Race and sex differences in HDL peroxide content among American adults with and without type 2 diabetes.

BACKGROUND: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) plays a critical role in protection against atherosclerosic and cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). In addition to contributing to clearing excess vascular cholesterol, HDL particles exhibit antioxidative functions, helping to attenuate adverse effects of oxidized low-density lipoproteins. However, these beneficial properties can be undermined by oxidative stress, inflammation, and unhealthy lifestyles and diet, as well as influenced by race and sex. Thus, when assessing cardiovascular risk, it is important to consider multifactorial aspects of HDL, including antioxidant activity rather than just total amount and type of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) particles. Because prior research showed HDL peroxide content (HDLperox) can be inversely associated with normal anti-oxidant HDL activity, elevated HDLperox may serve as a bioindicator of HDL dysfunction. METHODS: In this study, data from a large national cohort of Americans was utilized to determine the impact of sex, race, and diabetes status on HDLperox in middle-aged and older adults. A previously developed cell-free fluorometric method was utilized to quantify HDLperox in serum depleted of apo-B containing lipoproteins. RESULTS: In keeping with predictions, white men and diabetics exhibited HDLperox in the atypical upper range, suggestive of less functional HDL. White men had higher HDLperox levels than African American males (13.46 ± 6.10 vs. 10.88 ± 5.81, p < .001). There was also a significant main effect of type 2 diabetes (F(1,1901) = 14.9, p < .0001). Overall, African Americans evinced lower HDLperox levels, despite more obesity (10.3 ± 4.7 vs.11.81 ± 5.66 for Whites) suggesting that other aspects of lipid metabolism and psychosocial factors account for the higher prevalence of ASCVD in African Americans. CONCLUSION: This research helps to provide a more comprehensive understanding of HDL function in a racially and metabolically diverse adult population. HDLperox content was significantly different in adults with type 2 diabetes, and distinctive in nondiabetic White males, and suggests other processes account for the higher prevalence of ASCVD among African Americans.

Oxidized lipid-associated protein damage in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: New diagnostic/prognostic clinical markers.

BACKGROUND: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1), a chronic metabolic disorder of autoimmune origin, has been associated with oxidative stress (OS), which plays a central role in the onset, progression, and long-term complications of DM1. The markers of OS lipid peroxidation products, lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), and also malondialdehyde (MDA) and thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) that oxidatively modify proteins (Pr) (i.e., PrMDA and PrTBARS, respectively), have been associated with DM2, DM1, diabetic neuropathy, and microalbuminuria. OBJECTIVE/SUBJECTS: Here, we investigated LOOH, PrMDA and PrTBARS in 50 children and adolescents with DM1 and 21 controls. RESULTS: The novel OS marker PrTBARS was assessed for the first time in children and adolescents with DM1. LOOH and the pair PrMDA/PrTBARS, representing early and late peroxidation stages, respectively, are found to be significantly higher (130%, 50/90%, respectively, at p < 0.001) in patients with DM1 compared to controls. The studied OS parameters did not differ with age, age at diagnosis, sex, duration of DM1, presence of recent ketosis/ketoacidosis, or mode of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: We propose that LOOH, PrMDA and the new marker PrTBARS could serve as potential diagnostic clinical markers for identifying OS in children and adolescents with DM1, and may, perhaps, hold promise as a prognostic tool for future complications associated with the disease.

The impact of sleep apnea syndrome on the altered lipid metabolism and the redox balance.

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disorder with a significant risk for cardiovascular diseases. Dyslipidemia and redox imbalance belong to potential mechanisms linking OSA with the development of vascular diseases. The main aim of this study was the evaluation of the presence of lipid abnormalities in OSA patients, focusing on small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions and determination of the redox imbalance by evaluating the marker of oxidative damage to plasma lipids - lipoperoxides. METHODS: The study included 15 male subjects with polysomnographically confirmed OSA and 16 male healthy controls. Plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL and HDL and their subfractions, triacylglycerols and lipoperoxides were determined in all study individuals. Plasma LDL and HDL subfractions were separated by the Lipoprint system which is a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Lipoperoxide levels were determined spectrophotometrically. RESULTS: OSA patients had significantly higher triacylglycerols, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol compared to healthy controls. HDL cholesterol was not significantly different. Of the LDL and HDL subfractions, OSA patients had significantly lower levels of atheroprotective LDL1 and large HDL subfractions and significantly higher levels of atherogenic small dense LDL3-7 and HDL8-10 subfractions. Lipoperoxide levels in patients with OSA were significantly elevated compared to healthy individuals. CONCLUSION: The lipoprotein pro-atherogenic phenotype was found in individuals with OSA characterized by increased levels of atherogenic lipoprotein subfractions and reduced levels of atheroprotective subfractions. In addition, a plasma redox imbalance was found in patients with OSA compared to controls by detecting higher oxidative damage to lipids. Abnormalities in lipoprotein levels in patients with OSA, as well as the redox imbalance, could lead to an acceleration of the atherosclerotic process in predisposed individuals and thus represent a significant risk factor for vasular diseases.

