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1.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 30(9): 1934-1938, 2024 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39174031

RESUMEN

Severe babesiosis with 9.8% parasitemia was diagnosed in a patient in the Netherlands who had previously undergone splenectomy. We confirmed Babesia venatorum using PCR and sequencing. B. venatorum was also the most prevalent species in Ixodes ricinus ticks collected around the patient's home. Our findings warrant awareness for severe babesiosis in similar patients.


Asunto(s)
Babesia , Babesiosis , Babesiosis/diagnóstico , Babesiosis/parasitología , Babesia/genética , Babesia/aislamiento & purificación , Babesia/clasificación , Humanos , Países Bajos , Animales , Masculino , Esplenectomía , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ixodes/parasitología
2.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 30(9): 1972-1974, 2024 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39174026

RESUMEN

We report a case of autochthonous human babesiosis in Hungary, confirmed by PCR and partial sequencing of the Babesia spp. 18S rRNA gene. Babesiosis should be considered during the differential diagnosis of febrile illnesses, and peripheral blood smears to detect Babesia spp. should be part of the routine clinical workup.


Asunto(s)
Babesia , Babesiosis , ARN Ribosómico 18S , Babesiosis/diagnóstico , Babesiosis/parasitología , Humanos , Hungría , Babesia/genética , Babesia/aislamiento & purificación , Babesia/clasificación , ARN Ribosómico 18S/genética , Masculino , Filogenia , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa
3.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 30(10): 2165-2168, 2024 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39320329

RESUMEN

We describe a case of autochthonous human Babesia divergens infection in an immunocompetent woman in England. The patient had fever, hemolysis, multiorgan failure, and 18% parasitemia. We confirmed B. divergens by 18S rDNA PCR and sequencing. Clinicians should consider babesiosis as a differential diagnosis in patients with unexplained hemolysis.


Asunto(s)
Babesia , Babesiosis , Humanos , Babesiosis/diagnóstico , Babesiosis/parasitología , Babesia/genética , Babesia/aislamiento & purificación , Babesia/clasificación , Femenino , Inglaterra , ARN Ribosómico 18S/genética , Persona de Mediana Edad , Filogenia
4.
Microb Pathog ; 192: 106721, 2024 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38815776

RESUMEN

Ticks play an important role in the transmission of parasitic diseases, especially pathogenic protozoa in canine hosts, and it is very important to determine the role and extent of their infection with these pathogens in order to determine important control strategies. This study assessed the molecular prevalence of three protozoan pathogens including Hepatozoon canis, Leishmania spp. and Babesia spp., in ticks using PCR. A total 300 stray dogs were investigated and 691 ticks (171 male, 377 female and 143 nymph) were detected directly from 45 infested dogs. Species, stage of growth, and gender were determined for each tick. DNA extracted from 224 ticks (26 male, 165 female and 33 nymph). The molecular presence of three protozoan pathogens including Hepatozoon spp. (18S rRNA gene), Leishmania infantum (kinetoplastid minicircle DNA) and Babesia spp. (ssrRNA gene) were investigated using PCR method. One species of ticks, Rhipicephalus sanguineus was identified. Two of the target pathogens, Hepatozoon spp. (7/83; 8.43 %) and Babesia spp. (1/83; 1.2 %), were detected by PCR method. Sequence analysis of the ssrRNA gene of detected Babesia spp. showed a close relationship to the deposited strains of Babesia vulpis in the gene bank. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to undertake a phylogenetic analysis of H. canis and Babesia spp. in stray dogs in Alborz province, Iran and the first report about molecular detection of Babesia vulpis from tick infesting dogs in Iran. According to the above results, it seems necessary to implement tick control programs in dogs.


Asunto(s)
Babesia , Enfermedades de los Perros , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 18S , Animales , Perros , Irán/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Babesia/genética , Babesia/aislamiento & purificación , Babesia/clasificación , Femenino , Masculino , ARN Ribosómico 18S/genética , ADN Protozoario/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Rhipicephalus sanguineus/parasitología , Garrapatas/parasitología , Eucoccidiida/genética , Eucoccidiida/aislamiento & purificación , Eucoccidiida/clasificación , Leishmania infantum/genética , Leishmania infantum/aislamiento & purificación , Leishmania infantum/clasificación , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/veterinaria , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/epidemiología , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/parasitología , Leishmania/genética , Leishmania/clasificación , Leishmania/aislamiento & purificación
5.
BMC Vet Res ; 20(1): 302, 2024 Jul 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38978113

