Accelerometer-measured sedentary volume and bouts during the segmented school day among Chinese school students.

Background: This study examined sedentary volume and bouts of Chinese primary and middle school students during different segments of a school day and determined whether gender and school level are associated with their sedentary volume and bouts. Methods: A total of 472 students participated in this study. Accelerometers were used to measure the sedentary volume and sedentary bouts of different durations (i.e., 1-4 min, 5-9 min and ≥10 min) during all segments. Results: The participants spent the majority of their time in sitting (61.7%) and sitting bouts of ≥10 min (37.3%). They spent higher percentages of time in sitting during regular classes (76.7%) and out-of-school time (54.5%), and lower during physical education (PE) classes (32.2%), lunch break (35.4%) and recess (38.0%). The highest proportions of time were in sedentary bouts of ≥10 min during regular classes (50.2%), out-of-school time (28.0%) and lunch break (18.8%), while the greatest percentages occurred in sitting bouts of 1-4 min during PE class (16.4%) and recess (18.6%). Girls and middle school students had higher percentages of sedentary volume than boys and primary school students during most segments. They spent greater proportions of time in sitting bouts of ≥10 min during regular classes, lunch break, and out-of-school time, and higher proportions in sedentary bouts of 1-4 min than boys and primary students during PE classes. Conclusion: Regular class and out-of-school time were identified as key segments for reducing sedentary volume and breaking up prolonged sitting. Interventions on interrupting prolonged sitting during lunch break should also be explored. Girls and middle school students should receive more attention in future interventions.

40Ni-Added Poly(polyoxometalate) Assembled by {Ni6GeW9} and {Ni8(GeW9)2} Units: Structure, Magnetic, and Heterogeneous Catalysis Properties.

A novel 40Ni-added germanotungstate, Cs8K14Na3H3{[Ni6(OH)3(H2O)6(B-α-GeW9O34)]2[Ni8(µ6-O)(µ2-OH)2 (µ3-OH)2(H2O)B2O3(OH)2(B-α-GeW9O34)2]}2·84H2O (1), was made by the reaction of the trivacant [A-α-GeW9O34]10- ({GeW9}) precursor with Ni2+ cations and B5O8-, and systematically investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and powder X-ray diffraction. Single crystal X-ray analysis indicates that the polyoxoanion of 1 is a novel octamer constructed by {Ni6GeW9} and {Ni8(GeW9)2} structural building units via Ni-O═W linkages. The magnetic behavior shows the existence of overall ferromagnetic interactions among the Ni2+ centers in compound 1. Photocatalytic H2 production studies have implied that 1 can work as a heterogeneous catalyst for hydrogen production with decent robustness and recyclability.

A {Co9}-Added Polyoxometalate for Efficient Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Evolution.

A polyanion cluster H6Na8Cs3[Co9(µ3-OH)3(H2O)6(HPO4)2(B-α-PW9O34)3]Cl·40H2O (1) was made with the guidance of the lacunary directing strategy under hydrothermal conditions. Compound 1 was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses showed that 1 consists of three anions [B-α-PW9O34]9- and a cyclic cationic [Co9(µ3-OH)3(H2O)6]15+ and two anions HPO42-. Variable-magnetic properties indicate antiferromagnetic interactions in 1. Visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution tests demonstrated that 1 was an efficient water reduction catalyst with an H2 evolution rate of 1217.6 µmol h-1 g-1.

Two New Aluminoborates with 3D Porous-Layered Frameworks.

Two new aluminoborates, NaKCs[AlB7O13(OH)]·H2O (1) and K4Na5[AlB7O13(OH)]3·5H2O (2), have been hydro(solvo)thermally made with mixed alkali metal cationic templates. Both 1 and 2 crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/n and contain similar units of [B7O13(OH)]6- cluster and AlO4 tetrahedra. The [B7O13(OH)]6- cluster is composed of three classical B3O3 rings by vertex sharing, of which two of them connect with AlO4 tetrahedra to constitute monolayers, and one provides an O atom as a bridging unit to link two oppositely orientated monolayers by Al-O bonds to form 3D porous-layered frameworks with 8-MR channels. UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra indicate that both 1 and 2 exhibit short deep-UV cutoff edges below 190 nm, revealing that they have potential applications in deep-UV regions.

