[Esophagectomy for Bronchogenic Cyst within the Esophageal Muscle Layer with Dysphagia:Report of a Case].

A 26-year-old man referred to our hospital because of dysphagia and a mediastinal tumor detected on chest computed tomography (CT). A contrast-enhanced CT revealed a 12 cm long cystic tumor along the right thoracic esophagus. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed no abnormalities in the esophageal mucosa, and an unclear boundary between the tumor and the esophageal wall was observed by echography. In surgery, the tumor and the esophagus were in one lump, and esophagectomy was performed. On the fourth postoperative day, esophagogastric anastomosis was performed with poststernal reconstruction, and the patient was discharged home on the 38th postoperative day. Pathological examination revealed that the mass was a cystic lesion within the esophageal muscular layer, and the cyst wall was coated with airway-like multi-lineal hairy epithelium, which led to the diagnosis of a bronchogenic cyst. Even if the cyst is within the esophageal muscularis layer, bronchogenic cyst should be considered in the differential.

Congenital Mediastinal Neuroenteric Cyst as a cause of respiratory distress since birth.

Mediastinal Neuroenteric Cyst is a rare congenital presentation in infants and is associated with a high mortality rate. It is a very uncommon benign lesion and usually develops from abnormal embryological development of the foregut. Till now, only 106 cases have been reported worldwide. In Pakistan only three cases have been published, with varying presentations. The clinical presentation and age at presentation vary from asymptomatic and coincidental finding on chest x-ray, to limb numbness or early presentation with severe symptoms like those in our case. In fact, it poses an important challenge for paediatricians. We present a rare case with emphasis on clinical presentation and diagnostic criteria.

An atypical bronchogenic cyst with yeast over-infection.

Bronchogenic cysts (BC) are rare congenital anomalies that result from abnormal budding of the tracheobronchial tree during fetal development. BC are usually located in the lung and the mediastinum, an abdominal location is unusual.

An unusual case of cardiac tamponade: Bronchogenic cyst infection due to Salmonella bredeney.

We present an unusual case of cardiac tamponade in a 17-year-old girl immunocompetent patient due to Salmonella enterica ssp. bredeney following infection of a bronchogenic cyst. The patient was admitted to hospital with pleuritic chest pain, dyspnoea and fever. Pulmonary angio-CT showed a bronchogenic cyst compressing the left atrium. The echocardiography showed diffuse pericardial effusion with right ventricular collapse consistent with cardiac tamponade. Pericardiocentesis was performed and microbiological cultures of the pericardial fluid became positive for Salmonella species confirmed later as bredeney subspecies by PCR. Empirical antibiotherapy was started with intravenous (IV) ceftriaxone. Bronchogenic cyst infection was suspected and confirmed by 18FDG PET CT. The patient was successfully treated by complete resection of the cyst and continuation of IV ceftriaxone followed by oral amoxicillin/clavulanate for a total duration of 6 weeks. She then completely recovered and didn't present any relapse after 6 months of follow up.

A rare cardiac tumor: Bronchogenic cyst of interatrial septum.

Intracardiac bronchogenic cysts are uncommon congenital tumors, which rarely become symptomatic. We describe a rare case of bronchogenic cyst in the atrioventricular node. A 36-year-old man with third-degree atrioventricular block was referred to our hospital. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a cystic mass at the right atrial aspect of the low interatrial septum. He underwent surgical resection of the mass, and a permanent epicardium pacemaker was implanted. His postoperative course was uneventful. Microscopic examination showed a cyst surrounded by ciliated columnar epithelium and partially smooth muscle, and the histopathological diagnosis was bronchogenic cyst.

Dual lumbar bronchogenic and arachnoid cyst presenting with sciatica and left foot drop.

INTRODUCTION: Spinal bronchogenic cysts are rare findings, with only four cases of lumbar bronchogenic cysts reported in the literature. All of these bronchogenic cysts involved the conus medullaris. We present the first case of a lumbar bronchogenic cyst and arachnoid cyst arising from the cauda equina in a 68-year-old male. Uniquely, this bronchogenic cyst also contained components of an arachnoid cyst. METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a compressive cystic lesion at the level of the L3 vertebra splaying the cauda equina. An L3/L4 laminectomy was performed with marsupialisation of the cyst. RESULTS: Histological examination revealed pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium confirming the diagnosis of a bronchogenic cyst, as well as a pleated fibrovascular tissue lined by sparsely spaced small monomorphic arachnoidal cells, indicating an arachnoid cyst. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate that bronchogenic cysts can be successfully treated with marsupialisation.