RESUMEN

Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. are tick-borne protozoan parasites with veterinary importance. In China, epidemiological and genetic investigations on many Babesia and Theileria species were still absent in many areas and many tick species. From Aug 2021 to May 2023, 645 ticks were collected from the body surface of domestic animals (camels, goats, sheep, and cattle) using tweezers in seven counties in three provinces including Xinjiang (Qitai, Mulei, Hutubi, and Shihezi counties), Chongqing (Youyang and Yunyang counties), and Qinghai (Huangzhong county). Three tick species were morphologically and molecularly identified (334 Hyalomma asiaticum from Xinjiang, 245 Rhipicephalus microplus from Chongqing, and 66 Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis from Qinghai). A total of three Babesia species and two Theileria species were detected targeting the 18S gene. The COI and cytb sequences were also recovered from Babesia strains for further identification. In R. microplus from Chongqing, Babesia bigemina, the agent of bovine babesiosis, was detected. Notably, in H. asiaticum ticks from Xinjiang, a putative novel genotype of Babesia caballi was identified (0.90%, 3/334), whose COI and cytb genes have as low as 85.82% and 90.64-90.91% nucleotide identities to currently available sequences. It is noteworthy whether the sequence differences of its cytb contribute to the drug resistance of this variant due to the involvement of cytb in the drug resistance of Babesia. In addition, Theileria orientalis and Theileria annulata were detected in R. microplus from Chongqing (12.20%, 31/245) and H. asiaticum from Xinjiang (1.50%, 5/334), respectively. These results suggest that these protozoan parasites may be circulating in domestic animals in these areas. The pathogenicity of the novel genotype of B. caballi also warrants further investigation.


Asunto(s)
Babesia , Genotipo , Theileria , Animales , Babesia/genética , Babesia/aislamiento & purificación , Babesia/clasificación , Theileria/genética , Theileria/aislamiento & purificación , China/epidemiología , Bovinos , Filogenia , Ixodidae/parasitología , Ovinos , Babesiosis/parasitología , Babesiosis/epidemiología , Theileriosis/epidemiología , Theileriosis/parasitología , Cabras
6.
Exp Parasitol ; 265: 108813, 2024 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39117169

RESUMEN

Babesia duncani, responsible for human babesiosis, is one of the most important tick-borne intraerythrocytic pathogens. Traditionally, babesiosis is definitively diagnosed by detecting parasite DNA in blood samples and examining Babesia parasites in Giemsa-stained peripheral blood smears. Although these techniques are valuable for determining Babesia duncani, they are often time-consuming and laborious. Therefore, developing rapid and reliable B. duncani identification assays is essential for subsequent epidemiological investigations and prevention and control. In this study, a cross-priming amplification (CPA) assay was developed, combined with a vertical flow visualization strip, to rapidly and accurately detect B. duncani infection. The detection limit of this method was as low as 0.98 pg/µl of genomic DNA from B. duncani merozoites per reaction at 59 °C for 60 min. There were no cross-reactions between B. duncani and other piroplasms infective to humans and mammals. A total of 592 blood samples from patients bitten by ticks and experimental infected hamsters were accurately assessed using CPA assay. The average cost of the CPA assay is as low as approximately $ 0.2 per person. These findings indicate that the CPA assay may therefore be a rapid screening tool for detection B. duncani infection, based on its accuracy, speed, and cost-effectiveness, particularly in resource-limited regions with a high prevalence of human babesiosis.


Asunto(s)
Babesia , Babesiosis , ADN Protozoario , Técnicas de Amplificación de Ácido Nucleico , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Animales , Babesiosis/diagnóstico , Babesiosis/parasitología , Babesia/aislamiento & purificación , Babesia/genética , Babesia/clasificación , Humanos , Técnicas de Amplificación de Ácido Nucleico/métodos , Técnicas de Amplificación de Ácido Nucleico/economía , Técnicas de Amplificación de Ácido Nucleico/normas , ADN Protozoario/aislamiento & purificación , ADN Protozoario/sangre , ADN Protozoario/análisis , Cricetinae , Límite de Detección
7.
Exp Parasitol ; 262: 108786, 2024 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38762200

