A retrospective screening and epidemiological study of oncological and other diseases in the oral and maxillofacial region at the University of Szeged, Department of Oral Medicine (1960-2014).

The Department of Oral Medicine at the University of Szeged was responsible for the stomato-oncological care of the population of three counties (with a population of 1,7 M at an average) in the period 1960-201 4. The present report summarizes the incidence of oral medicine diseases during this period. The overall number of new out-patients at the Department of Oral Surgery between 1960 and 2014 was 338,200. These patients were dental and oral surgical patients who presented spontaneously or were referred from the general practice, or stomato-oncological patients referred from general dental practices in-the three counties. Of the 338,200 new cases, 9,482 (2.8%) were benign tumors, 5438 (1.6%) premalignancies and 5,145 (1.5%) malignant tumors. This means a total of 20,065 tumor cases (5.9%) in the examined period, of which 10,579 (3.1 %) were premalignancies and malignancies. 14,446 patients presented with other diseases of the oral mucous membrane (5.8%, data available from 1974). Data on the number of stomato-oncological control patients in any given year are available from 1970 on. In the period 1970-2014, the total number of check-up patients was 117,268, this is the 76,97% of the departments overall number of patients. As for the tendencies, in the representative period of 1960-2004, the number of new benign tumors 15-fold, premalignancies 30-fold, and malignant tumors exhibited an 25-fold increase, while the number of other conditions affecting the oral mucosa showed a 14-fold increase.

International comparison of blood pressure and BMI values in schoolchildren aged 11-16 years.

AIMS: This study comprised part of a larger cross-sectional survey performed in Hungary in the period 2005-2006, which was designed first to reveal the representative age-, gender- and height-specific percentile values for the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in Hungarian children aged 11-16 years. The second aim was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity. METHODS: Analyses were performed on 14,290 Hungarian children aged 11-16 years. All blood pressure (BP) measurements were made with a validated, automated, digital device. The criteria recommended by international guidelines were used. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among the Hungarian children was found to be 23.4% (3347 adolescents; International Obesity Task Force criteria). Previous studies have reported that the strongest correlation is observed between the BP values and weight, and our results are in accordance with this. CONCLUSIONS: Regional differences in morphometry (different prevalences of overweight and obesity) and the genetic background, disparate eating habits and other cultural factors may account for the differences in BP levels during childhood. As the prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing worldwide, it is important that countries carefully monitor the weight and BP status of their children and adolescents.

Plasma concentrations of high-mobility group box protein 1, soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products and circulating DNA in patients with acute pancreatitis.

AIMS: High-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1), a late-acting proinflammatory cytokine, is secreted actively by inflammatory cells, and released passively from necrotic cells. From the aspect that both inflammation and necrosis are involved in the pathogenesis in acute pancreatitis, the aim of the study was a joint investigation of the plasma concentrations of HMGB1, its soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE), and the circulating DNA as a marker of cell death. METHODS: 62 patients with acute pancreatitis (30 mild, 32 severe), 20 patients with sepsis, and 20 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. HMGB1 and sRAGE plasma levels were measured by means of ELISA. Plasma DNA concentrations were estimated by real-time quantitative PCR for the beta-globin gene. RESULTS: The circulating HMGB1 level was significantly higher in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (13.33 +/- 2.11 ng/ml) than in healthy controls (0.161 +/- 0.03 ng/ml) or than in patients with mild pancreatitis (2.64 +/- 0.185 ng/ml). The plasma concentration of sRAGE was highest in patients with sepsis (2,210 +/- 252 pg/ml), while the levels of sRAGE correlated inversely with that of HMGB1 in patients with acute pancreatitis. The plasma DNA level was significantly elevated in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (2,206 +/- 452 ng/ml). CONCLUSION: A complex study of the plasma levels of HMGB1, sRAGE and circulating DNA can be informative in evaluations of acute pancreatitis with different levels of severity.