Adipose tissue alleviates the stress response by releasing adiponectin during laparoscopic surgery in patients with colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Laparoscopic colorectal surgery causes a lower stress response than open surgery. Adiponectin is mainly derived from adipocytes and has antidiabetic, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory capabilities. The objective of the present study was to investigate the protein expression of adiponectin in adipose tissue, and the serum levels of adiponectin, oxidative stress markers and proinflammatory factors during laparoscopic colorectal surgery and open surgery periods. METHODS: Forty patients aged 60 to 80, with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I ~ II who underwent radical resection of colorectal cancer were recruited to the study. Laparoscopic group and open group included 20 patients each. Mesenteric adipose tissue and venous blood before (T1) and at the end (T2) of surgery were collected to examine adiponectin levels, and venous blood was collected to examine serum levels of oxidative stress related markers (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxide (LPO), malondialdehyde (MDA)), and inflammation-related factors (interleukin (IL)-1ß, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)). RESULTS: Protein and serum levels of adiponectin were analyzed, and adiponectin levels were significantly increased at T2 than T1 in the laparoscopic surgery, while adiponectin levels were significantly higher in the laparoscopic surgery than in the open surgery at T2. In addition, the serum levels of SOD and GSH were significantly higher in the laparoscopic surgery than in open surgery at T2. However, the serum levels of LPO, TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6 were significantly lower in the laparoscopic group than in open group at T2. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic surgery induced higher levels of adiponectin in both adipose tissue and the bloodstream. Oxidative stress and the inflammatory response were lower during laparoscopic colorectal surgery than during conventional open surgery. These data suggest that adipose tissue may alleviate the stress response during laparoscopic surgery by releasing adiponectin in patients with colorectal cancer.

Phospho Tensin Homolog in Human and Lipid Peroxides in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Following Exposure to Flavonoids.

Objectives: Studies have shown that human and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are mostly used for research purposes to study several biochemical endpoints. The effects of the flavonoids, genistein, kaempferol, and quercetin on phospho tensin homolog (PTEN) levels in cancer cells (i.e., breast [BT549], lung [A549]), human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293), and the levels of lipid peroxides (LP) in PBMCs were respectively investigated.Materials and methods: Cancer, kidney, and PBMCs from several donors were each exposed to each of the flavonoids at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 µM. Our hypotheses were that exposure of cancer and kidney cells to genistein, kaempferol, and quercetin can increase PTEN and decrease lipid peroxides in PBMCs levels respectively to better cope with oxidative stress.Results: The results indicate that the flavonoids increased total PTEN levels in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of quercetin was more pronounced followed by genistein and kaempferol. Furthermore, decreases in lipid peroxides were observed in the PBMCs for the flavonoid-treated samples compared to those exposed to flavonoids and with oxidative stress as described by Fenton's chemistry. Levels of LP in quercetin-treated samples were lower compared to kaempferol and genistein.Conclusions: The findings suggest that the flavonoids play an important role in controlling oxidative stress in several human cells.

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Oxidative Stress in Cannabis Dependence.