RESUMEN

Piroplasmids and Hepatozoon spp. Are apicomplexan protozoa that may cause disease in several canid species. The present study aimed to expand the knowledge on the diversity of piroplasmids and Hepatozoon in crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous; n = 12) sampled in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul State, central-western Brazil. PCR assays based on the 18S rRNA were used as screening. Three (25%) and 11 (91.7%) were positive for piroplasmids and Hepatozoon spp., respectively. Co-infection was found in three C. thous. Phylogenetic analyses based on the near-complete 18S rRNA, cox-1 and hsp70 genes evidenced the occurrence of a novel of Babesia spp. (namely Babesia pantanalensis nov. sp.) closely related to Rangelia vitalii and Babesia sp. 'Coco'. This finding was supported by the genetic divergence analysis which showed (i) high divergence, ranging from 4.17 to 5.62% for 18 S rRNA, 6.16% for hps70 and 4.91-9.25% for cox-1 and (ii) the genotype network (which displayed sequences separated from the previously described Piroplasmida species by median vectors and several mutational events). Also, phylogenetic analysis based on the 18S rRNA gene of Hepatozoon spp. positioned the sequences obtained herein in a clade phylogenetically related to Hepatozoon sp. 'Curupira 2', Hepatozoon sp. detected in domestic and wild canids from Uruguay and Hepatozoon americanum. The present study described Babesia pantanalensis nov sp. and Hepatozoon closely related to H. americanum in crab-eating foxes from Brazil. Moreover, the coinfection by piroplasmids and Hepatozoon sp. for the first time in crab-eating foxes strongly suggesting that this wild canid species potentially acts as a bio-accumulate of hemoprotozoan in wild environment.


Asunto(s)
Babesia , Babesiosis , Coccidiosis , ADN Protozoario , Genotipo , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 18S , Animales , Babesia/genética , Babesia/clasificación , Babesia/aislamiento & purificación , ARN Ribosómico 18S/genética , Babesiosis/parasitología , Babesiosis/epidemiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Coccidiosis/veterinaria , Coccidiosis/parasitología , Coccidiosis/epidemiología , ADN Protozoario/química , ADN Protozoario/aislamiento & purificación , Eucoccidiida/genética , Eucoccidiida/clasificación , Eucoccidiida/aislamiento & purificación , Ciclooxigenasa 1/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Proteínas HSP70 de Choque Térmico/genética , Coinfección/veterinaria , Coinfección/parasitología , Zorros/parasitología , Canidae/parasitología , Complejo IV de Transporte de Electrones/genética
8.
Parasitol Res ; 123(7): 261, 2024 Jul 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38967653

RESUMEN

Ticks are blood-sucking arthropods that can transmit pathogens to their host. As insular ecosystems can enhance tick-host interactions, this study aimed to understand tick diversity, pathogen presence, and their respective associations in the Azores and Madeira archipelagos. Unfed or partially engorged ticks (n = 120) were collected from 58 cats and dogs in the Azores (n = 41 specimens) and Madeira (n = 79 specimens) from November 2018 to March 2019. Vector identification was based on morphology and molecular criteria. For pathogen sequencing, 18S gene fragment for Babesia/Hepatozoon and gltA for Rickettsia were performed. Sequence data was explored using BLAST and BLAST and phylogenetic inference tools. In the Azores, Ixodes hexagonus, I. ventalloi, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (n = 6; 14.6%, n = 6; 14.6%, and n = 29; 70.7% respectively) were found and in Madeira I. ricinus and R. sanguineus (n = 78, 98.7%; and n = 1, 1.3%; respectively) were identified. Tick COI markers confirmed species highlighting confirmation of R. sanguineus s.s. and genotype A of I. ventalloi. In the Azores Islands, the detected Rickettsia massiliae was linked to R. sanguineus (dogs and cats) and I. hexagonus (dogs), and in Madeira Island, R. monacensis (dogs) and Hepatozoon silvestris (cats) were found associated with I. ricinus. Further, I. ventalloi presence in the Azores expands west its known range, and Hepatozoon silvestris in Madeira may suggest that I. ricinus could have a role as a potential vector. Finally, as R. massiliae and R. monacensis presence underlines public health risks, surveillance by health authorities is crucial as pathogen-tick interactions may drive disease spread, therefore monitoring remains pivotal for disease prevention.