Optical platelet aggregometry does not appear useful as a means of assessing the risk of recurrent vascular events in aspirin-treated patients.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether the results of optical platelet aggregometry indicate the risk of recurrent ischemic events. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cerebro- and cardiovascular patients taking aspirin for at least 30 days were studied retrospectively. Ischemic vascular events occurring prior to testing and the presence of vascular risk factors were recorded. RESULTS: 241 subjects were included. Among the 78 patients (32.4%) who displayed recurrent vascular episodes, the age (62.5 +/- 10.6 vs. 58.4 +/- 11.6, P = 0.009) and the proportion of hypertensives (80.8% vs. 68.1%, P = 0.040) were significantly higher when compared with the participants who exhibited single events. The degree of platelet aggregation did not differ significantly between the patients with and those without recurrent episodes. Logistic regression analysis identified only age (OR 1.033, 95% CI 1.008-1.058, P = 0.010), and not aggregation values, as a risk condition for recurrent vascular episodes. CONCLUSIONS: Results of optical platelet aggregometry were not indicative of the risk of recurrent vascular events. The role of conventional risk factors appeared to be more important.

Manual lymph drainage efficiently reduces postoperative facial swelling and discomfort after removal of impacted third molars.

The removal of wisdom teeth is often associated with severe postoperative edema and pain, and operation on the third molar can cause local inflammation that impairs lymph transport. The objective of the study was to assess the efficacy of manual lymph drainage (MLD) in reducing swelling following bilateral wisdom tooth removal. Ten consecutive patients with bilateral impacted wisdom teeth that required surgical removal were enrolled in the study. Each patient was postoperatively treated with MLD (after Vodder's method) on one side of the neck region with the untreated contralateral side as a control. Swelling was evaluated using a tape-measure placed in contact with the skin. The six landmarks of measurement included tragus-lip junction, tragus-pogonion, mandibular angle-external corner of eye, mandibular angle-ala nasi, mandibular angle-lip junction, and mandibular angle-median point of chin. Subjective assessment of MLD was conducted with self-evaluation using a visual analogue bar scale (VAS, range 0-100 mm). Of the 6 linear measurements, 4 lines (2, 4, 5, 6) showed a significant reduction of swelling on the side of MLD compared to the untreated side. Mean score of VAS of pretreatment condition was 35.5 +/- 20.60 mm that decreased to 22 +/- 19.32 mm measured after MLD (p=0.0295). This initial study demonstrates that MLD may promote an improvement of lymph circulation and work in an adjunctive role for reduction of postoperative swelling and pain following removal of impacted third molars.

Independent and joint effects of antibodies to human heat-shock protein 60 and Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in the development of coronary atherosclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Studies have suggested that the prevalence of antibodies against heat-shock proteins (HSPs), Chlamydia pneumoniae (CPN), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), but the independent or joint effects of human (h) HSP60 antibodies and these pathogens in patients have not been fully elucidated. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 405 subjects (276 patients with CAD and 129 control individuals) were tested for serum antibodies to hHSP60, CPN, and CMV immediate-early-1 (IE1) antigens. Patients were also assessed for serum cholesterol, triglyceride levels, and smoking habit. Significantly elevated levels of antibodies to hHSP60 and CPN but not to CMV-IE1 antigens were documented in CAD patients. Multiple logistic regression analysis and subanalyses of selected subjects showed that these associations were independent of age, sex, smoking, and serum lipid levels. Antibodies to hHSP60 and CPN did not correlate quantitatively; however, the relative risk of disease development was substantially increased in subjects with high antibody levels to both hHSP60 and CPN:, reaching an odds ratio of 82.0 (95% CI 10.6 to 625.0). CONCLUSIONS: High levels of antibodies to hHSP60 and CPN: are independent risk factors for coronary atherosclerosis, but their simultaneous presence substantially increases the risk for disease development.

Stereotaxic injection of IgG from patients with Alzheimer disease initiates injury of cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain.