INTRODUCTION: Neurotrophin levels and oxidative stress markers such as ceruloplasmin and free thiols have been shown to contribute to pathophysiology in several psychiatric disorders. OBJECTIVE: Our aim is to evaluate whether those markers are altered in cannabis dependence. METHODS: Forty-five cannabis-dependent patients diagnosed according to the DSM-IV criteria and 45 healthy controls matched according to sex, age, BMI, and smoking status were enrolled. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), ceruloplasmin, lipid hydroperoxide, and total free thiols were measured in both groups. Those who had psychiatric comorbidities were excluded before sampling. RESULTS: We found significantly increased BDNF, ceruloplasmin, and lipid hydroperoxide, and decreased free thiol levels in patients with cannabis dependence. There is also a positive correlation between BDNF and lipid hydroperoxide (n = r = 0.472, p < 0.001) and a negative correlation between BDNF and total thiols (n = r = -0.412, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Increased BDNF might be a sign of impaired neuronal plasticity that is crucial for memory formation and adaptive response to drug addiction. Neuronal plasticity in the ventral tegmental area dopaminergic neurons was implied to play a role in substance addiction disorders, and these adaptations can be secondary to oxidative stress. Our findings, including increased lipid hydroperoxide, ceruloplasmin, and decreased free thiols, might support this hypothesis. In conclusion, cannabis dependency alters BDNF levels and increases oxidative stress.

Comparison of antioxidative effects between radon and thoron inhalation in mouse organs.

Radon therapy has been traditionally performed globally for oxidative stress-related diseases. Many researchers have studied the beneficial effects of radon exposure in living organisms. However, the effects of thoron, a radioisotope of radon, have not been fully examined. In this study, we aimed to compare the biological effects of radon and thoron inhalation on mouse organs with a focus on oxidative stress. Male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 15 groups: sham inhalation, radon inhalation at a dose of 500 Bq/m3 or 2000 Bq/m3, and thoron inhalation at a dose of 500 Bq/m3 or 2000 Bq/m3 were carried out. Immediately after inhalation, mouse tissues were excised for biochemical assays. The results showed a significant increase in superoxide dismutase and total glutathione, and a significant decrease in lipid peroxide following thoron inhalation under several conditions. Additionally, similar effects were observed for different doses and inhalation times between radon and thoron. Our results suggest that thoron inhalation also exerts antioxidative effects against oxidative stress in organs. However, the inhalation conditions should be carefully analyzed because of the differences in physical characteristics between radon and thoron.

Protective effects of glycyrrhizin on sub-chronic diazinon-induced biochemical, hematological alterations and oxidative stress indices in male Wistar rats.

The aim of this study was to elucidate the protective effect of glycyrrhizin on diazinon-induced changes in body and organ weights, blood hematology, lipid profile, biochemistry parameters and tissue markers of oxidative stress in male Wistar rats over a 7-week period. Rats were orally given sublethal dose of diazinon (10 mg/kg daily; 0.008 LD50), while glycyrrhizin (25 mg kg-1 daily) was given alone or in combination with diazinon. At the end of 7th week, statistically significant decrease of pseudocholinesterase activity was detected when diazinon- and glycyrrhizin + diazinon-treated groups were compared to the control group. Diazinon treated rats showed weight loss and organ weight changes which were comparable to other groups. There was a statistically significance in hematological indices except mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) when diazinon treated group was compared to glycyrrhizin + diazinon treated rats. Glycyrrhizin protected the liver and kidney from diazinon toxic effects with significantly decrease in serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase activities as well as ameliorated hepatic and renal function indices (such as bilirubin, total protein, albumin, BUN, creatinine glucose). In addition, glycyrrhizin minimized the hazardous effect of diazinon on plasma lipids and lipoproteins. The protective effects of glycyrrhizin were confirmed by tissue markers of oxidative stress analysis as glycyrrhizin in combination diminished malondialdehyde and glycyrrhizin alone or in combination enhanced thiol group and the ferric reducing power. In accordance to these results, our observations demonstrated the beneficial effects of glycyrrhizin in reducing the toxicity of diazinon.