Asunto(s)
Babesia , Rickettsia , Animales , Azores , Gatos , Rickettsia/aislamiento & purificación , Rickettsia/genética , Rickettsia/clasificación , Babesia/genética , Babesia/aislamiento & purificación , Babesia/clasificación , Perros , Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Filogenia , Enfermedades de los Gatos/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/microbiología , Ixodes/microbiología , Ixodes/parasitología , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/veterinaria , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/parasitología , Rhipicephalus sanguineus/microbiología , Rhipicephalus sanguineus/parasitología , Coccidios/genética , Coccidios/aislamiento & purificación , Coccidios/clasificación , Eucoccidiida/genética , Eucoccidiida/aislamiento & purificación , Eucoccidiida/clasificación
9.
Parasitol Res ; 123(7): 279, 2024 Jul 20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39031213

RESUMEN

Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is a global worldwide infection, which can lead to the death of animals. Despite the causative agents of EP being well studied, there are no data on the distribution and genetic characteristics of EP agents in any region of Russia. In this study, blood samples from 750 horses from Novosibirsk province, Irkutsk province, and Altai region of Russian Siberia were examined for the presence of EP agents. Theileria equi and Babesia caballi were detected in all examined regions, with mean prevalence rates of 60.4% and 7.2%, respectively. The identified pathogens were genetically characterized by the 18S rRNA gene. The determined T. equi sequences were highly conserved and belonged to genotypes A and E, with genotype E being found in 88.6% of genotyped samples. In contrast to T. equi, B. caballi sequences were genetically diverse. Seven sequence variants of B. caballi were identified, and only two of them matched known sequences from the GenBank database. The determined B. caballi sequences belonged to four distinct branches within genotype A. Mixed infections with several variants of B. caballi or with T. equi and B. caballi were common. The conducted phylogenetic analysis based on all available B. caballi sequences of the 18S rRNA gene (> 900 bp) from GenBank and from this study first demonstrated the presence of five monophyletic clusters within genotype A and three clusters within genotype B. Thus, the genetic study of B. caballi from Siberia has significantly expanded the data on the genetic diversity of this pathogen.


Asunto(s)
Babesia , Babesiosis , Variación Genética , Genotipo , Enfermedades de los Caballos , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 18S , Theileria , Theileriosis , Animales , Theileria/genética , Theileria/clasificación , Theileria/aislamiento & purificación , Babesia/genética , Babesia/clasificación , Babesia/aislamiento & purificación , Babesiosis/epidemiología , Babesiosis/parasitología , Caballos/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Caballos/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Caballos/epidemiología , Theileriosis/epidemiología , Theileriosis/parasitología , ARN Ribosómico 18S/genética , Prevalencia , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , ADN Protozoario/genética , Siberia/epidemiología , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , ADN Ribosómico/genética , ADN Ribosómico/química
10.
Parasitol Res ; 123(8): 287, 2024 Jul 31.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39083117

RESUMEN

Piroplasm including Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. in cattle can cause illness that affects livestock productivity, resulting in significant production losses, especially in tropical and subtropical regions such as Thailand. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of bovine piroplasms and to identify these blood parasites based on the 18S ribosomal RNA gene in cattle in the northeastern part of Thailand. Piroplasmid infections among beef and dairy cattle were examined using nested PCR. Furthermore, amplicon DNA was sequenced and analyzed, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed to determine the genetic diversity and relationships of the parasite in each area. A total of 141 out of 215 (65.6%) cattle were positive for infection with Babesia or Theileria. DNA analysis revealed that infection by Babesia bigemina, Babesia bovis, Theileria orientalis, Theileria sinensis, and Theileria sp. were common piroplasms in cattle in this region, with a high sequence shared identity and similarity with each other and clustered with isolates from other countries. This study provides information on the molecular epidemiology and genetic identification of Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. in beef and dairy cattle to provide a better understanding of piroplasm infection in cattle in this region, which will help control these blood parasites. Moreover, this is the first report identifying T. sinensis circulating among Thai cattle.


Asunto(s)
Babesia , Babesiosis , Enfermedades de los Bovinos , ADN Protozoario , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 18S , Theileria , Theileriosis , Animales , Bovinos , Tailandia/epidemiología , Theileria/genética , Theileria/aislamiento & purificación , Theileria/clasificación , Babesiosis/parasitología , Babesiosis/epidemiología , Theileriosis/epidemiología , Theileriosis/parasitología , Babesia/genética , Babesia/clasificación , Babesia/aislamiento & purificación , ARN Ribosómico 18S/genética , ADN Protozoario/genética , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Variación Genética , ADN Ribosómico/genética , ADN Ribosómico/química , Análisis por Conglomerados
11.
J Vector Borne Dis ; 61(2): 259-266, 2024 Apr 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38922661

