[The effect of bromocryptin on rotational activity in rats]. / Vliianie bromokriptina na rotatsionnuiu aktivnost' krys.

The experiments were made in rats with unilateral lesion to the nigrostriatal tract, which was induced by the highly active dopaminergic neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium. The rotational activity of rats was evaluated after intragastric and subcutaneous bromocryptine given in a single dose of 10 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg one, two, three and four times. The highest effect of the drug was seen when it was used in the maximum dose of 25 mg/kg, but when the agent is repeatedly given in the above dose, it failed to enhance the rotational activity of rats. The findings may provide evidence for possibilities of increasing the doses of bromocryptine in practical medicine, and for designing the injectable dosage form of the drug.

[Phospholipid spectrum in target organs in chronic stress]. / Spektr fosfolipidov v organakhmisheniiakh pri khronicheskom stress.

The phospholipid composition of the viscera, such as the heart, liver, the fundal part of the stomach, arterial wall and the truncal part of the brain, was studied in rats exposed to chronic stress. The changes in the visceral phospholipid spectrum during chronic stress were found to be phasic, which appeared as significant increases in parameters under study within the first fortnight and their drastic drop at month 2 of stress. The time course of changes occurring in the phospholipid spectrum was held to be associated with adaptive and maladaptive phases of chronic stress. Unlike the viscera, the brain and erythrocytes showed no substantial changes in the major phospholipid fractions during chronic stress. The findings are regarded as evidence for the change-over of carbohydrate oxidation to lipid oxidation in the viscera during chronic stress, but not in the brain and erythrocytes.

[Effects of substance P on experimental parkinsonian syndrome]. / Vliianie substantsii P na éksperimental'nyi parkinsonicheskii sindrom.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of substance P (SP) on parkinsonian syndrome and the generator of pathologically enhanced excitation (GPEE) in the caudate nuclei (CN). Repeated i. p. administration of MPTP in 12 month rats induced oligokinesia and rigidity followed by the high amplitude slow and rapid waves in both CN. The changes of electrical activity in CN were more prominent than in the sensorimotor cortex. The bilateral intracaudate injection of SP (5 micrograms) resulted in an increase in motor activity and almost completely abolished the rigidity. The reduction of extrapyramidal symptoms was considered as a result of the inhibition of GPEE. The changes of the SP balance in nigro-striatal system was suggested to be one of the pathogenetic links of parkinsonian syndrome.

[Effects of difenin on experimental parkinsonian syndrome]. / Vliianie difenina na éksperimental'nyi parkinsonicheskii sindrom.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of difenin on parkinsonian syndrome and the generator of pathologically enhanced excitation (GPEE) in the caudata nuclei (CN). Repeated i. p. administration of MPTP in 12 month rats induced oligokinesis and rigidity followed by the high amplitude slow and rapid waves in the CN and in sensorimotor cortex (SC). The changes of the electrical activity in the CN were more prominent then in SC. I.p. injection of difenin (20 mg/kg) resulted in an increase of motor activity and decrease of rigidity in rats. The reduction of extrapyramidal symptoms were correlated with at the inhibition of GPEE in the CN. These data suggest that difenin can be a part of the complex pathogenetic therapy of parkinsonian syndrome.

[The characteristics of a parkinsonian syndrome induced in an experiment by a deficiency of nigrostriatal dopamine and by stimulation of the cholinergic neurons of the caudate nucleus]. / Osobennosti parkinsonicheskogo sindroma, vyzvannogo v éksperimente defitsitom nigrostriarnogo dofamina i stimuliatsiei kholinergicheskikh neironov khvostatykh iader.

An experimental parkinsonian syndrome (PS) was induced by systemic administration of MPTP or oxotremorine, by intranigral administration of MPP+ or injection of acetyl choline and proserine into the rostral part of both caudate nuclei. The development of extrapyramidal disorders was studied simultaneously with EEG recording. The electric activity (EA) was recorded in the sensorimotor cortex, caudate nuclei, ventrolateral nuclei of the thalami, substantia nigra and globus pallidus. Tremor, oligokinesia and rigidity were characterized by the appearance of paroxysmal activity on EA with high amplitude of slow and rapid waves. The data obtained allow us to conclude that PS neuropathophysiological basis is the formation of the generator of pathologically enhanced excitation (GPEE) in the caudate nuclei. It was found that akinesia-rigidity syndromes were observed in the rats with both MPTP and MPP(+)-induced PS. Tremor was observed after administration of oxotremorine or acetyl choline with proserine more often than after treatment with MPTP or MPP+. Some peculiarities of the GPEE activity in these forms of PS were observed. Also, there is dissociation in effects of antiparkinsonian drugs in different forms of PS.

