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1.
Ann Med Surg (Lond) ; 74: 103301, 2022 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35169464

RESUMO

Phylloides tumor is rarely diagnosed in surgical clinics. There is high chance of missing of this kind of tumor by junior surgeons as it is also rarely explained in literature and diagnosed in our locality region. Malignant phylloides are associated with a higher rate of recurrence than their benign counterparts, underlying the importance of adequate surgical margins. This is a case of a 22 years old female attended at surgical outpatient clinic with complain of swelling in the right breast for about two years. On cytological and histological investigation showed benign phylloides tumor. The excision surgery was performed where by tumor was remove. The close follow up was done as it has tendency of reoccurrence.

2.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22312940

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Asthma is a multifactorial disorder, and both genetic and environmental factors contribute to its development. We investigated the possible association between asthma and 5 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the interleukin 17 (IL17) gene--rs17880588 (G/A) and rs17878530 (C/T) in IL17A and rs763780 (T/C), rs11465553 (T/C), and rs2397084 (G/A) in IL17F--and compared levels of the proteins IL17A and IL17F in asthma patients with those of controls. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study group included 100 asthma patients and 102 ethnically matched controls. Genotyping was performed on purified DNA using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction with specific primers and probes. Levels of IL17A and IL17F were measured in plasma using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Genotyping showed that AG heterozygotes of rs17880588 in IL17A were significantly more common in the control group than among the asthma patients (P < .05); no significant associations were observed for any of the other SNPs examined. Levels of IL17A and IL17F were both higher in asthma patients (IL17A, 2.242 [0.099] vs 2.752 [0.287] pg/mL; IL17F, 236.01 [38.28] vs 700 [201.078] pg/mL). The difference was statistically significant for IL17F (P = .025, t test). Levels of IL17A and IL17F were positively and significantly correlated in the asthma patients CONCLUSION: Of all the SNPs analyzed, only rs17880588 showed a significant association with asthma in the Saudi population we studied. Levels of IL17A and IL17F were significantly upregulated in the asthma patients. The morphology of IL17F appeared to affect expression levels.


Assuntos
Asma/genética , Interleucina-17/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Asma/imunologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Genótipo , Humanos , Interleucina-17/sangue
3.
Plant Biol (Stuttg) ; 23(5): 797-805, 2021 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34263973

RESUMO

Melatonin (Mel) and hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) have emerged as potential regulators of plant metabolism during abiotic stress. Presence of excess NaCl in the soil is one of the main causes of reduced crop productivity worldwide. The present investigation examines the role of exogenous Mel and endogenous H2 S in tomato seedlings grown under NaCl stress. Effect of 30 µm Mel on endogenous synthesis of H2 S was examined in roots of NaCl-stressed (200 mm) tomato seedlings. Also, the impact of treatments on the oxidative stress markers, transport of K+ and Na+ , and activity of H+ -ATPase and antioxidant enzymes was assessed. Results show that NaCl-stressed seedlings supplemented with 30 µm Mel had increased levels of endogenous H2 S through enhanced L-cysteine desulfhydrase activity. Mel in association with H2 S overcame the deleterious effect of NaCl and induced retention of K+ that maintained a higher K+ /Na+ ratio. Use of plasma membrane inhibitors and an H2 S scavenger revealed that Mel-induced regulation of K+ /Na+ homeostasis in NaCl-stressed seedling roots operates through endogenous H2 S signalling. Synergistic effects of Mel and H2 S also reduced the generation of ROS and oxidative destruction through the enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes. Thus, it is suggested that the protective function of Mel against NaCl stress operates through an endogenous H2 S-dependent pathway, wherein H+ -ATPase-energized secondary active transport regulates K+ /Na+ homeostasis.


Assuntos
Sulfeto de Hidrogênio , Melatonina , Solanum lycopersicum , Antioxidantes , Solanum lycopersicum/metabolismo , Melatonina/farmacologia , Raízes de Plantas/metabolismo , ATPases Translocadoras de Prótons/metabolismo , Plântula/metabolismo , Cloreto de Sódio/farmacologia
4.
Braz J Biol ; 82: e239449, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34105678

