Digital marketing of online food delivery services in a social media platform before and during COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the promotion of food and beverage and marketing strategies used by online food delivery services (OFDS) in a social media platform before and during the pandemic in Brazil. DESIGN: Publicly available data were extracted from OFDS Instagram accounts. Posts published 6 months immediately before and after the first case of COVID-19 in Brazil were randomly sampled. Two independent authors coded the posts' content. Food and beverage items featured in posts were classified according to the NOVA food system classification. Marketing strategies were coded according to protocols from previous studies. SETTING: Top three OFDS Instagram accounts in Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: Posts published in the period studied (n 304). RESULTS: During the pandemic, the proportion of posts featuring at least one food item decreased from 71·6 % to 40·2 %, and the proportion of ultra-processed foods decreased from 57·6 % to 27·9 %. Before the pandemic, the most widely used marketing strategies were branding elements (80·7 %), product imagery (unbranded) (48·9 %) and partnerships/sponsorship (35·2 %). While during the pandemic, branding elements (62·2 %) continued to be the most applied, but were followed by the use of videos/graphics interchange format/boomerangs (34·1 %) and corporate social responsibility (31·7 %). The most frequent COVID-19 marketing strategies were 'social responsibility in the pandemic' (30·5 %), 'combatting the pandemic' (28·0 %) and 'accelerating digitalisation' (20·7 %). CONCLUSIONS: OFDS advertisements on a social media platform placed less emphasis on food items, but improved the nutritional quality of foods and beverages featured in posts. A COVID-washing approach was highlighted, especially through the use of social responsibility marketing during the pandemic.

Scientific research on food environments in Brazil: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: To map the scientific research on food environments in Brazil, based on the following questions: How many studies have addressed food environments?; What study designs and methodological approaches were applied?; What is the geographic scope of the studies?; What scenarios and dimensions of food environments were studied?; Which population groups were studied?; How were food environments conceptualised?; What are the main limitations of the studies? DESIGN: Scoping review conducted in four databases, from January 2005 to December 2022, using different food environment-related terms to cover the main types and dimensions proposed in the literature. The studies were independently selected by two authors. A narrative synthesis was used to summarise the findings. SETTING: Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: 130 articles. RESULTS: Scientific research on Brazilian food environments has been increasing. The analytical quantitative approach and the cross-sectional design were the most frequently used. Most articles were published in English. The majority of studies evaluated the community food environment, addressed aspects of the physical dimension, sampled the adult population, had food consumption as an outcome, used primary data, and were carried out in capital cities in the Southeast region. Furthermore, in most articles, no conceptual model was explicitly adopted. CONCLUSIONS: Gaps in literature are related to the need for conducting studies in the Brazilian countryside, the support for the formulation of research questions based on conceptual models, the use of valid and reliable instruments to collect primary data, in addition to the need for a greater number of longitudinal, intervention and qualitative studies.

Food environment of bus terminals in the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan region.

PURPOSE: To describe and analyze the healthiness of formal and informal food establishments in bus terminals of the metropolitan region of the state of Rio de Janeiro. METHOD: An audit was conducted in 156 formal and 127 informal food establishments located in 14 bus terminals of the five most populous cities of the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro. Proportions of types of establishments and means (95%CI) of food availability indicators in formal and informal settings were calculated. For the formal setting, prices, proportions of accepted payment methods, days and hours of operation, and food categories with displayed advertising were described. RESULTS: The healthiness of food establishments in bus terminals was low (less than 36%). On average, ultra-processed food subgroups were 250% more available for purchase than fresh or minimally processed food. Purchasing food at these places was convenient because several forms of payment were available, and the opening hours of the establishments followed the peaks of movement. In addition, 73.3% of the advertising referred to ultra-processed drinks, and the cost-benefit of buying ultra-processed food was better than fresh or minimally processed food. CONCLUSION: The food environment of bus terminals in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro promotes unhealthy eating. Regulatory public policies should focus on initiatives to limit the wide availability and advertising of ultra-processed food in spaces of great circulation of people.

Food environment of bus terminals in the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan region / Ambiente alimentar de terminais rodoviários da região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro

ABSTRACT PURPOSE To describe and analyze the healthiness of formal and informal food establishments in bus terminals of the metropolitan region of the state of Rio de Janeiro. METHOD An audit was conducted in 156 formal and 127 informal food establishments located in 14 bus terminals of the five most populous cities of the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro. Proportions of types of establishments and means (95%CI) of food availability indicators in formal and informal settings were calculated. For the formal setting, prices, proportions of accepted payment methods, days and hours of operation, and food categories with displayed advertising were described. RESULTS The healthiness of food establishments in bus terminals was low (less than 36%). On average, ultra-processed food subgroups were 250% more available for purchase than fresh or minimally processed food. Purchasing food at these places was convenient because several forms of payment were available, and the opening hours of the establishments followed the peaks of movement. In addition, 73.3% of the advertising referred to ultra-processed drinks, and the cost-benefit of buying ultra-processed food was better than fresh or minimally processed food. CONCLUSION The food environment of bus terminals in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro promotes unhealthy eating. Regulatory public policies should focus on initiatives to limit the wide availability and advertising of ultra-processed food in spaces of great circulation of people.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Descrever e analisar a saudabilidade dos estabelecimentos com venda formal e informal de alimentos em terminais rodoviários da região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. MÉTODOS Realizou-se auditoria em 156 estabelecimentos formais e 127 pontos informais de venda de alimentos localizados em 14 terminais rodoviários das cinco cidades mais populosas da região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. Foram calculadas proporções de tipos de estabelecimentos e médias (IC95%) de indicadores de disponibilidade de alimentos nos ambientes formal e informal. Para o ambiente formal, foram descritos preços, proporções das formas de pagamento aceitas, dias e horários de funcionamento e categorias de alimentos com propaganda exposta. RESULTADOS A saudabilidade dos pontos de venda de alimentos nos terminais rodoviários era baixa (inferior a 36%). Em média, estavam disponíveis para compra 250% mais subgrupos de alimentos ultraprocessados do que in natura ou minimamente processados. Adquirir comida nesses locais era conveniente porque diversas formas de pagamento estavam disponíveis e os horários de funcionamento dos estabelecimentos acompanhavam os picos de movimentação. Além disso, 73,3% das propagandas se referiam a bebidas ultraprocessadas e o custo-benefício da compra de alimentos ultraprocessados era melhor que o de alimentos in natura ou minimamente processados. CONCLUSÃO O ambiente alimentar dos terminais rodoviários da região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro promove uma alimentação não saudável. Políticas públicas de regulação devem se concentrar em iniciativas que limitem a ampla disponibilidade e publicidade de alimentos ultraprocessados nesses espaços de grande circulação de pessoas.