CONTEXT: The participation of an immune/inflammatory process in the pathomechanism of sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD) has been suggested by evidence for activated microglia and the potential therapeutic benefit of anti-inflammatory medication. OBJECTIVE: To define a possible role for IgG in the immune/inflammatory process of AD in humans, we assayed the ability of IgG samples from patients with AD to target the injury to cholinergic neurons in rat basal forebrain in vivo. DESIGN: IgG purified from the serum or plasma from patients with AD and patients with other neurological disease who were used as control (DC) patients was injected stereotaxically into the medial septum of adult rats. Four weeks later coronal sections of the whole medial septum-diagonal bands of Broca region were immunostained for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) to identify cholinergic neuronal cells. SETTING: University medical centers. PATIENTS: Blood samples were collected from 8 patients with probable and definite AD and from 6 age-matched DC patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Detection of changes in the number of ChAT immunopositive cell profiles in sections and statistical evaluation. RESULTS: Four weeks after the injections, IgG samples from patients with AD significantly reduced the number of ChAT-immunostained cell profiles in the whole medial septum-diagonal bands of Broca region compared with IgGs from DC patients. Neither DC IgGs nor saline solution significantly decreased the number of ChAT-immunopositive neuronal cell profiles. CONCLUSION: Data document that IgG from patients with AD can target a stereotaxically induced immune/inflammatory injury to cholinergic neurons in the rat basal forebrain in vivo.

Relationship between stimulus complexity and neuronal activity in the inferotemporal cortex of the macaque monkey.

The single-unit activity of 217 cells was recorded from the inferotemporal cortex (IT) of two awake macaque monkeys while they performed a fixation task. The stimuli were coloured geometrical shapes or coloured representations of natural or artificial objects. To determine whether the stimuli could be separated into groups on the basis on neuronal population behaviour, the responses to the images were analysed by factor analysis and cluster analysis. It was a common result of each analysis that, on the basis of neuronal responses, the stimulus set could be separated into two groups, despite the lack of difference in mean response rate to them. Similar groups were formed when only the first half of the responses was analysed. The results suggest a differential coding of the images of simple geometrical shapes and of the images of complex, real (photographic) objects. We found significant differences between the two stimulus groups in physical features, other than size or luminance. Our results suggest that the same neurone population might respond differently to simple and complex images in the first 150 ms of their responses. The differences might be attributed to "non-obvious" physical features of the stimuli, such as the amount of internal lines in the images, colourfulness and the length of perimeter of the stimuli.

Vasopressin deficiency decreases the frequency of gastroduodenal ulceration in humans.

Vasopressin is a stress hormone released from the posterior pituitary. In humans suffering from central diabetes insipidus, this release of vasopressin is diminished. It was shown previously that the congenitally vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro homozygous rat is less sensitive to various ulcerogenic stimuli. In this study, we investigated the incidence of gastroduodenal ulceration in vasopressin deficient patients. Data on patients aged 20-70, hospitalized in Hungary between 1992 and 1995 were compared with those on the total population in this age group (6,681,020 in 1994). Subjects with central diabetes insipidus were selected separately (815 cases). Gastroduodenal ulceration was compared in subjects with an intact vasopressin release and vasopressin-deficient patients. The frequencies of gastroduodenal ulceration were also examined separately in male and female subjects. In the total population, the frequency of gastroduodenal ulceration was lower in vasopressin-deficient cases (2.22% versus 0.61%; P < 0.005). Among normal-vasopressin subjects, males have a higher risk of gastroduodenal ulceration than females (3.04% versus 1.46%, respectively; P < 0.001). Among vasopressin-deficient subjects, a similar male:female ratio was observed, but it was not significant (P = 0.36). In comparison to the normal-vasopressin population, the incidence of gastroduodenal ulceration was reduced among vasopressin-deficient males and females by 77% (P < 0.01) and by 82% (P < 0.05), respectively. In conclusion, endogenous vasopressin has a significant harmful action towards the human gastroduodenal mucosa. Peptide and non-peptide vasopressin receptor antagonists might have a potential therapeutic benefit in the treatment (as an adjuvant) and prevention of gastroduodenal ulceration.

Evaluation of pancreatic exocrine function by secretin-enhanced magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography.