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome revealing a cervical bronchogenic cyst: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Bronchogenic cyst is a congenital malformation, rarely located in the cervical region and almost never involved in a neonate with acute respiratory distress in the delivery room. CASE PRESENTATION: A female newborn with respiratory distress syndrome caused by a large left cervical mass. Intubation was difficult due to tracheal deviation. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed a left cervical cyst displacing the trachea and esophagus laterally. Surgical excision was performed via a cervical approach on the 5th day, and pathological examination revealed a bronchogenic cyst. The patient's course was complicated by left vocal cord paralysis and necrotic lesions in the glottic and subglottic regions; she required a tracheostomy on the 13th day. Inflammatory stenosis in the subglottic region required balloon dilation once, 20 days later. Proximal esophageal stenosis induced transient upper airway obstruction with salivary stasis. Decannulation was performed at 2 months and the patient was discharged 10 days later. CONCLUSION: A bronchogenic cyst can exceptionally obstruct the airways in the neonatal period. Surgical excision is necessary, but postoperative complications may occur if the cyst is in close contact with the trachea and esophagus, including necrotic and stenotic lesions of the upper aerodigestive tract. In those situations, tracheostomy may be necessary for mechanical ventilation weaning and the initiation of oral feeding.

[Anterior Mediastinal Bronchogenic Cyst Associated with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia ; Report of a Case].

We experienced a rare case of anterior mediastinal bronchogenic cyst. A 55-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) and an abnormal shadow on the chest computed tomography. She had a 5.5 cm tumor at anterior mediastinum. The tumor was surgically removed completely by video assisted thoracoscopic surgery, and the diagnosis of bronchogenic cyst was established pathologically. After surgery, PSVT has disappeared.

Large bronchogenic cyst compressing the left atrium.

Bronchogenic cysts are listed among the less common mediastinal tumours and either remain unnoticed and are randomly found or they are manifested with respiratory or thoracic symptoms such as chest pain, dyspnoea, haemoptysis and recurrent thoracic infections. More severe symptoms (e.g. sepsis, compression) are rare. We present a case of a male patient with progressive dyspnoea on exertion attributed to a large bronchogenic cyst.

[Direct ethanol injection by median sternotomy for a bronchogenic cyst compressing the pulmonary artery and the left atrium].

Bronchogenic cyst is a rare developmental lesion. It can cause symptoms only when infected or pressing on neighboring structures. A 56-year-old woman presenting with orthopnea and chest pain was found to have a bronchogenic cyst compressing the right pulmonary artery and the left atrial roof. The mass adhered to surrounding structures and complete resection of the mass seemed to be technically impossible. Accordingly, a direct ethanol injection therapy with median sternotomy approach was accomplished. After the procedure the patient's symptoms disappeared and the follow-up computed tomography 21 months later revealed no relapse. Though the complete resection of bronchogenic cysts is recommended to confirm the diagnosis, to prevent development of complications, and to avoid recurrences, ethanol injection therapy is still a valid option in some cases.

Bronchogenic cyst: a rare cause of palpitations and atrial fibrillation.

Bronchogenic cysts are rare congenital lesions found primarily in the mediastinum. Most patients are asymptomatic and can be treated with minimally invasive resection. We present a case of a middle-aged patient who presented to a district general hospital with palpitations and shortness of breath. She underwent a computerised tomographic pulmonary angiogram that showed a likely bronchogenic cyst and was subsequently transferred to our hospital. She developed atrial fibrillation during admission requiring therapy with beta-blockers and digoxin. Cardiac MRI revealed a large cyst posterior to the left atrium, a moderate circumferential pericardial effusion and bilateral pleural effusions. There was significant left atrial compression. The patient underwent surgical removal of the cyst and was discharged. She returned to the hospital within a week with palpitations and was treated with intravenous antibiotics for sepsis. She was discharged a week later and remained clinically stable.

[Mediastinal bronchogenic cyst causing severe tracheal stenosis].

An 86-year-old female patient was transported to our hospital because of progressive dyspnea. Computed tomography revealed a 7-cm-diameter low-density mass located in the upper mediastinum behind the trachea. The mass compressed the trachea and caused severe tracheal stenosis. We diagnosed the tumor as a paratracheal type of bronchogenic cyst. The patient was immediately intubated, and a semiemergent operation was performed. Because of her advanced age, minimally invasive surgery was considered. The cyst was partially resected for fenestration. Just after the operation, the patient was extubated and became asymptomatic. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged from the hospital on the 14th postoperative day. The tumor was histologically diagnosed as a bronchogenic cyst. Six months after the operation, she was still asymptomatic.

Severe mediastinitis caused by an infected bronchogenic cyst.

Bronchogenic cysts (BCs) are congenital foregut malformations and usually asymptomatic, thin-walled, incidentally diagnosed cysts which can be easily resected by a minimal invasive approach at this time point. However, they may develop symptoms such as infection, bleeding or compression of adjacent structures. There is no consensus about the risk of developing complications during a lifetime; however, recent reports suggest a higher incidence than initially believed. Here, we report a case of severe life-threatening mediastinitis emerging from an infected BC requiring complex surgery, which could have been avoided if surgery had been performed at an early, asymptomatic stage.