares de la Retina , Ratones , Animales , Células Ganglionares de la Retina/metabolismo , Traumatismos del Nervio Óptico/terapia , Traumatismos del Nervio Óptico/metabolismo , Neuroglía/metabolismo , Axones/metabolismo , Factores de Crecimiento Nervioso/metabolismo , Ceguera/metabolismo , Supervivencia Celular/fisiología , Modelos Animales de EnfermedadRESUMEN
Background: Since the poor prognosis of uveal melanoma with distant metastasis, we intended to screen out possible biomarkers for uveal melanoma metastasis risk and establish a nomogram model for predicting the risk of uveal melanoma (UVM) metastasis. Methods: Two datasets of UVM (GSE84976, GSE22138) were selected. Data was analyzed by R language, CTD database and GEPIA. Results: The co-upregulated genes of two datasets, HTR2B, CHAC1, AHNAK2, and PTP4A3 were identified using a Venn diagram. These biomarkers are combined with clinical characteristics, and Lasso regression was conducted to filter the metastasis-related biomarkers. HTR2B, CHAC1, AHNAK2, PTP4A3, tumor thickness, and retinal detachment (RD) were selected to establish the nomogram. Conclusion: Our study provides a comprehensive predictive model and personalized risk estimation tool for assessment of 3-year metastasis risk of UVM with a better accuracy.