Spinal Manipulation Therapy Improves Tactile Allodynia and Peripheral Nerve Functionality and Modulates Blood Oxidative Stress Markers in Rats Exposed to Knee-Joint Immobilization.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of manually assisted lumbar spinal manipulation therapy on tactile allodynia, peripheral nerve functional recovery, and oxidative markers in rats exposed to knee immobilization-inducing hypersensitivity. METHODS: Tactile allodynia and sciatic, tibial, and peroneal functional indices were assessed before the knee joint immobilization, 24 hours after the knee cast removal, and 24 hours after 3 weeks of lumbar therapy with the Activator Adjusting Instrument, model 4 (AAI 4). Subsequently, the blood was collected from each rat, and oxidative markers such as lipid hydroperoxide levels; nitric oxide metabolites; and superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were assessed. RESULTS: The AAI 4 improved the immobilization-induced allodynia and recovered the peripheral nerve functional indices impaired after knee immobilization. Immobilized rats treated with AAI 4 therapy presented a lack of significant changes in lipid hydroperoxides and nitric oxide metabolites in the plasma contrasting with rats that were kept freely in their cages, with no therapy applied, which presented elevated lipid hydroperoxides levels. Also, the antioxidant catalase enzymatic activity decreased in the blood of rats immobilized and treated with AAI 4. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that manually assisted lumbar spinal manipulation therapy modulates systemic oxidative stress, which possibly contributes to the analgesia and recovery of peripheral nerve functionality.

The effect of hyperglycemic peak induced by oral glucose tolerance test on the oxidant and antioxidant levels

Background/aim: The possibility of adverse effects of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) carried out for the screening of gestational diabetes among pregnant women and fetuses is a frequently discussed topic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the hyperglycemia peak during OGTT on the levels of oxidants and antioxidants in the body. Materials and methods: Eighty individuals who applied to the Outpatient Clinic with suspected diabetes and OGTT indication were included in the study. Glucose, total oxidant capacity status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) levels were tested on blood samples collected from these individuals at 0, 60, and 120 min during the OGTT carried out with 75 g of glucose. Oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated as the ratio of TOS to TAS. Results: While the oxidative parameters TOS and LOOH were significantly increased at 60. min of OGTT, only LOOH was significantly increased at 120. min of OGTT. Significant decreases in antioxidative parameters (TAS, SOD) were observed at 60. and 120. min of the OGTT and OSI was significantly increased at 60. and 120. min of the OGTT. Conclusion: Oxidative stress parameters were increased and antioxidative parameters were decreased during the OGTT. However, more extended studies are required to determine the effects of the increased oxidative stress on pregnant women and fetuses.

A short-term increase in dietary cholesterol and fat intake affects high-density lipoprotein composition in healthy subjects.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: High-cholesterol and high-fat diets alter biochemical composition and anti-oxidant properties of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in animals. Whether this occurs in humans is unknown. Therefore, we examined the effect of a short-term elevation in dietary cholesterol and fat intake on HDL composition in healthy subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS: In a randomized, crossover clinical trial, 14 healthy young volunteers followed a 14-day low-cholesterol/low-fat diet (LChF) and a 14-day isocaloric high-cholesterol/high-fat diet (HChF) in a random order. After each diet, we measured HDL concentrations of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE), hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (HODE), and haptoglobin, as well as serum amyloid A (SAA) and paroxonase-1 activity (PON-1). HDL concentrations of 15-HETE (+254%, p = 0.002), 5-HETE (+116%, p = 0.004), 13-HODE (+102%, p = 0.049), and SAA levels (+75%, p = 0.007) were significantly higher after the HChF than after the LChF. Furthermore, haptoglobin was marginally increased (+32%, p = 0.091) while PON-1 activity was unaffected (-16%, p = 0.366) by the HChF. CONCLUSION: In healthy subjects, a short-term elevation in dietary cholesterol and fat intake increases HDL lipid hydroperoxide content (15-HETE, 5-HETE, 13-HODE) and SAA levels, which are key features of dysfunctional HDL. This is the first study showing that a physiologic manipulation of dietary cholesterol and fat intake affects HDL lipidome and proteome in healthy subjects independently of weight changes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02549144.

[THE LEVEL OF PROTECTION FROM OXIDATIVE STRESS AND THREE-YEAR DYNAMICS OF STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES OF THE MYOCARDIUM IN CHRONIC ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE IN MEN].