[Guideline for clinical comprehensive evaluation of Chinese patent medicine (2022 version)].

Currently,the research or publications related to the clinical comprehensive evaluation of Chinese patent medicine are increasing,which attracts the broad attention of all circles. According to the completed clinical evaluation report on Chinese patent medicine,there are still practical problems and technical difficulties such as unclear responsibility of the evaluation organization,unclear evaluation subject,miscellaneous evaluation objects,and incomplete and nonstandard evaluation process. In terms of evaluation standards and specifications,there are different types of specifications or guidelines with different emphases issued by different academic groups or relevant institutions. The professional guideline is required to guide the standardized and efficient clinical comprehensive evaluation of Chinese patent medicine and further improve the authority and quality of evaluation. In combination with the characteristics of Chinese patent medicine and the latest research achievement at home and abroad,the detailed specifications were formulated from six aspects including design,theme selection,content and index,outcome,application and appraisal,and quality control. The guideline was developed based on the guideline development requirements of China Assoication of Chinese medicine. After several rounds of expert consensus and public consultation,the current version of the guideline has been developed.

Chiral {Ni6PW9} Cluster-Organic Framework: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties.

A chiral three-dimensional polyoxometalate cluster-organic framework (POMCOF) H3[(btc)Ni6(µ3-OH)3(H2O)5(B-α-PW9O34)]·17H2O (1, btc = 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylate) has been made under hydrothermal conditions in the absence of amine or chiral starting reagents. 1 shows high stability in CH3CN/DMF (1:3), acidic, and basic solutions with the pH ranging from 2 to 12 for 5 days. The UV-vis reflectance spectra and Mott-Schottky measurements reveal that 1 could be a suitable catalyst for photocatalysis. Visible-light-driven H2 evolution studies have demonstrated that 1 is an ecofriendly, efficient, and recyclable catalyst with a H2 evolution rate of 1058.24 µmol h-1g-1. Nonlinear optical (NLO) measurement reveals that 1 exhibits a second-harmonic generation (SHG) response of about 1.4 times that of KH2PO4 (KDP), indicating that 1 is a potential NLO material as well.

miR-96-5p regulates myocardial infarction-induced cardiac fibrosis via Smad7/Smad3 pathway.

Fibrotic remodelling contributes to heart failure in myocardial infarction. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in myocardial fibrosis. However, current antifibrotic therapeutic strategies using miRNAs are far from effective. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of miR-96-5p on cardiac fibrosis. Our work reveals a significant upregulation of miR-96-5p level in the ventricular tissues of myocardial infarction mice, as well as in neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts stimulated with TGF-ß or Ang II as shown by qPCR assay. In myocardial infarction mice, miR-96-5p knockdown using antagomir alleviates the aggravated cardiac fibrosis and exacerbated myocardial function caused by myocardial infarction surgery as shown by the echocardiography and Masson's staining analysis. In contrast, immunofluorescence staining results reveal that miR-96-5p overexpression in neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts contributes to an increase in the expressions of fibrosis-associated genes and promotes the proliferation and differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts. Conversely, miR-96-5p downregulation using inhibitor presents adverse consequences. Furthermore, Smad7 expression is downregulated in fibrotic cardiac tissues, and the Smad7 gene is identified as a direct target of miR-96-5p by dual luciferase assay. Indeed, Smad7 knockdown weakens the anti-fibrotic effect of the miR-96-5p inhibitor on cardiac fibroblasts. Moreover, Smad3 phosphorylation is elevated in fibrotic cardiac tissues, and interestingly, the Smad3 inhibitor suppresses the profibrotic effect of the miR-96-5p mimic. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the Smad7/Smad3 signaling pathway mediates the profibrotic effect of miR-96-5p in cardiac fibrosis.