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES: Vector-borne haemoprotozoan diseases comprise diverse group of single celled organism transmitted by haematophagus invertebrates. The current study was aimed at the identification of major haemoprotozoan (Babesia, Theileria and Trypanosoma) in dromedary camel of North Gujarat region in India using microscopy and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). METHODS: A total of 234 blood samples were screened by the microscopic and molecular detection assays. Molecular prevalence studies of Theileria, Trypanosoma spp and Babesia was undertaken using 18s ribosomal DNA, RoTat 1.2 and SS rRNA gene respectively. The data relating to microscopic and molecular prevalence along with associated risk factors were analysed by statistical methods. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of hamoprotozoan disease based on microscopic and molecular investigation was 23.50%. The sensitivity and specificity (95% Confidence Interval) of PCR assay was 100% in comparison to microscopy (45.45 % sensitive and 100 % specific). The kappa coefficient between PCR and microscopy indicated good level of agreement with a value of 0.704 and SE of 0.159. INTERPRETATION CONCLUSION: Despite holding much significance to the animal sector, little work has been undertaken in regional parts of India regarding camel parasites. The present study offers first preliminary research data investigating haemoprotozoan disease using parasitological and molecular methods in camels in the region.


Asunto(s)
Babesia , Camelus , Microscopía , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , ARN Ribosómico 18S , Theileria , Theileriosis , Trypanosoma , Animales , Camelus/parasitología , India/epidemiología , Trypanosoma/genética , Trypanosoma/aislamiento & purificación , Trypanosoma/clasificación , Theileria/genética , Theileria/aislamiento & purificación , Theileria/clasificación , Babesia/genética , Babesia/aislamiento & purificación , Babesia/clasificación , Theileriosis/epidemiología , Theileriosis/parasitología , ARN Ribosómico 18S/genética , ADN Protozoario/genética , Babesiosis/epidemiología , Babesiosis/parasitología , Prevalencia , Masculino , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Tripanosomiasis/veterinaria , Tripanosomiasis/epidemiología , Tripanosomiasis/parasitología , Femenino , Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores/epidemiología , Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores/parasitología , ADN Ribosómico/genética
12.
Trop Anim Health Prod ; 56(8): 282, 2024 Sep 26.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39322769

RESUMEN

Babesia bigemina and Theileria annulata are tick-borne protozoans that cause piroplasmosis in cattle, resulting in huge damages to the livestock industry. The prevalence of these infections depends on various intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors. In Pakistan, there is no information regarding the molecular characterization of Babesia bigemina and the risk factors associated with piroplasmosis. This study aimed to molecularly characterize Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. infecting various cattle breeds in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, and to shed light on risk factors associated with these infections. Altogether, 219 blood samples were collected from various symptomatic cattle breeds, including Holstein Friesian (65.3%; 143/219), Jersey (21.5%; 47/219) and Sahiwal (13.2%; 29/219). Isolated genomic DNA from these blood samples was used in PCR for the amplification of the 18S rRNA fragment of apicomplexan parasites. Obtained 18S rDNA sequences from cattle hosts showed 99.5% identity with B. bigemina, or 100% with T. annulata. Having an overall infection rate of 61.6% (135/219), the highest infection rate was recorded for T. annulata (43.8%; 95/219), followed by B. bigemina (18.3%; 40/219). Phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA sequences revealed that B. bigemina clustered with corresponding species reported from Bolivia, and South Africa, while T. annulata grouped with same species from Italy, India, and Turkey. Among the different risk factors, the breed, season, and tick infestation were found to have a significant (P < 0.05) association with the piroplasmid infections. The information obtained in this study can be employed for effective surveillance and control of babesiosis and theileriosis in Pakistan. In addition to confirming our previous molecular detection of T. annulata in cattle, this study provides the first molecular surveillance and phylogenetic position of B. bigemina and associated risk factors in the study region.