RESUMO

Alpha amylase, catalyzing the hydrolysis of starch is a ubiquitous enzyme with tremendous industrial applications. A 1698 bp gene coding for 565 amino acid amylase was PCR amplified from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans DSM-465, cloned in pET21a (+) plasmid, expressed in BL21 (DE3) strain of E. coli and characterized. The recombinant enzyme exhibited molecular weight of 63 kDa, optimum pH 8, optimum temperature 70°C, and KM value of 157.7µM. On pilot scale, the purified enzyme efficiently removed up to 95% starch from the cotton fabric indicating its desizing ability at high temperature. 3D model of enzyme built by Raptor-X and validated by Ramachandran plot appeared as a monomer having 31% α-helices, 15% ß-sheets, and 52% loops. Docking studies have shown the best binding affinity of enzyme with amylopectin (∆G -10.59). According to our results, Asp 232, Glu274, Arg448, Glu385, Asp34, Asn276, and Arg175 constitute the potential active site of enzyme.


Assuntos
Escherichia coli , alfa-Amilases , Clonagem Molecular , Estabilidade Enzimática , Escherichia coli/genética , Geobacillus , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Temperatura , alfa-Amilases/genética , alfa-Amilases/metabolismo
5.
Int J Surg Case Rep ; 77: 430-433, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33227691

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Multinodular goiter (MNG) is a clinic pathological entity characterized by an increased volume of the thyroid gland with formation of nodules. Goiter is defined as a thyroid gland weighing over 20-25 g or with a volume of over 19 ml in women and 25 ml in men. In developed countries where iodination of food is common and health services are available and accessible, hardly will you see a goiter of up to 0.2 kg while in areas where poverty is high and health services not available, there identification of goiter of up to 4 kg. Therefore each member of theatre team must be competent and experienced to anticipate any complications which may occur during thyroidectomy of such huge goiter. Awareness on the operation of such huge multinodular goiter is the sincere aim of this work due to the fact that these are rare findings in today's surgical clinics. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 35 M.O.S years old female presented with complain of swelling of the anterior neck for 10 years. Laboratory and radiological investigations reveals nontoxic multinodular goiter with no suspicion of malignance. After successful thyroidectomy, a 2 kg multinodular goiter was removed and taken for histological diagnosis. Post-operative care was uneventful and patient discharged day five post-operative. No complication observed during follow up. DISCUSSION: The case report presented a patient with huge goiter of 2 kg, which was not compressing the trachea. After physical examination, radiological imaging and laboratory investigation of thyroid hormones confirm as nontoxic goiter. The subtotal thyroidectomy was successful and after follow up of 60 days there was no complication reported. CONCLUSIONS: Currently, hardly will you find goiter weighing a kg and thus skills for thyroidectomy in such case is hardly available. Special complications like trachealmalacia and difficult intubation which need one to be aware of fiber optic intubation and be prepared for tracheostomy require experienced operating team.

6.
Rev Neurol (Paris) ; 165(1): 76-80, 2009 Jan.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18930300

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: An observation of limbic encephalitis associated with Hodgkin's disease is compared with rare cases of the literature. The clinical presentation was relapsing episodes of febrile cognitive disorders with confusion and meningitis, curable after treatment of Hodgkin's disease. Recent concepts on limbic encephalitis are discussed. CASE REPORT: A seventy-five-year-old patient was hospitalized because of relapsing feverish confusion episodes with meningitis. During the year before his admission he had experienced four spontaneously regressive episodes of feverish confusion. Exploration of these episodes disclosed a paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis due to an underlying Hodgkin's disease. The treatment of Hodgkin's disease led to perfect recovery of cognitive function, so that the patient could drive his car. CONCLUSION: Lymphoproliferative disease, such as Hodgkin's disease, is a possible diagnosis in patients with limbic encephalitis. A dysimmune process underlying Hodgkin's disease might be operating in this association.


Assuntos
Confusão/etiologia , Confusão/psicologia , Doença de Hodgkin/complicações , Doença de Hodgkin/psicologia , Encefalite Límbica/etiologia , Encefalite Límbica/psicologia , Meningite/etiologia , Meningite/psicologia , Idoso , Autoanticorpos/análise , Autoanticorpos/isolamento & purificação , Eletroencefalografia , Febre/etiologia , Doença de Hodgkin/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Recidiva , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
7.
East Mediterr Health J ; 15(1): 19-24, 2009.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19469423

RESUMO

Relatives of cancer patients in Saudi Arabia tend to believe that telling the truth to the patient could lead to harm and suffering. This study assessed the attitudes of Saudi Arabian cancer patients towards disclosure of cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and benefits and adverse effects of therapy. A questionnaire survey was administered to patients attending the oncology service between January 2002 and December 2005 before they knew their diagnosis. Of 114 patients interviewed, all except 1 (99%) wished to know all the information about their disease and 100% rejected withholding information. Most of the patients (77%) wanted their family to know the diagnosis but few (17%) wanted their friends to be informed. Almost all patients wanted to know the benefits and adverse effects of therapy (98% and 99% respectively). All patients wanted to know about the prognosis of their disease.