Aim - to assess the nature and three-year dynamics of structural and functional changes in the cardiovascular system in relation to the levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in chronic coronary heart disease in men. The study included 246 men aged 48 to 65 years (mean age 58 years (53,0; 63,0)) with stable form of ischemic heart disease - angina FC II-III CHF I-III FC (NYHA), observed during 2012-2015. To assess the level of oxidative stress in all patients by ELISA was determined by lipid peroxide, total antioxidant status (CCA) and levels of non-enzymatic antioxidant bilirubin (BR). Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the level of serum BR: the main group - 146 patients with the level of BR< 8.0 µmol/l; the control group-100 patients with the level of BR ≥8.0 µmol/l. Assessment of the structural and functional state of the myocardium included ECG, XM ECG, EchoCG, VEM test. A decrease in the level of protection against oxidative stress (OS) in men with stable CHD in the form of a significant increase in the level of lipid peroxides and a decrease in the OAS index was found. In the study group OxyStat, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were significantly higher (p<0.01)., and ImAnOx - significantly lower than in the control group (p<0.01). A high degree of direct relationship between the level of blood BR and the indicator of AOC is established. Three-year dynamic observation showed a close relationship between the processes of cardiovascular system remodeling and OS components. The high level of OS in men with stable ischemic heart disease is accompanied by adverse changes in the geometry of the left ventricle (eccentric non-dilatated hypertrophy, an increase in the number of segments with hypokinesis), which leads to the progression of chronic heart failure with the risk of ischemic and arrhythmic reactions to physical activity.

[RADIOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF POLYMETOXY-LATED FLAVONOIDS OF CITRUS EXTRACT].

The aim of the study was to establish the radioprotective activity of citrus polymetoxylated flavonoids extract (CPMFE) on the X-irradiated rats. The experiments were carried out on white Wistar rats. Animals were irradiated with X rays in doses of 5 Gy and 7 Gy. The control group consisted the sham-irradiated rats. Part of animals of each group were treated with intramusculary injections of CPMFE (dose 30 mg/kg) during 7 days; blood was taken from the tail vein (0.5 ml) for detection of lipoperoxides (LOO.) content. On the 3rd day after irradiation 3 animals from each group were sacrificed (under ether anesthesia) and blood samples were taken for the study of antioxidant status. The activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase (CAT) and superoxidedismutase (SOD)) was determined by the spectrophotometric method; the content of LOO.in the blood was determined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) mrthod. In group of irradiated rats a sharp dose-dependent inactivation of blood antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT) and intensification of the lipid peroxidation were detected. The direct and feedback mechanism in the regulation of CAT and SOD activity, ensuring the implementation of antioxidant protection in the body was revealed. Under irradiation with 7Gy rapid death of animals (on 3-d day after irradiation the mortality of animals was 70%, and on the 5th day all died) were detected. During irradiation with dose 5 Gy the survival of animals increased (on the 8-th day after irradiation - 50% survival rate). CPMFE in dose-dependent manner supported the reduce the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes - at relatively low doses of radiation (5Gy) during the first 3 days the content of LOO.in the blood decreased insignificantly compared with indices in untreated animals, whereas with an increase in the dose of irradiation (7Gy) a statistically significant antiradical effect of CPMFE (a statistically significant decrease in the LOO. content) was detected. Under the effect of CPMFE in the blood of rats irradiated with a dose of 5 Gy and 7 Gy, the activity of CAT and SOD, not statistically significant tends to increase (more significant with a dose of 7 Gy). CPMFE did not affect the cumulative survival of animals irradiated with a dose of 5 Gy, but reduced the mortality of rats by 20% (on the 3rd day of irradiation), and contributed to an increase in the life expectancy of animals by 2 times (up to 7 days) in the case of dose 7 Gr. Based on the analysis of the research results, it can be assumed that under conditions of radiation damage, exogenous antioxidants synergistically with a dose-dependently activated endogenous non-enzymatic antioxidant system of the body (especially at 7Gy) contribute to the effective suppression of chain reactions of peroxidation, reduction of mortality and increase in life expectancy of animals.

NOX-mediated impairment of PDGF-induced DNA synthesis in peripheral blood lymphocytes of children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.

BackgroundCellular oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and immunogenic events are involved in pathogenesis of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS); however, the exact mechanism remains unknown. We examined NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced DNA synthesis in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of patients with INS.MethodsPBL from 15 patients with INS and 15 age- and gender-matched controls were isolated, and enzyme activities of NOX, catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured along with the assay of malondialdehyde levels and bromo-deoxyuridine incorporation. Protein expression of NOX-1 was measured using western blot analysis.ResultsPatients with INS had significantly (P<0.01) higher NOX activity and increased protein expression of NOX-1 in PBL as compared with controls. Catalase and SOD activities were markedly lower with lipid peroxide levels significantly (P<0.01) increased in patients with INS. Ex vivo DNA synthesis in PDGF-stimulated PBL was significantly (P<0.01) reduced in patients with INS; however, diphenyliodonium, an inhibitor of NOX, markedly corrected impairment in growth factor-induced BrdU incorporation.ConclusionsThese results show that NOX activation might have a role in regulation of lymphocytic activity in patients with INS through the impairment of PDGF mitogenic function and might contribute toward pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome.