Asunto(s)
Babesia , Babesiosis , Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 18S , Theileria annulata , Theileriosis , Bovinos , Animales , Babesia/aislamiento & purificación , Babesia/genética , Babesia/clasificación , Theileriosis/epidemiología , Theileriosis/parasitología , Babesiosis/epidemiología , Babesiosis/parasitología , Theileria annulata/genética , Theileria annulata/aislamiento & purificación , Factores de Riesgo , Pakistán/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/parasitología , ARN Ribosómico 18S/análisis , ARN Ribosómico 18S/genética , Prevalencia , ADN Protozoario/análisis , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Femenino
13.
Exp Parasitol ; 246: 108461, 2023 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36642297

RESUMEN

The prevalence of canine babesiosis due to Babesia gibsoni has increased throughout the world including in southern India. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based molecular characterization of B. gibsoni in dogs of Kerala, south India, targeting three specific genes viz., apical membrane antigen (AMA1), 50 kDa surface antigen (P50), and heat shock protein (HSP70) was undertaken in this study. Out of 297 blood samples collected from clinically suspected animals, microscopy detected piroplasms of B. gibsoni in 60 (20.20 per cent), while the PCR targeting the BgP50 gene detected 85 (28.61 per cent). Polymerase chain reaction targeting the BgAMA1 and BgHSP70 detected a lesser number of samples (60 and 65 respectively) as positive. The phylogenetic analysis of BgHSP70 gene sequences did not reveal genetic heterogeneity among the B. gibsoni isolates of South India and from other countries, while the BgP50 gene differentiated the Indian isolates from Japanese isolates. When BgAMA1 was used for phylogenetic analysis, genetic variation was not observed among Indian and Taiwanese isolates, however, differentiated them from the Japanese isolates.


Asunto(s)
Babesia , Babesiosis , Enfermedades de los Perros , Animales , Perros , Antígenos de Superficie , Babesia/clasificación , Babesia/genética , Babesiosis/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Proteínas HSP70 de Choque Térmico/genética , Filogenia
14.
Mol Microbiol ; 115(5): 882-890, 2021 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33274587

RESUMEN

Babesia species are tick-borne intracellular parasites that infect the red blood cells of their mammalian host, leading to severe or fatal disease. Babesia spp. infect a wide range of mammalian species and cause a significant economic burden globally, predominantly through disease in cattle. Several Babesia spp. are increasingly being recognized as zoonotic pathogens of humans. Babesia spp. have complex life cycles involving multiple stages in the tick and the mammalian host. The parasite utilizes complex signaling pathways during replication, egress, and invasion in each of these stages. They must also rapidly respond to their environment when switching between the mammalian and tick stages. This review will focus on the signaling pathways and environmental stimuli that Babesia spp. utilize in the bloodstream and for transmission to the tick, with an emphasis on the role of phosphorylation- and calcium-based signaling during egress and invasion. The expanding availability of in vitro and in vivo culture systems, genomes, transcriptomes, and transgenic systems available for a range of Babesia spp. should encourage further biological and translational studies of these ubiquitous parasites.


Asunto(s)
Babesia/crecimiento & desarrollo , Babesia/metabolismo , Babesiosis/parasitología , Animales , Babesia/clasificación , Babesia/genética , Babesiosis/transmisión , Humanos , Estadios del Ciclo de Vida , Proteínas Protozoarias/genética , Proteínas Protozoarias/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Garrapatas/parasitología
15.
Lett Appl Microbiol ; 72(4): 476-483, 2021 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33306194

RESUMEN

In this study, we conducted molecular detection and characterization of piroplasms that infect the Ethiopian or desert hedgehogs (Paraechinus aethiopicus) in Saudi Arabia. Blood samples from 112 (68 males and 44 females) desert hedgehogs from Unaizah, Central Saudi Arabia were screened for Theileria/Babesia DNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) employing specific primers amplifying the partial 18S small subunit rRNA gene. Theileria DNA was detected in 51 samples (45·5%), giving a prevalence of 45·5%. Theileria DNA was found in 33 (48·5%) males and 18 (40·9%) females, and there was no significant difference (P > 0·05) in the prevalence between males and females. Similarly, there was no significant difference (P > 0·05) in the prevalence between juveniles (40%) and adults (46·7%). There was a significant difference in the prevalence of Theileria in hedgehogs collected from May to September and the period from October to April (P = 0·003). Four haplotypes of Theileria sp. in hedgehogs were detected and designated as H1-H4. H1 was the predominant haplotype and found in 80·8% of the positive individuals. Partial sequences of the 18S rRNA of Theileria sp. from hedgehogs grouped with Theileria spp. that are benign. This study is the first report of the occurrence of Theileria spp. in Saudi Arabian desert hedgehogs.