Assuntos
Atitude Frente a Saúde/etnologia , Pacientes Internados/psicologia , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias/etnologia , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Revelação da Verdade , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Escolaridade , Família/etnologia , Feminino , Amigos/etnologia , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Hospitais de Ensino , Humanos , Pacientes Internados/educação , Islamismo/psicologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias/terapia , Prognóstico , Arábia Saudita , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
8.
Rev Med Interne ; 29(6): 520-3, 2008 Jun.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18206270

RESUMO

Links between Takayasu's arteritis (TA) and tuberculosis are discussed in the literature. We report the case of a Caucasian woman who was first seen for a regressive fever, associated with a normal clinical and chest and abdominal CT-scan examination. A minor granulomatous hepatitis was documented. She had no symptoms for the following four years. A second episode of persisting fever led to the diagnosis of simultaneous occurrence of diffuse TA and severe disseminated tuberculosis. Both affections were treated and the patient was still in good health after three years of follow-up. Simultaneous occurrence of both diseases in our observation supports evidence for a relationship between those two granulomatous diseases.


Assuntos
Arterite de Takayasu/complicações , Tuberculose Miliar/complicações , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/uso terapêutico , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Arterite de Takayasu/diagnóstico , Arterite de Takayasu/tratamento farmacológico , Resultado do Tratamento , Tuberculose Miliar/diagnóstico , Tuberculose Miliar/tratamento farmacológico
9.
Braz. j. biol ; 82: 1-10, 2022. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1468498

RESUMO

Alpha amylase, catalyzing the hydrolysis of starch is a ubiquitous enzyme with tremendous industrial applications. A 1698 bp gene coding for 565 amino acid amylase was PCR amplified from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans DSM-465, cloned in pET21a (+) plasmid, expressed in BL21 (DE3) strain of E. coli and characterized. The recombinant enzyme exhibited molecular weight of 63 kDa, optimum pH 8, optimum temperature 70°C, and KM value of 157.7µM. On pilot scale, the purified enzyme efficiently removed up to 95% starch from the cotton fabric indicating its desizing ability at high temperature. 3D model of enzyme built by Raptor-X and validated by Ramachandran plot appeared as a monomer having 31% α-helices, 15% β-sheets, and 52% loops. Docking studies have shown the best binding affinity of enzyme with amylopectin (∆G -10.59). According to our results, Asp 232, Glu274, Arg448, Glu385, Asp34, Asn276, and Arg175 constitute the potential active site of enzyme.


A alfa-amilase, que catalisa a hidrólise do amido, é uma enzima ubíqua com imensas aplicações industriais. Um gene de 1698 pb que codifica a amilase de 565 aminoácidos foi amplificado por PCR, a partir de Geobacillus thermodenitrificans DSM-465, clonado no plasmídeo pET21a (+), expresso na cepa BL21 (DE3) de E. coli e caracterizado. A enzima recombinante exibiu peso molecular de 63 kDa, pH ótimo igual a 8, temperatura ótima de 70° C e valor KM de 157,7 µM. Em escala piloto, a enzima purificada removeu com eficiência até 95% de amido do tecido de algodão, indicando sua capacidade de desengomagem em alta temperatura. O modelo 3D da enzima construída por Raptor-X e validada por Ramachandran plot apareceu como um monômero com 31% de hélices alfa, 15% de folhas beta e 52% de loops. Os estudos de docking mostraram melhor afinidade de ligação da enzima com amilopectina (∆G: - 10,59). De acordo com nossos resultados, Asp 232, Glu274, Arg448, Glu385, Asp34, Asn276 e Arg175 constituem o sítio ativo potencial da enzima.