Clinical features and survival in Takayasu's arteritis-associated pulmonary hypertension: a nationwide study.

AIMS: This study aimed to assess the clinical characteristics and long-term survival outcome in patients with Takayasu's arteritis-associated pulmonary hypertension (TA-PH). METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted a nationally representative cohort study of TA-PH using data from the National Rare Diseases Registry System of China. Patients with pulmonary artery involvement who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of Takayasu's arteritis and pulmonary hypertension were included. The primary outcome was the time from diagnosis of TA-PH to the occurrence of all-cause death. Between January 2007 and January 2019, a total of 140 patients were included, with a mean age of 41.4 years at diagnosis, and a female predominance (81%). Patients with TA-PH had severely haemodynamic and functional impairments at diagnosis. Significant improvements have been found in N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and haemodynamic profiles in patients with TA-PH receiving drugs approved for pulmonary arterial hypertension. The overall 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates in TA-PH were 94.0%, 83.2%, and 77.2%, respectively. Predictors associated with an increased risk of all-cause death were syncope [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 5.38 (95% confidence interval 1.77-16.34), P = 0.003], NT-proBNP level [adjusted HR 1.04 (1.03-1.06), P < 0.001], and mean right atrial pressure [adjusted HR 1.07 (1.01-1.13), P = 0.015]. CONCLUSION: Patients with TA-PH were predominantly female and had severely compromised haemodynamics. More than 80% of patients in our cohort survived for at least 3 years. Medical treatment was based on investigators' personal opinions, and no clear risk-to-benefit ratio can be derived from the presented data.

[Evaluation for druggability of traditional Chinese medicine preparations in medical institutions based on human use experience].

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) preparations in medical institutions are an important source of research and development(R&D) of TCM new drug. With years of usage in therapy, these preparations' safety and effectiveness have generally been validated in clinic. However, there are still a few disadvantages in TCM new medicine development, such as similar prescriptions, excessive prescription ingredients, too broad clinical orientation, lack of solid clinical data, issue in pharmaceutical quality control, and intellectual property disputes. Nowadays, the Three-Combined Evaluation System has strengthened policy support for the new TCM R&D. In order to improve the success rate of TCM R&D, due to the difficulties within, this paper proposes the process of transforming TCM preparations in medical institutions into new TCM and advocates the evaluation for druggability based on Human Use Experience(HUE). The potencial preparations ought to follow traditional Chinese Medical theory, sufficient HUE data in indication, syndrome type of TCM, target population, usage, dosage, and course of treatment are required. Particular attention should be paid to the source, evolution, and improvement process of prescription, and evaluate the dosage, ingredients, and herb resources of prescription. To assess the feasibility of mass production, it is necessary to determine whether the pharmaceutical process is mostly consistent with the new drug and whether the dosage form is reasonable. By summarizing the clinical application of the preparations, the whole picture of its clinical application would be reveal as much as possible. It is beneficial to evaluate its clinical value and R&D prospect. In consideration of the lack of clinical safety data of preparations, safety profile needs to be collected according to the prescription. The quality of clinical data needs to be evaluated by focusing on the integrity and accuracy of data to reduce bias and confusion. Significant care should be paid to intellectual property protection to avoid legal disputes.