Asunto(s)
Babesia/clasificación , Babesia/genética , Erizos/parasitología , Theileria/clasificación , Theileria/genética , Animales , Babesia/aislamiento & purificación , Femenino , Masculino , Filogenia , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , ARN Ribosómico 18S/genética , Arabia Saudita , Estaciones del Año , Theileria/aislamiento & purificación
16.
Parasitol Res ; 120(7): 2681-2687, 2021 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34110503

RESUMEN

Babesial parasites are some of the most ubiquitous blood pathogens and consequently have considerable worldwide veterinary impact. Dogs living in the tropics are highly exposed to babesial parasites, particularly to Babesia vogeli. Limited data on the seroprevalence and molecular prevalence of Babesia spp. in dogs are available in Latin America. We conducted a cross-sectional study combining serological and molecular tests to estimate the seroprevalence and molecular epidemiology of Babesia spp. infections in dogs in two hyperendemic foci in Brazil. A total of 630 privately owned dogs (417 from Goiana municipality, Pernambuco state, north-eastern Brazil, and 213 from São Joaquim de Bicas municipality, Minas Gerais state, south-eastern Brazil) were sampled and molecularly and serologically tested for Babesia spp. Overall, 519 dogs (82.4%) presented detectable IgG antibodies against Babesia spp., and seropositivity was significantly higher in dogs older than 1 year. Molecularly, 34 dogs (5.4%) were positive for a ~ 200 bp fragment of the 18S rRNA gene of Babesia spp. and 88 (14.0%) for a longer fragment (~ 450 bp) of the same gene of Babesia spp. and other protozoa. The 18S rRNA gene sequences generated herein corresponded to B. vogeli (n = 52) or Hepatozoon canis (n = 20). This study confirms a high level of exposure to B. vogeli in two areas of Brazil and highlights that most of the dogs living in these areas are infected during the course of their life, reflected by increased seroprevalence in older dogs. Increased awareness and prevention of tick-borne protozoa infections in dogs from Brazil and Latin America are urgently needed.


Asunto(s)
Babesiosis/epidemiología , Babesiosis/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Factores de Edad , Animales , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/sangre , Babesia/clasificación , Babesia/genética , Babesia/inmunología , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , ADN Protozoario/química , ADN Protozoario/aislamiento & purificación , Perros , Enfermedades Endémicas/veterinaria , Femenino , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Masculino , Epidemiología Molecular , Filogenia , Prevalencia , ARN Ribosómico 18S/genética , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Enfermedades por Picaduras de Garrapatas/epidemiología
17.
Parasitol Res ; 120(1): 267-276, 2021 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33225402

RESUMEN

Tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) in dogs have attracted much attention over the last decade since some are now known to be zoonotic and pose a threat to both animal and human health sectors. Despite the increase in the number of studies on canine TBPs worldwide, only a few studies have been conducted in resource-limited countries where research priority is given to food animals than companion animals. In the present study, the occurrence of TBPs of the genera Babesia, Hepatozoon, Anaplasma, and Ehrlichia was investigated in 209 owned and stray dogs in three major cities in Malawi through molecular techniques. Among the examined dogs, 93 (44.5%) were infected with at least one TBP. The detection rates were 23.1% for Babesia rossi, 2.9% for B. vogeli, 19.1% for Hepatozoon canis, 2.4% for Anaplasma platys, and 3.8% for Ehrlichia canis. This is the first molecular study that has provided evidence that dogs in Malawi are infected with TBPs. Sensitization is required for veterinary practitioners, dog handlers, and pet owners as the detected pathogens affect the animals' wellbeing. Further studies focusing on rural areas with limited or no access to veterinary care are required to ascertain the extent of the TBP infection in dogs.


Asunto(s)
Anaplasma/aislamiento & purificación , Babesia/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Ehrlichia canis/aislamiento & purificación , Eucoccidiida/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades por Picaduras de Garrapatas/epidemiología , Anaplasma/clasificación , Anaplasma/genética , Animales , Babesia/clasificación , Babesia/genética , Ciudades , Coinfección/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Perros , Ehrlichia canis/clasificación , Ehrlichia canis/genética , Eucoccidiida/clasificación , Eucoccidiida/genética , Malaui/epidemiología , Enfermedades por Picaduras de Garrapatas/parasitología , Garrapatas/parasitología
18.
J Zoo Wildl Med ; 52(1): 200-205, 2021 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33827177