Assuntos
Escherichia coli/genética , Geobacillus , Vetores Genéticos , alfa-Amilases/genética
10.
Braz. j. biol ; 822022.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1468685

RESUMO

Abstract Alpha amylase, catalyzing the hydrolysis of starch is a ubiquitous enzyme with tremendous industrial applications. A 1698 bp gene coding for 565 amino acid amylase was PCR amplified from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans DSM-465, cloned in pET21a (+) plasmid, expressed in BL21 (DE3) strain of E. coli and characterized. The recombinant enzyme exhibited molecular weight of 63 kDa, optimum pH 8, optimum temperature 70°C, and KM value of 157.7µM. On pilot scale, the purified enzyme efficiently removed up to 95% starch from the cotton fabric indicating its desizing ability at high temperature. 3D model of enzyme built by Raptor-X and validated by Ramachandran plot appeared as a monomer having 31% -helices, 15% -sheets, and 52% loops. Docking studies have shown the best binding affinity of enzyme with amylopectin (G -10.59). According to our results, Asp 232, Glu274, Arg448, Glu385, Asp34, Asn276, and Arg175 constitute the potential active site of enzyme.


Resumo A alfa-amilase, que catalisa a hidrólise do amido, é uma enzima ubíqua com imensas aplicações industriais. Um gene de 1698 pb que codifica a amilase de 565 aminoácidos foi amplificado por PCR, a partir de Geobacillus thermodenitrificans DSM-465, clonado no plasmídeo pET21a (+), expresso na cepa BL21 (DE3) de E. coli e caracterizado. A enzima recombinante exibiu peso molecular de 63 kDa, pH ótimo igual a 8, temperatura ótima de 70° C e valor KM de 157,7 µM. Em escala piloto, a enzima purificada removeu com eficiência até 95% de amido do tecido de algodão, indicando sua capacidade de desengomagem em alta temperatura. O modelo 3D da enzima construída por Raptor-X e validada por Ramachandran plot apareceu como um monômero com 31% de hélices alfa, 15% de folhas beta e 52% de loops. Os estudos de docking mostraram melhor afinidade de ligação da enzima com amilopectina (G: - 10,59). De acordo com nossos resultados, Asp 232, Glu274, Arg448, Glu385, Asp34, Asn276 e Arg175 constituem o sítio ativo potencial da enzima.

11.
Braz. j. biol ; 82: e239449, 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1249271

RESUMO

Alpha amylase, catalyzing the hydrolysis of starch is a ubiquitous enzyme with tremendous industrial applications. A 1698 bp gene coding for 565 amino acid amylase was PCR amplified from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans DSM465, cloned in pET21a (+) plasmid, expressed in BL21 (DE3) strain of E. coli and characterized. The recombinant enzyme exhibited molecular weight of 63 kDa, optimum pH 8, optimum temperature 70°C, and KM value of 157.7µM. On pilot scale, the purified enzyme efficiently removed up to 95% starch from the cotton fabric indicating its desizing ability at high temperature. 3D model of enzyme built by Raptor-X and validated by Ramachandran plot appeared as a monomer having 31% α-helices, 15% ß-sheets, and 52% loops. Docking studies have shown the best binding affinity of enzyme with amylopectin (∆G -10.59). According to our results, Asp 232, Glu274, Arg448, Glu385, Asp34, Asn276, and Arg175 constitute the potential active site of enzyme.


A alfa-amilase, que catalisa a hidrólise do amido, é uma enzima ubíqua com imensas aplicações industriais. Um gene de 1698 pb que codifica a amilase de 565 aminoácidos foi amplificado por PCR, a partir de Geobacillus thermodenitrificans DSM-465, clonado no plasmídeo pET21a (+), expresso na cepa BL21 (DE3) de E. coli e caracterizado. A enzima recombinante exibiu peso molecular de 63 kDa, pH ótimo igual a 8, temperatura ótima de 70° C e valor KM de 157,7 µM. Em escala piloto, a enzima purificada removeu com eficiência até 95% de amido do tecido de algodão, indicando sua capacidade de desengomagem em alta temperatura. O modelo 3D da enzima construída por Raptor-X e validada por Ramachandran plot apareceu como um monômero com 31% de hélices alfa, 15% de folhas beta e 52% de loops. Os estudos de docking mostraram melhor afinidade de ligação da enzima com amilopectina (∆G: - 10,59). De acordo com nossos resultados, Asp 232, Glu274, Arg448, Glu385, Asp34, Asn276 e Arg175 constituem o sítio ativo potencial da enzima.