Indication of the prognosis of pulmonary hypertension by using CMR function parameters.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the cardiac function among different sub-types of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and to explore the independent predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). METHODS: Eighty-seven PH patients diagnosed by right heart catheterization (RHC) were recruited. Patients underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and RHC examination within 2 weeks. The CMR images were analyzed to calculate the cardiac functional parameters including right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV) end-diastolic volume index (EDVI), end-systolic volume index (ESVI), stroke volume index (SVI), ejection fraction (EF), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), and myocardial mass (MM). The median follow-up time was 46.5 months (interquartile range: 26-65.5 months), and the endpoints were the occurrence of MACE. RESULTS: RVEDVI, LVEDVI, and LVESVI were higher in congenital heart disease-related PH (CHD-PH) than in other sub-types (p < 0.05). RVMM, RVSVI, and RVCI were highest in CHD-PH. There was no significant difference in the prognosis among different sub-types (p > 0.05). Comparing with the non-MACE group, RVEF, TAPSE, and LVSVI significantly decreased in the MACE group, while the RVESVI significantly increased (p < 0.05). TAPSE ≤ 15.65 mm and LVSVI ≤ 30.27 mL/m2 were significant independent predictors of prognosis in PH patients. CONCLUSION: CHD-PH had a higher RV function reserve but lowest LVEF comparing to other subgroups. TAPSE and LVSVI could contribute to the prediction of MACE in PH patients. KEY POINTS: • CMR imaging is a noninvasive and accurate tool to assess ventricular function. • CHD-PH had higher RV function reserve but lowest LVEF. • TAPSE and LVSVI could contribute to the prediction of MACE in PH patients.

Genome Sequencing Technology used to Explore the 6mA Methylation Level of Silent Alpha-Thalassemia in Postmenopausal Women.

BACKGROUND: Based on whole-genome sequencing technology our aim is to explore the expression of the alpha-thalassemia trait during menopause period at the 6mA methylation site and evaluate the significance in clinical diagnosis. METHODS: In this study, we collected peripheral blood from the women in the postmenopausal period in our hospital and used the method of (ChIP-seq) immunoprecipitation assay combined with next genome sequencing technology to select the 6mA site and differentially expressed genes and KEGG pathways and thereby investigate the clinical significance of the 6mA methylation site in women with thalassemia. RESULTS: A total of 38,879 methylation sites were selected, covering a wide range of CpG island and reference sequence genes. Methylation sites are located in different regions of the gene. PKA, PIK3C, CREB1, HSP90A, ITPR1, HSPA, and SOS were significantly enriched at the 6mA radicalization site and KEGG pathways, p < 0.01. CONCLUSIONS: The 6mA methylation site of alpha-thalassemia trait in menopause was less distributed than that of healthy controls and mainly distributed in introns. Estrogen signaling pathways may affect alpha-thalassemia in menopause through the 6mA methylation of differentially expressed genes.

Evaluating the clinical significance of SHMT2 and its co-expressed gene in human kidney cancer.

BACKGROUND: Kidney cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. It is necessary to clarify its underlying mechanism and find its prognostic biomarkers. Current studies showed that SHMT2 may be participated in several kinds of cancer. METHODS: Our studies investigated the expression of SHMT2 in kidney cancer by Oncomine, Human Protein Atlas database and ULCAN database. Meanwhile, we found its co-expression gene by cBioPortal online tool and validated their relationship in A498 and ACHN cells by cell transfection, western blot and qRT-PCR. Besides these, we also explored their prognostic values via the Kaplan-Meier plotter database in different types of kidney cancer patients. RESULTS: SHMT2 was found to be increased in 7 kidney cancer datasets, compared to normal renal tissues. For the cancer stages, ages and races, there existed significant difference in the expression of SHMT2 among different groups by mining of the UALCAN database. High SHMT2 expression is associated with poor overall survival in patients with kidney cancer. Among all co-expressed genes, NDUFA4L2 and SHMT2 had a high co-expression efficient. SHMT2 overexpression led to the increased expression of NDUFA4L2 at both mRNA and protein levels. Like SHMT2, overexpressed NDUFA4L2 also was associated with worse overall survival in patients with kidney cancer. CONCLUSION: Based on above results, overexpressed SHMT2 and its co-expressed gene NDUFA4L2 were all correlated with the prognosis in kidney cancer. The present study might be benefit for better understanding the clinical significance of SHMT2 and provided a potential therapeutic target for kidney cancer in future.

Relationships between Tertiary relict and circumboreal woodland floras: a case study in Chimaphila (Ericaceae).