RESUMEN

Piroplasms, which include Babesia spp. and Theileria spp., are protozoan parasites carried by ticks and commonly cause disease in animals and humans. Those caused by Babesia spp. manifest as fever, anemia, and hemoglobinuria, while Theileria spp. can lead to high fever, diarrhea, and lymphadenopathy. Recently, Theileria capreoli and an undescribed Babesia sp. were detected for the first time in sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) from Hokkaido; however, there is limited information available on their epidemiology in Japan. Here, a touchdown polymerase chain reaction and reverse line blot hybridization were used to perform an epidemiological survey of T. capreoli and Babesia sp. using blood samples from 82 sika deer in Hokkaido, Japan. This was followed by partial sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 18S rRNA and ß-tubulin genes to characterize both piroplasm species. A total of 43 (52.4%) and 3 (3.7%) of the sika deer were positive for T. capreoli and Babesia sp., respectively. The ß-tubulin gene partial sequences for Babesia sp. were distinct from those of Babesia spp. in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the unknown Babesia sp. is more closely related to B. bigemina and B. ovata than other Babesia spp. based on the ß-tubulin gene. Further studies are required to understand the ecology of these tick-borne pathogens in Japan.


Asunto(s)
Babesia/genética , Babesiosis/epidemiología , Ciervos/parasitología , Theileria/genética , Theileriosis/epidemiología , Tubulina (Proteína)/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Animales Salvajes , Babesia/clasificación , Babesia/aislamiento & purificación , Babesiosis/parasitología , Japón/epidemiología , Filogenia , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , ARN Protozoario/genética , ARN Ribosómico 18S/genética , Theileria/clasificación , Theileria/aislamiento & purificación , Theileriosis/parasitología , Tubulina (Proteína)/clasificación , Tubulina (Proteína)/genética
19.
BMC Vet Res ; 16(1): 297, 2020 Aug 17.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32807187

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Feline and canine babesiosis is an important tick-borne disease caused by parasites of the genus Babesia. The disease has a worldwide distribution and causes serious health problems in domestic and wild canidae and felidae. RESULTS: Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples, which were randomly collected from pet dogs (n = 115) and cats (n = 25) in Changsha city of Hunan Province, China. Results of nested PCR assay targeting 18S rRNA gene and partial gene sequencing revealed that seven animals were infected with Babesia species, five dogs (5/115, 4.3%) and two cats (2/25, 8.0%). Sequence analysis showed that four dogs (3.5%) were positive for Babesia canis, and the other one for Babesia vogeli (0.87%). The two cats were infected by Babesia hongkongensis. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study will expand knowledge of the distribution of Babesia species and provide important epidemiological information for the control of animal babesiosis in China.


Asunto(s)
Babesia/aislamiento & purificación , Babesiosis/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Animales , Babesia/clasificación , Babesia/genética , Enfermedades de los Gatos/epidemiología , Gatos , China/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Perros , Femenino , Masculino , Mascotas , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , ARN Ribosómico 18S
20.
Exp Parasitol ; 212: 107870, 2020 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32142733

RESUMEN

Piroplasmosis is a serious debilitating and sometimes fatal disease. Phylogenetic relationships within piroplasmida are complex and remain unclear. In the study, we assessed the relative resolution capabilities of the DNA sequences of the nuclear genes 40S ribosomal protein S5 (RPS5) and mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III (cox3) gene in the phylogeny of Babesia and Theileria species isolates. We demonstrated that by using the cox3 gene can recover a better supported species tree for some Theileria species than when using the nuclear RPS5 gene alone, it tends to intra-specific diversity and considerable inter-specific difference. Additionally, the combined DNA sequences of the nuclear RPS5 and cox3 gene improved the inference of evolutionary relationships among Babesia and Theileria species. The mitochondrial cox3 gene outperforms nuclear RPS5 gene and yields better resolution on the intra-specific diversity of Babesia and Theileria species. However, the combined RPS5 nuclear DNA and cox3 DNA tree had more advantage in the phylogeny of Babesia and Theileria species than that of single gene alone.


Asunto(s)
Babesia/clasificación , Complejo IV de Transporte de Electrones/genética , Filogenia , Proteínas Ribosómicas/genética , Theileria/clasificación , Animales , Babesia/genética , Secuencia de Bases , Biodiversidad , Bovinos , ADN Mitocondrial/fisiología , ADN Protozoario/fisiología , Marcadores Genéticos , Alineación de Secuencia , Ovinos , Organismos Libres de Patógenos Específicos , Theileria/genética
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