Beneficial effects of a red wine polyphenol extract on high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats.

PURPOSE: Individuals with metabolic syndrome (MS) show several metabolic abnormalities including insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, and oxidative stress (OS). Diet is one of the factors influencing the development of MS, and current nutritional advice emphasises the benefits of fruit and vegetable consumption. Here, we assessed the effects of naturally occurring antioxidants, red wine polyphenols (RWPs), on MS and OS. METHODS: Wistar rats (n = 20) weighing 200-220 g received a high-fat diet (HFD) for 2 months before they were divided into two groups that received either HFD only or HFD plus 50 mg/kg RWPs in their drinking water for an additional 2 months. A control group (n = 10) received a normal diet (ND) for 4 months. RESULTS: Rats receiving HFD increased body weight over 20 % throughout the duration of the study. They also showed increased blood levels of C-peptide, glucose, lipid peroxides, and oxidised proteins. In addition, the HFD increased OS in hepatic, pancreatic, and vascular tissues, as well as induced pancreatic islet cell hyperplasia and hepatic steatosis. Addition of RWPs to the HFD attenuated these effects on plasma and tissue OS and on islet cell hyperplasia. However, RWPs had no effect on blood glucose levels or hepatic steatosis. CONCLUSIONS: RWPs showed an antioxidant mechanism of action against MS. This result will inform future animal studies exploring the metabolic effects of RWPs in more detail. In addition, these findings support the use of antioxidants as adjunctive nutritional treatments for patients with diabetes.

Quality of life among post-menopausal women due to oxidative stress boosted by dysthymia and anxiety.

BACKGROUND: Menopause is the onset of aging in women. During this process, some women experience physical changes that may impact upon their psychological and social status, also affecting their quality of life. Furthermore, several psychological changes following menopause have been shown to act as pro-oxidant, but the association between the psychological status that modify the quality of life and oxidative stress in postmenopausal women is still unclear. The aim of this study was to determinate the relationship between oxidative stress with psychological disturbances, low self-esteem, depressive mood and anxiety, and quality of life in the postmenopausal women. METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional study with101 premenopausal and 101 postmenopausal women from Mexico City. As markers of oxidative stress we measured plasma lipoperoxide levels, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities, and total antioxidant status. We calculate a stress score as global oxidative stress status, with cut-off values for each parameter; this score range from 0 to 6, representing the severity of markers modifications. All the women were rated using the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scales, and the WHO Quality of Life-brief. RESULTS: The postmenopausal women with low quality of life in the WHO Quality of Life-brief and their subscales had higher stress score compared with premenopausal women with high quality of life (p < 0.05). We found a positive correlation among lipoperoxide levels and Zung Self-Rating Anxiety and Zung Self-Rating Depression score (r = 0.226 and r = 0.173, respectively, p < 0.05), and a negative correlation with WHO Quality of Life-brief scores (r = -0.266, p < 0.01) in postmenopausal women. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that average lipoperoxide levels increase by 0.0007 µmol/L for every 1-point increase in the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory and by 0.001 µmol/L for every 1-point decrease in the WHO Quality of Life-brief, after adjusted for pro-oxidant factors. Zung Self-Rating Anxiety and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scales scores also contribute to increase lipoperoxides levels, but not significant. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that oxidative stress is increased in postmenopausal women with psychological disturbances and low quality of life.

[Effect of α-lipoic acid on free radical processes in serum of rats on high fat diet]. / Wplyw kwasu α-liponowego na procesy wolnorodnikowe w surowicy szczurów utrzymywanych na diecie wysokotluszczowej.