Assuntos
Escherichia coli/genética , alfa-Amilases/genética , alfa-Amilases/metabolismo , Temperatura , Estabilidade Enzimática , Clonagem Molecular , Geobacillus , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio
12.
Indian J Cancer ; 53(4): 615-618, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28485365

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Cancer has been perceived as an incurable disease, and therefore, disclosure of cancer could harm patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore Saudi cancer patients' views regarding disclosure of cancer information and the impact of gender, regions, and level of education on their desire to be disclosed of the diagnosis and prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A face-to-face interview was conducted during patient's evaluation at our hospital prior to their knowledge of being diagnosed with cancer. RESULTS: Of 420 patients, 97.62% wanted to know all information about cancer and more than 96% wished to know the benefits and side effects of chemotherapy. None of the patients wanted to be treated without knowing their diagnosis, and almost all of them (94.76%) wanted to know about the prognosis. Patients from eastern region and male patients wanted to know their diagnosis more frequently than those from other regions and female patients (98.2% vs. 74.47%, P = 0.001; 97.90% vs. 92.17%, P = 0.008, respectively). Patients from Eastern Province, male patients, and educated patients wished to know their prognosis more frequently than those from other regions, female patients, and illiterate patients (94.98% vs. 68.79%, P = 0.001; 94.74% vs. 86.09%, P = 0.003; and 94.23% vs. 98.58%, P = 0.016, respectively). CONCLUSION: This study indicates that almost all the Saudi cancer patients wanted to know about their cancer diagnosis, prognosis, benefits and side effects of chemotherapy. Regions, gender, and level of education may affect patient's desire for cancer information.


Assuntos
Neoplasias/psicologia , Revelação da Verdade , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Arábia Saudita , Adulto Jovem
14.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci ; 52(4): B217-20, 1997 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9224427

RESUMO

Red blood cells (RBC) from 24 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, 18 age- and sex-matched nondemented (ND) patients, hospitalized in the same facility for orthopedic problems, and 18 healthy volunteers aged 30-52 years were studied in order to gain insight into the nature of RBC membrane modifications in AD. Significant differences were found between RBC from AD and ND patients or young controls respectively for annexin V-binding (45.5 +/- 18.0% vs 27.1 +/- 14.7 and 2.7 +/- 1.9, p = .003), fraction of glycerol resistant cells (30.8 +/- 11.1% vs 19.6 +/- 6.4 and 10.2 +/- 3.1, p = .026), cell electrophoretic mobility in polymer (1.028 +/- 0.022 microns sec-1 V-1 cm vs 1.046 +/- 0.022 and 1.053 +/- 0.021, p = .02) and only limited significance for the filterability (1.46 +/- 0.12 msec vs 1.58 +/- 0.11 and 1.54 +/- 0.11, p = 0.1). A logistic analysis, using simultaneously several features as independent variables, suggested the combined use of annexinV- binding, glycerol resistance, and cell filterability which allowed the assignment of 95% of patients from this cohort to the right group. A prospective analysis of a larger cohort is required for the estimation of the diagnostic value of this test battery. In addition, the high level of annexin binding is characteristic of a disruption of the phospholipid asymmetry in aged or damaged cells, while the high glycerol resistance combined with low electrophoretic mobility an rigidity characterize young RBC, thus indicating an enhanced turnover of RBC in Alzheimer's disease.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/sangue , Membrana Eritrocítica/fisiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anexina A5/sangue , Estudos de Coortes , Resistência a Medicamentos , Eletroforese , Deformação Eritrocítica , Membrana Eritrocítica/metabolismo , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Glicerol/farmacologia , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polímeros , Valores de Referência
15.
Med Oncol ; 15(4): 241-7, 1998 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9951687