AIM: To assess the feasibility and usefulness of secretin-enhanced magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (S-MRCP) for evaluation of pancreatic exocrine function. METHODOLOGY: S-MRCP was performed in 20 patients with mild (n = 8) or severe (n = 12) chronic pancreatitis (according to the grade of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency indicated by the Lundh test) and in 10 volunteers without pancreatic disease. MRCP images were evaluated before and 10 minutes after the intravenous administration of 0.5 IU/kg secretin. The changes in pancreatic tissue T2 signal intensity and duodenal filling after the injection of secretin were determined by means of S-MRCP. The S-MRCP findings were then compared with those of the Lundh test. RESULTS: The pancreatic T2 signal intensity showed a significant elevation after secretin administration in the volunteers and in the patients with mild or severe chronic pancreatitis. This elevation was significantly lower in patients with mild and severe chronic pancreatitis than in the volunteers (66.85+/-15.77 and 24.45+/-5.85 vs. 200.0+/-45.07, respectively). After administration of secretin. the diameter of the duodenum was significantly increased in all three groups. This duodenal filling was significantly reduced in patients with mild or severe exocrine pancreatic insufficiency as compared with the volunteers (4.12+/-1.33 and 1.70+/-0.77 vs. 15.38+/-1.73, respectively). There was no significant difference in pancreatic T2 signal intensity changes or in duodenal filling in patients with mild or severe exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. There were significant correlations between the pancreatic T2 signal intensity changes and the duodenal filling and the results of the Lundh test (r = -0.616 and -0.78). CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that the administration of secretin increases the T2 signal intensity of the pancreatic tissue and the diameter of the duodenum to different extents in normal subjects and in patients with chronic pancreatitis. This suggests that S-MRCP can provide information of value in the assessment of an exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.

Hypertension screening in a dental surgery: a Hungarian study.

Blood pressure screening measurements were made on 1,004 consecutive patients attending a dental surgery in the city of Szeged. Twenty-four per cent of the adults were found to be hypertensive by WHO criteria (blood pressure greater than 160/95 mmHg), of whom 35% were unaware of their disease. Forty-two per cent of those receiving antihypertensive drug treatment had inadequately controlled blood pressure. Thirty-seven per cent (217) of the women (total 597) used oral contraceptive pills, of whom 37% (85) had stopped taking them previously. The blood pressure was higher and hypertension was more frequent in 'pill' users. This phenomenon seems to be at least partially reversible.

PIP: 1004 consecutive patients at a dental clinic in Szeged, Hungary were screened for blood pressure (BP) and categorized as to sex, age, smoking and oral contraceptive status. 24% were found to be hypertensive by WHO criteria, (160/95 mm Hg), as judged by the lowest of 2 measurements after a 10 minute rest in the sitting position. There were no differences in mean BP between males and females except that males had higher BP at ages 40, and females 70. 65% of those with hypertension were aware, and 85% of these were being treated. 31% of the total group smoked. BP of women taking oral contraceptives were significantly higher than that in non-users or past users (p0.5 systolic, 0.1 diastolic). The greatest increase in BP among pill users was found in women aged 36-40. Duration of use of oral contraceptives did not affect findings.

Food intake control and RNA content of hypothalamic neurons in infant rats.

The influence of glycerol, glucose and lysine administration on the total RNA content in individual neurons of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) and lateral hypothalamus area (LHA) in infant male rats was studied. Sixty minutes after administration, the total RNA content of the VMH neurons significantly decreased--from 13th day after glycerol and from 17th day after the glucose and lysine administration. The total RNA content of LHA neurons significantly increased from 17th day after glycerol and glucose and on 25th day after lysine administration. The noted changes of the RNA content, and especially the changes of the RNA proportion in these hypothalamic regions are well corresponding with the onset of the hypophagic effect of glycerol, glucose and amino acids in infant rats. The oppositional changes of the RNA content of VMH and LHA neurons are in conformity with the different role of these hypothalamic centers in food intake control.