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Tertiary relict and Arctic/circumboreal distributions are two major patterns of Northern Hemisphere intercontinental disjunctions with very different histories. Each has been well researched, but members of one biome have generally not been incorporated in the biogeographical analyses of the other, and links or transitions between these two biomes have rarely been addressed. METHODS: Phylogenies of Chimaphila were generated based on cpDNA and nuclear ITS, using Bayesian and maximum likelihood methods. A time-calibrated phylogeny was generated using BEAST. Ancestral area reconstruction was inferred using both statistical dispersal-vicariance analysis and a dispersal-extinction-cladogenesis model. KEY RESULTS: The Chimaphila crown group was estimated to have originated in the early Miocene. The lineages of C. umbellata diverged early, but its present circumboreal distribution was not achieved until around the middle Pliocene or later. Sister to this is a clade of four species with Tertiary relict distribution. Among these, two expansions occurred from North America to Asia, probably via the Bering Land Bridge, generating its current disjunctions. CONCLUSIONS: Our data concur with a few other studies, indicating that the circumboreal woodland biome has an older origin than most true Arctic-alpine taxa, having gradually recruited taxa since the early Oligocene. For the origin of Asia-North America disjunctions in Chimaphila, an 'out-of-America' migration was supported. It is not clear in which direction Pyroloideae lineages moved between Tertiary relict disjunctions and Arctic/circumboreal distributions; each biome might have recruited species from the other.

[Application of DNA metabarcoding technology in identification of Chinese patent medicines].

Metabarcoding technology is a research method derived from the combination of traditional DNA barcodes and highthroughput sequencing technologies. It can quickly,easily and efficiently identify and restore biological samples from multiple species.Biological species are currently widely used in environmental biology research. In the market of traditional Chinese medicines,adulteration and quality instability have severely restricted the sustainable development of the related industries. This article introduced the background of the metabarcoding technology and its preliminary application in the identification of Chinese patent medicines. It also outlined the possible problems in the research process and prospected to the development of the DNA metabarcoding technology.

[Collection and sorting of medicinal plants in Chinese Apiaceae( Umbelliferae)].

The family Apiaceae( Umbelliferae) includes some of the world's most important medicinal plants,with more than 100 species recorded in the traditional Chinese medicine,of which more than ten species are commonly used medicinal materials. However,due to morphological similarities,high market demands and regional factors,substitutes and adulterants are often mixed with genuine in the medicinal market. Therefore,a comprehensive sorting for these poorly known plants has been done in this study by combining market survey with literature review,including its species,distribution,price and substitutes. According to the statistics,there are 65 genera and 262 species of medicinal plants of Apiaceae in China,with medicinal part mostly from radix and rhizoma. Sichuan province is the most abundant in distribution and planting resources,with about 137 species,followed by Yunnan,Hubei and Gansu provinces.Furthermore,we summarized the genuine and substitutes of 11 medicinal plants,e. g. Bupleurum,Angelica and Peucedanum etc.,which found that the medicinal plants of Apiaceae were substituted or mixed in different taxonomic ranks. This study would contribute to reduce the risk of medicine misuse,as well as explore other plants of Apiaceae with potential medicinal value,to achieve sustainable development of related industries.

A Preliminary Study of Aroma Composition and Impact Odorants of Cabernet Franc Wines under Different Terrain Conditions of the Loess Plateau Region (China).

Due to its appropriate climate characteristics, the Loess Plateau region is considered to be one of the biggest optimal regions for producing high-quality mountain wine in China. However, the complex landform conditions of vineyards are conducive to the formation of mountainous microclimates, which ultimately influence the wine quality. This study aimed to elucidate the influences of three terrain conditions of the Loess Plateau region on the aroma compounds of Cabernet Franc wines by using solid phase microextraction (SPME) with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 40, 36 and 35 volatiles were identified and quantified from the flat, lower slope and higher slope vineyards, respectively. Esters were the largest group of volatiles, accounting for 54.6⁻56.6% of total volatiles, followed by alcohols. Wines from the slope lands had the higher levels of aroma compounds than that from flat land. According to their aroma-active values (OAVs), ethyl hexanoate, ethyl octanoate and isoamyl acetate were the most powerful compounds among the eight impact odorants, showing only quantitative but not qualitative differences between the three terrain wines. The shapes of the OAVs for three terrain wines were very similar.