RESUMO

In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), hospital and population based statistics have shown that breast cancer has the highest crude frequency rate among Saudi women. The scarcity of reports about the disease in the KSA has been the impetus to this analysis about breast cancer in the eastern province of KSA. Data on female patients with invasive breast carcinoma seen at King Fahd Hospital of the University in the eastern province of KSA, were retrospectively reviewed. The analysis intended to examine the pattern of the disease and the outcome for patients. Between 1985 and 1995, 292 patients were identified. Their median age +/- SD (standard deviation) was 42 +/- 10.5 years. Most patients were younger than 50 years (78%) and were predominantly premenopausals (79%). Only 25 (9%) of patients had stage I cancer, whilst 130 (44%), 90 (30%), and 47 (16%) had stage II, III, and IV, respectively. Among patients with known axillary nodal status (242 patients), only 37% were node-negative whilst 32% and 31% had 1-3, and > or = 4 positive nodes, respectively. Adjuvant chemotherapy and tamoxifen were commonly offered; nonetheless, other adjuvant modalities were rarely utilised. The median follow-up +/- SD of all patients was 62.3 +/- 8.9 months: 152 patients (52%) were alive with no evidence of disease, 25 (9%) were alive with evidence of disease, and 115 (39%) were dead from breast cancer or its related complications. The median survival of the entire group was not obtained, but the 10-year projected survival was 55%. For stage I and II patients, 118 (76%) were alive with a projected 10-year actuarial survival of 64%. On the other hand, only 51 (57%) of patients with stage III disease were alive with a median survival of 41.5 months (95% Confidence interval (CI), 18.9 to 51.3). Patients with stage IV disease demonstrated a poor outcome with a median survival of 23.5 (95%, CI 12.2 to 31.4). Multivariate analyses were performed to explore the influence of independent variables on overall survival (OS) for patients with non-metastatic disease. Besides the expected adverse effect of disease progression, the favourable influence of adjuvant chemotherapy and tamoxifen prevailed. The amount of benefit gained from tamoxifen, however, was small. Similar analyses were undertaken to determine the influence of independent variables on progression-free survival (PFS). These analyses ascertained the adverse effects of advanced stage and the favourable impact of adjuvant chemotherapy. Breast cancer in the KSA has features that are distinctive from those of industrialised countries. Survival data, however, were comparable. The favourable influence of adjuvant chemotherapy was evident on both OS and PFS. Adjuvant tamoxifen, however, had little effect. Due to its infrequent use, the role of other adjuvant modalities could not be asserted.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Adulto , Idoso , Neoplasias da Mama/mortalidade , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Metástase Neoplásica , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/epidemiologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/mortalidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Arábia Saudita/epidemiologia , Análise de Sobrevida
16.
Forensic Sci Int ; 145(1): 41-6, 2004 Oct 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15374593

RESUMO

Mannitol hexaacetate (MHA) has been detected by GC-MS in some brown illicit drug seizures in which diacetylmorphine (DAM) was completely lacking. The presence of MHA as a genuine ingredient of the drug seizures rather than a storage- or an analytical artifact, formed by transacetylation of mannitol with the DAM in the heroin, has been verified. It is argued that MHA was formed as a result of the addition of mannitol, as diluent, before the acetylating step in the process of the heroin preparation. This early dilution in the production and distribution chain of the illicit drug is deemed as peculiar, nonetheless it may be highly indicative of a specific production process of heroin in a trafficking organization.


Assuntos
Heroína/química , Drogas Ilícitas/química , Manitol/análogos & derivados , Manitol/análise , Entorpecentes/química , Acetatos , Medicina Legal/métodos , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Estrutura Molecular
17.
Forensic Sci Int ; 140(2-3): 175-83, 2004 Mar 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15036439

RESUMO

Reticuline (a precursor of opium alkaloids) was detected and characterised as its trimethylsilyl ethers, acetyl esters and methyl ethers by GC-EIMS and GC-CIMS in opium and the urine of opium users after hydrolysis by acid or beta-glucuronidase as coextractive of morphine. Because this compound cannot be detected in heroin and poppy seeds, it is suggested as a differentiating marker between opium and heroin use, opium and poppy seeds use, or opium and "pharmaceutical" codeine use in cases when opiate use has been confirmed by detection of morphine and codeine in the urine. As well as being a constituent of opium, reticuline in the urine of opium users may also result from the metabolic demethylation of the three other benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline opium alkaloids: codamine, laudanosine and laudanine.


Assuntos
Alcaloides/análise , Benzilisoquinolinas/análise , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Opioides/diagnóstico , Ópio/análise , Detecção do Abuso de Substâncias/métodos , Alcaloides/urina , Benzilisoquinolinas/urina , Biomarcadores/análise , Biomarcadores/urina , Codeína/análise , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Heroína/análise , Humanos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Opioides/urina , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Sementes/química
18.
Forensic Sci Int ; 142(1): 61-9, 2004 May 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15272474

RESUMO

Reticuline (a precursor of opium alkaloids) was detected and characterised as its trimethylsilyl ethers, acetyl esters and methyl ethers by GC-EIMS and GC-CIMS in opium and the urine of opium users after hydrolysis by acid or beta-glucuronidase as coextractive of morphine. Because this compound cannot be detected in heroin and poppy seeds, it is suggested as a differentiating marker between opium and heroin use, opium and poppy seeds use, or opium and "pharmaceutical" codeine use in cases when opiate use has been confirmed by detection of morphine and codeine in the urine. As well as being a constituent of opium, reticuline in the urine of opium users may also result from the metabolic demethylation of the three other benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline opium alkaloids: codamine, laudanosine and laudanine.