[Parkinson syndrome after administration of acetylcholine into the caudate nuclei]. / Sindrom Parkinsona posle vvedeniia atsetilkholina v khvostatye iadra.

Rats with the Parkinsonian syndrome induced by administration of acetyl choline and proserine into the rostral part of both caudate nuclei manifest an increased electrical activity (EA) in this part. Tremor, oligokinesia and rigidity are characterized by the appearance of paroxysmal EA with high amplitude of slow and rapid waves. The data obtained allow to conclude that neuropathophysiological basis of the Parkinsonian syndrome is the formation of the generator of pathologically enhanced excitation (GPEE) in the caudate nuclei. Some peculiarities of the GPEE activity in tremor and akinetic rigidity syndromes were observed. Intrarostral administration of dopamine or intraperitoneal administration of cyclodol resulted in the inhibition of GPEE and disappearance of clinical manifestations of Parkinsonian syndrome.

[Experimental parkinsonian syndrome in rats induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine]. / Eksperimental'nyi parkinsonicheskii sindrom u krys, vyzvannyi 1-metil-4-fenil-1,2,3,6-tetragidropiridinom.

Systemic administration of high doses of MPTP caused transient bradykinesia, "freezing" episodes, head tremors, hunching of the back and peripheral autonomic effects. Neurological syndrome was clearly dose-dependent. It has been established that Parkinson's syndrome is caused by high-amplitude paroxysmal discharges in the nucleus caudatis. It is concluded that the nucleus caudatis plays the role of a pathological determinant structure in the development of Parkinson's syndrome induced by MPTP.

[Role of the striatal serotoninergic apparatus in Parkinsonian syndrome]. / Uchastie serotoninergicheskogo apparata striatuma v parkinsonicheskom sindrome.

Injected into the rat caudate nuclei (CN) serotonin promotes the generator of pathologically enhanced excitation (GPEE) in CN and parkinsonian symptoms, induced by MPP+ injection into substantia nigra. Serotonin antibody injected in CN decreases the GPEE activity and partly suppresses the parkinsonian symptoms. The role of serotoninergic system in parkinsonism is discussed.

[EEG changes and symptomatic parkinsonism after intracaudate administration of dopamine antibodies]. / Izmenenie EEG i iavleniia parkinsonizma pri intrakaudatnom vvedenii antitel k dofaminu.

Intracaudate bilateral injection of the dopamine antibodies caused the formation of the generator of pathologically enhanced excitation in caudate nuclei. All the rats exhibited the oligokinesia, rigidity and head tremor were observed in most animals. These abnormalities could be observed during 24 hours. The possible role of dopamine antibodies in parkinsonism pathogenesis is discussed.

[Lipid peroxidation in the caudate nuclei in experimental parkinsonian syndrome]. / Perekisnoe okislenie lipidov v kvostatykh iadrakh pri éksperimental'nom parkinsonicheskom sindrome.

Lipid peroxidation was investigated in adult (8-10 months of age) rat striatum with Parkinsonian syndrome induced by MPTP and its metabolite MPP+. MPTP 20 mg/kg i.p. 4 doses) produced a slight enhancement of lipid peroxidation and significant increase when MPP+ (0.04 mg/kg) was injected into the substantia nigra.

[Clinico-electroencephalographic indices of the parkinsonian syndrome induced by MPP+ in rats]. / Kliniko-élektroéntsefalograficheskie pokazateli parkinsonicheskogo sindroma, vyzvannogo MFP+ u krys.

The bilateral intranigral injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion (MPP+) (10 g) produced significant oligokinesia, rigidity and weak tremor in rats. The extrapyramidal disturbances manifest a high-amplitude paroxysmal activity (PA) in the structures studied. It was found that the Pa was remarkable and more stable in the caudata nucleus than in other brain structures. It is PA that gives us the real basis to conclude the formation of the generator of pathologically enhanced excitation (GPEE) in the caudata nuclei. The analysis of PA dynamics revealed that the formation of the GPEE in the caudata nuclei correlated with development of parkinsonian syndrome (PS).

[Serotonin antibodies and their possible role in parkinsonism]. / Antitela k serotoninu i ikh vozmozhnaia rol' pri parkinsonizme.

Serotonin antibodies (SAb) were found in the blood sera of middle-aged and elderly parkinsonian patients. The incidence of Sab in young and middle-aged healthy subjects was less, but increasing with age. Injected into the rabbit caudate nuclei, Sab suppressed the main pathogenetic mechanism of parkinsonian syndrome, the generator of pathologically enhanced excitation (GPEE) and parkinsonian symptoms induced by the MPP injection into substantia nigra. The intracaudate injection of serotonin enhanced GPEE activity and parkinsonian syndrome. The role of serotoninergic system and Sab in parkinsonism is discussed.