RNA content of neurons in the ventromedial nuclei and lateral hypothalamic area relative to feeding status.

The total RNA content of hypothalamic and cortex neurons in relation to the feeding status of adult male Wistar rats was studied. Experimental conditions including food deprivation (12 and 24 hours) and relative satiation (short-term refeeding, glucose or glycerol administration) changed in different ways the total RNA content of the neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei (VMH) and in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) with respect to fasting or satiety. Only the long-term absence of food (24 hours) significantly increased the total RNA content of the VMH cells, while the RNA content of the LHA neurons significantly decreased in both the 12 and 24 hr fasted rats compared with those fed ad lib. The sixty minute free access to food after 12 or 24 hours of fasting fully reversed these changes. The short-term food intake significantly increased the RNA content of the LHA cells of the 12 and 24 hr fasted animals while the total RNA content of the VMH neurons significantly decreased only in the 24 hr fasted rats. The effect of glucose and glycerol administration on the RNA content of the LHA neurons (in 12 hr fasted rats) was similar to the effect of refeeding. One hour after giving glucose (1 g/kg b.wt.) or glycerol (300 mg/kg b.wt.) the total RNA content in the LHA neurons significantly increased. No changes in RNA content were observed in the neurons of the cortex when comparing the experimental and control rats. The results demonstrated the close relationship between the RNA content of the hypothalamic neurons and the feeding status.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Importance of plasma cells in the infiltrate of renal allografts. An immunohistochemical study.

The cellular infiltration in 42 needle and wedge biopsies of transplanted kidneys was investigated immunohistochemically. The percentages of helper/inducer (CD 4+) cells, suppressor/cytotoxic cells (CD 8+), B lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells (Pc) and granulocytes were determined. The proportions of the various inflammatory cell populations were established in acute interstitial rejection (AIR), acute vascular rejection (AVR), chronic rejection (CR) and cyclosporin A nephrotoxicity (CsAN). The most prominent differences were detected as regards the Pc, whose number was much higher in CR than in AIR, AVR or CsAN. The striking difference between CR and CsAN in the number of Pc may be of differential diagnostic importance: the presence of many Pc in the biopsies can be regarded as a sign of CR. Over 80% of the Pc in CR contained IgG, whereas in chronic interstitial nephritis (CIN) the IgA-positive Pc predominated. In AIR, AVR and CsAN, too, the majority of the Pc contained IgG, but the numbers of IgM and IgA-positive cells were also relatively high. The great number of IgG-positive Pc indicates an important role of a secondary type humoral immune response in CR.

The effect of ring-substituted and quaternary chlorpromazine derivatives on the survival of the NK/Ly ascites tumor bearing mice.

The effect of quaternary chlorpromazines like-methiodide, allylammonium chloride, -octylammonium iodide, benzylammonium chloride, -phenacylammonium bromide, 9-phenanthryl-methylammonium bromide, trimethylene-bis-chlorpromazine-ammonium bromide and among the ring-substituted derivatives the 7-hydroxy-, 7,8-dihydroxy-, 7,8-dioxo-, 6,9-dihydroxy-, 6,9-dioxo-chlorpromazines and the chlorpromazine-5-oxide on the prolongation of survival time of NK/Ly ascites tumor bearing mice was studied. The intraperitoneally administered quaternary chlorpromazine derivatives in 10-25 mg/kg daily dose did not increase the life span of the animals, and did not prevent the development of the ascites tumor. However some ring system substituted chlorpromazines such as the 7,8-dioxo- and 6,9-dioxo-derivatives markedly increased the survival time of the tumor bearing mice and reduced the ascite volume in 10 mg/kg body weight dose.

Antitumor activity of flavonoids on NK/Ly ascites tumor cells.

Among the various flavonoids, rutin and quercetin increased the survival time of mice inoculated with NK/Ly ascites tumor cells. The best results were obtained when the mice were given 2.0 mg rutin twice daily for 8 days. The O-silyl-substituted rutin and quercetin were less effective than rutin or quercetin themselves. Besides rutin, quercetin and morin two other flavonoids, luteolin and pelargonidin also exerted growth inhibitory effects on NK/Ly ascites tumor cells cultures in vitro.