Assuntos
Alcaloides/análise , Benzilisoquinolinas/análise , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Opioides/diagnóstico , Ópio/análise , Detecção do Abuso de Substâncias/métodos , Alcaloides/urina , Benzilisoquinolinas/urina , Biomarcadores/análise , Biomarcadores/urina , Codeína/análise , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Heroína/análise , Humanos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Opioides/urina , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Sementes/química
19.
Forensic Sci Int ; 135(1): 16-26, 2003 Jul 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12893131

RESUMO

A GC-MS method has been developed for the detection of amphetamine, methamphetamine, and the ephedrines, in seizures and the urine, based on on-GC condensation (derivatization) with cyclohexanone. The method is simple: the dried seizure material or the urine extract was mixed with cyclohexanone and injected into the GC-MS. The method was found to be superior to the methods based on acyl and trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatization. Unlike for the acyl and TMS derivatives, the molecular and fragment ions of the cyclohexanone condensation products (cyclohexanone derivatives) were of substantial abundance, a useful property in unambiguous compound characterization. Furthermore, the high stability of the "derivatizing" reagent, cyclohexanone, compared with acyl and TMS derivatizing reagents, is a useful property in method development. The present method has proved selective and, tentatively, sensitive enough in the following areas (where methods based on acyl and TMS derivatization, as tested in this laboratory, have failed): (a) detection of amphetamine as a metabolite of methamphetamine; (b) detection of norpseudoephedrine as a metabolite of pseudoephedrine; (c) detection of amphetamine as an impurity of methamphetamine; (d) detection of cathine (norephedrine) as a constituent of Khat leaves; and (e) differentiation of Khat use from phenylpropanolamine use.


Assuntos
Anfetaminas/urina , Estimulantes do Sistema Nervoso Central/urina , Cicloexanonas , Efedrina/urina , Medicina Legal/métodos , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Convulsões/urina , Anfetaminas/química , Catha , Estimulantes do Sistema Nervoso Central/química , Efedrina/química , Humanos , Metanfetamina/química , Metanfetamina/urina
20.
J Anal Toxicol ; 25(5): 316-22, 2001.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11499884

RESUMO

Among the different 1,4-benzodiazepine urinary metabolites, those of bromazepam possess distinctive chemical features that may be used in their selective isolation and detection. The detection of bromazepam metabolites in urine was carried out using EMIT d.a.u., thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The positive EMIT d.a.u. benzodiazepine assay for bromazepam was found to be due to the 3-hydroxybromazepam (3HOB) metabolite. The detection by TLC and GC-MS was carried out after enzyme or acid hydrolysis of the glucuronide conjugates. Both the 2-amino-3-hydroxy5-bromobenzoylpyridine (AHBBP) metabolite and the acid hydrolysis product of 3-HOB, 2-amino-5-bromobenzoylpyridine (ABBP), were selectively detected by TLC. The bromazepam metabolites in urine could be both isolated and detected selectively by GC-MS in the presence of the metabolites of other 1,4-benzodiazepines that were sometimes used in combination with bromazepam. Both 3-HOB and AHBBP were detected by GC-MS only after trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatization and not as the free compounds or the acetyl derivatives. Only ABBP was detected in three forms: ABBP, the TMS derivative, and the acetyl derivative. Evidence has been obtained from the enzyme hydrolysis and the TLC studies for the formation of the glucuronide conjugate of AHBBP at the 3-OH group rather than at the 2-NH2 group. All the results have been validated using reference 3-HOB and AHBBP.


Assuntos
Bromazepam/análogos & derivados , Bromazepam/urina , Cromatografia em Camada Fina , Técnica de Imunoensaio Enzimático de Multiplicação , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Detecção do Abuso de Substâncias/métodos , Bromazepam/análise , Bromazepam/metabolismo , Humanos
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