Four-Shell Polyoxometalates Featuring High-Nuclearity Ln26 Clusters: Structural Transformations of Nanoclusters into Frameworks Triggered by Transition-Metal Ions.

A series of polyoxometalates (POMs) that incorporate the highest-nuclearity Ln clusters that have been observed in such structures to date (Ln26 , Ln=La and Ce) are described, which exhibit giant multishell configurations (Ln⊂W6 ⊂Ln26 ⊂W100 ). Their structures are remarkably different from known giant POMs that feature multiple Ln ions. In particular, the incorporated Ln-O clusters with a nuclearity of 26 are significantly larger than known high-nuclearity (≤10) Ln-O clusters in POM chemistry. Furthermore, they also contain the largest number of La and Ce centers for any POM reported to date and represent a new kind of rare giant POMs with more than 100 W atoms. Interestingly, the La26 -containing POM can undergo a single-crystal to single-crystal structural transformation in the presence of various transition-metal ions, such as Cu2+ , Co2+ , and Ni2+ , from an inorganic molecular nanocluster into an inorganic-organic hybrid extended framework that is built from POM building blocks with even higher-nuclearity La28 clusters bridged by transition-metal complexes.

Seed-Mediated Growth of Silver Nanocubes in Aqueous Solution with Tunable Size and Their Conversion to Au Nanocages with Efficient Photothermal Property.

Two seed-mediated approaches for the growth of silver nanocubes in aqueous solution have been developed. Addition of a silver-seed solution to a mixture of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), silver trifluoroacetate, and ascorbic acid and heating the solution at 60 °C for 1.5 h produces uniform Ag nanocubes with tunable sizes from 23 to 60 nm by simply adjusting the volume of silver-seed solution introduced. Alternatively, the silver-seed solution can be injected into a mixture of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), silver nitrate, copper sulfate, and ascorbic acid and heated to 80 °C for 2 h to generate 46 nm silver nanocubes. Plate-like Ag nanocrystals exposing {111} surfaces can be synthesized by reducing Ag(NH3 )2 (+) with ascorbic acid in a CTAC solution. Relatively large Ag nanocubes were converted to cuboctahedral Au/Ag and Au nanocages and nanoframes with empty {111} faces through a galvanic replacement reaction. The nanocages showed a progressive plasmonic band red-shift with increasing Au content. The nanocages exhibited high and stable photothermal efficiency with solution temperatures quickly reaching beyond 100 °C when irradiated with an 808 nm laser for large heat and water vapor generation.

Highly Facet-Dependent Photocatalytic Properties of Cu2 O Crystals Established through the Formation of Au-Decorated Cu2 O Heterostructures.

This work confirms the presence of a large facet-dependent photocatalytic activity of Cu2 O crystals through sparse deposition of gold particles on Cu2 O cubes, octahedra, and rhombic dodecahedra. Au-decorated Cu2 O rhombic dodecahedra and octahedra showed greatly enhanced photodegradation rates of methyl orange resulting from a better separation of the photogenerated electrons and holes, with the rhombic dodecahedra giving the best efficiency. Au-Cu2 O core-shell rhombic dodecahedra also displayed a better photocatalytic activity than pristine rhombic dodecahedra. However, Au-deposited Cu2 O cubes, pristine cubes, and Au-deposited small nanocubes bound by entirely {100} facets are all photocatalytically inactive. X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) showed identical copper peak positions for these Au-decorated crystals. Remarkably, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements indicated a higher production of hydroxyl radicals for the photoirradiated Cu2 O rhombic dodecahedra than for the octahedra, but no radicals were produced from photoirradiated Cu2 O cubes. The Cu2 O {100} face may present a high energy barrier through its large band edge bending and/or electrostatic repulsion, preventing charge carriers from reaching to this surface. The conventional photocatalysis model fails in this case. The facet-dependent photocatalytic differences should be observable in other semiconductor systems whenever a photoinduced charge-transfer process occurs across an interface.