Interaction of protein- and DNA-loaded liposomes with sperm cells.

Liposomes were loaded with fluorescence-labelled serum albumin and their interaction with mouse spermatozoa was examined in a fluorescence microscope. In the presence of polyethylene glycol 1500, fluorescence became unevenly distributed along the entire body of mature spermatozoa, mostly in the form of aggregates, indicating adsorption of liposomes to the surface of the cells. The fluorescence could be largely removed by washing the cells. In the case of immature sperm cells, fluorescence was evenly distributed on the cells and was not removed by extensive washing, suggesting an internalization of the labelled albumin. A more direct evidence for the entrance of liposome-entrapped macromolecules into the immature sperm cells was provided by autoradiography: radioactivity was found in discrete spots in spermatocytes upon their incubation with liposomes containing isotopically labelled DNA.

Inhibiting effect of foetal renal antigen on leukocyte migration in human glomerulonephritis.

In 141 cases of glomerulonephritis confirmed by renal biopsy it was demonstrated that foetal glomerular basement membrane antigen caused a migration inhibition most frequently in minimal change glomerulonephritis. Cellular hypersensitivity was less common in membranous nephropathy, membranoproliferative (I-III) glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy and lupus nephritis. The correlation between LMT positivity and the occurrence of renal tissue IF activity was a linear one, but in one type, minimal change glomerulonephritis, there was no such correlation. The occurrence of LMT positivity does not show any considerable difference in glomerulonephritis with and without nephrosis.

[Gains in body composition and total fat content in mice after administration of aurothioglucose with a limited amount of animal feed]. / Prírastky hmotnosti a celkový obsah tuku u mysí po aplikácii aurothioglukózy pri obmedzenom mnozstve krmiva.

We investigated the effect of a single application of aurothioglucose on the weight and fat content of mice in the case of a limited feed quantity. In the experiment we used 41 mice -- females of the "H" strain, of which 14 served as controls and 27 were experimental mice to which we applied aurothioglucose in the dose of 1 mg g-1 of liveweight, i. p. We found that, under the conditions of feeding a limited quantity of feeds, there occurs in the animals that had been injected with aurothioglucose a statistically significant increase of the weight gains and of the total quantity of fat compared with the control animals.

[The effect of water depletion on renal excretion of urea and electrolytes in sheep]. / Vplyv vodnej deplécie na renálnu exkréciu mocoviny a elektrolytov u oviec.

Experiments were conducted with the sheep of Merino breed given water only at a rate corresponding to 0.5% of their live weight for three days. The animals were given feed ad libitum and during the control measurements water was also available to them ad lib. The fourth day the sheep were given no water and no feed and their renal functions were measured by the standard clearance technique. In the water-depleted sheep the diuresis was naturally reduced and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was also observed to have decreased from 77.6 +/- 5.3 to 62.2 +/- 4.2 ml X min-1, P less than 0.05. A small, though significant, decrease was also recorded in plasma urea concentration as a result of the reduced intake of food. The amount of excreted urea decreased by 41% (from 354.0 +/- 41.6 to 208.5 +/- 25.5 mumol X min-1, P less than 0.01) without significant changes in fractional excretion and tubular reabsorption of urea. After three days of water depletion the sheep exhibited a tendency of slight natriuresis whereas the excretion of potassium was reduced. Water depletion was also accompanied by a significant increase in the osmolality of plasma (from 298.0 +/- 1.3 to 317.0 +/- 1.8 mosmol X kg-1 H2O, P less than 0.001) and urine from 789.0 +/- 95.0 to 1547.0 +/- 53.0 mosmol X kg-1 H2O, P less than 0.001), without changes in the clearance of free water. On the other hand, the osmotic clearance was reduced as a result of suppressed excretion of urea and potassium (from 2.33 +/- 0.21 to 1.61 +/- 0.17 ml X min-1, P less than 0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)