BACKGROUND: Oils are often fried which reduces their beneficial biological and nutritional properties, contributing to disturbances in homeostasis. Some antioxidant substances can improve stability of oils. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of α-lipoic acid (ALA) on the concentration of sulfhydryl groups, lipid peroxides, malondialdehyde, creatinine and urea in serum of rats fed high fat diet for 3 months. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty six Wistar rats were equally divided into 6 groups: the control group on standard breeding diet (SB), oxidized oil (OU) group on SB with 10% oxidized oil, ALA10 group on SB with ALA 10 mg/kg of body weight (b.w.), OU+ALA10 group on SB with oxidized oil and ALA (10 mg/kg b.w.), ALA50 group on SB with ALA in a dose of 50 mg/kg b.w., OU+ALA50 group on SB with oxidized oil and ALA (50 mg/kg b.w.). Oil was oxidized in 180°C for 6 h. RESULTS: We observed decrease in concentration of protein sulfhydryl (PSH) groups in all study groups except for ALA10 vs. control group (C) and increase in OU+ALA10 and OU+ALA50 vs. OU; increase in the lipid hydroperoxide (LHP) concentration in OU, OU+ALA10 and OU+ALA50 vs. C and decrease in all study groups vs. OU; increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) in OU vs. all other groups. And also increase in creatinine and urea concentration in OU group. CONCLUSIONS: High fat diet rich in oxidized oil intensifies the lipid peroxidation process and oxidation of sulfhydryl groups. It can also impair kidney function. Administration of lipoic acid in a dose of 10 mg/kg b.w. inhibits the lipid peroxidation and protects sulfhydryl groups. Med Pr 2017;68(3):391-399.

Effect of melatonin administration on cyclooxygenase-2 activity, serum levels of nitric oxide metabolites, lipoperoxides and glutathione peroxidase activity in patients with Parkinson's disease / Efecto de la administración de melatonina sobre la actividad de la ciclooxigenasa-2, la concentración sérica de metabolitos del óxido nítrico, los lipoperóxidos y la actividad de la glutatión peroxidasa en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson.

Objective: To determine the effect of melatonin (MEL) administration on ciclooxigenase 2 (COX-2) activity and serum concentration of nitric oxide metabolites, lipoperoxides and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in patients with Parkinson's disease. Methods: Prospective double-blind randomized clinical pilot trial. 13 patients were included and two groups were formed: MEL at doses of 25 mg orally every 12 hours for 12 months and placebo with corn starch. Patients were assessed using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Scale. A blood sample was taken at baseline and every 3 months until 12 months. Results: COX-2 activity decreased as did nitrates/nitrites (3, 6 and 9 months) and lipoperoxides (9 and 12 months); GPx exhibited no significant differences.

Circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive condition characterized by airflow limitation associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles and gases, caused primarily by cigarette smoking. Increased oxidative burden plays an important role in the pathogenesis of COPD. There is a delicate balance between the toxicity of oxidants and the protective function of the intracellular and extracellular antioxidant defense systems, which is critically important for the maintenance of normal pulmonary functions. Several biomarkers of oxidative stress are available and have been evaluated in COPD. In this review, we summarize the main literature findings about circulating oxidative stress biomarkers, grouped according to their method of detection, measured in COPD subjects.

Effects of mate tea consumption on muscle strength and oxidative stress markers after eccentric exercise.

Dietary phytochemical supplementation may improve muscle recovery from exercise. In this study, we investigated the effect of mate tea (MT) consumption - a phenol-rich beverage - on muscle strength and oxidative stress biomarkers after eccentric exercise. In a randomised, cross-over design, twelve men were assigned to drink either MT or water (control; CON) for 11 d. On the 8th day, subjects performed three sets of twenty maximal eccentric elbow flexion exercises. Maximal isometric elbow flexion force was measured before and at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h after exercise. Blood samples were obtained before and at 24, 48 and 72 h after exercise and analysed for total phenolics, GSH, GSSG, GSH:GSSG ratio and lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH). After eccentric exercise, muscle strength was significantly reduced over time, regardless of treatments. However, MT improved the rate of strength recovery by 8·6 % on the 1st day after exercise (P<0·05). Plasma concentration of total phenolic compounds was higher in MT than in CON at all time points (P<0·05) but decreased significantly at 72 h after exercise in both trials (P<0·05). Blood levels of GSH were significantly decreased at 48 and 72 h after exercise in CON (P<0·05) but did not change over time in MT. No significant changes were observed for GSSG, GSH:GSSG ratio and LOOH levels. MT intake did not influence muscle strength at all time points assessed but hastened the strength recovery over 24 h after exercise. MT also favoured the concentration of blood antioxidant compounds.