Analysis of anthropometric indicators used in the nutritional assessment of active elderly in the city of Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil / Análise de indicadores antropométricos usados na avaliação nutricional de idosos ativos do município de Macaé, Rio de Janeiro

INTRODUCTION: Body composition changes related to aging alter the capacity of predicting risk through anthropometric parameters. OBJECTIVE: To discuss methodological aspects of anthropometry in active elderly based on associations between Body Mass Index (BMI) and other nutritional indicators. METHODS: Crosssectional study with active elderly from Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2014/2015). Nutritional status was described according to the BMI (Nutritional Screening Initiative, 1994). Linear regression analysis was performed: the outcome variable was BMI and the dependent ones were circumferences of waist, hip, neck, calf, arm and waist-tohip ratio (WHR). RESULTS: We assessed 173 people (55.5% female; median 71 years old). Calf and neck circumferences and WHR presented low R2 value. Among women, hip (R2=0.825) and waist circumferences (R2=0.729) individually explained much of the variation in BMI; and among men, waist (R2=0.759) and arm circumferences (R2=0.741) performed better. The cut-off points for waist circumference corresponding to the critical BMI value (27 kg/m2) were 87.9 and 96.8 cm, respectively for women and men. In multiple analysis, the association of waist, hip and arm circumferences with BMI remained significant. CONCLUSION: Circumferences traditionally used to assess adults had higher linear association with BMI than specific indicators for elderly people. The body composition of active elderly can be more similar to adults' than that of elderly with other profiles. The waist circumference cut-off points established for adults may not be suitable for elderly populations. We suggest testing the cut-off points obtained by this study on other groups of active elderly.

INTRODUÇÃO: Mudanças de composição corporal decorrentes do envelhecimento alteram a capacidade preditiva de risco dos parâmetros antropométricos. OBJETIVO: Discutir aspectos metodológicos da antropometria em idosos ativos, baseando-se nas associações do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) com outros indicadores nutricionais. MÉTODOS: Inquérito com idosos ativos de Macaé/RJ, Brazil (2014/2015). Descreveu-se o estado nutricional segundo o IMC (Nutritional Screening Initiative, 1994). Realizou-se análise de regressão linear tendo o IMC como variável resposta e, como dependentes, perímetros da cintura, quadril, pescoço, panturrilha, braço e razão cintura-quadril (RCQ). RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 173 idosos (55,5% do sexo feminino; mediana de 71 anos de idade). Os perímetros da panturrilha, pescoço e a RCQ apresentaram baixo coeficiente de determinação. Entre mulheres, perímetros do quadril (R2=0,825) e da cintura (R2=0,729) explicaram, individualmente, grande parte da variação do IMC; e entre homens, cintura (R2=0,759) e braço (R2=0,741). Os pontos de corte de perímetro da cintura correspondentes ao valor crítico de IMC (27 kg/m2) foram 87,9 e 96,8 cm, respectivamente para mulheres e homens. Na análise múltipla, a associação dos perímetros da cintura, quadril e braço com IMC permaneceu significativa. CONCLUSÃO: A composição corporal de idosos ativos, em comparação com idosos de outros perfis, pode ser mais semelhante à de adultos. Os pontos de corte de perímetro da cintura estabelecidos para adultos podem ser inadequados para idosos. Sugere-se testar os valores limite obtidos neste estudo em outros grupos de idosos ativos.

Monitoria acadêmica e formação profissional em saúde: uma revisão integrativa / Academic monitorship and professional training in health: an integrative review

A monitoria é uma estratégia que pode auxiliar na formação profissional em saúde, ao proporcionar um canal dialógico entre docentes e discentes e favorecer os processos de ensino-aprendizagem. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi revisar a literatura sobre monitoria e formação profissional em saúde no Brasil, identificando suas potencialidades e dificuldades. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa com busca sistemática de artigos publicados até abril de 2017 nas bibliotecas SciELO e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Foram recuperados 13 artigos, a maioria sobre monitoria em instituições públicas do Sul e Sudeste, sendo sete somente sobre Enfermagem ou Medicina. Identificou-se como potencialidades da monitoria: estreitamento de relações entre alunos, ampliação do aprendizado e da autonomia discente e aproximação do monitor à docência. As dificuldades foram: escassez de tempo para trabalho em equipe e baixa adesão dos alunos às atividades. Observou-se que a maioria dos estudos possui cunho descritivo e não enfatiza os aspectos teórico-pedagógicos relacionados. Ainda assim, o conjunto dos artigos sugere que a monitoria tem potencial de agregar ao aprendizado autonomia, criticidade e humanização, em consonância com os princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde. Conclui-se que o tema da monitoria encontra-se permeável para novos estudos e reflexões acerca do processo de ensino e aprendizagem voltado às especificidades das diferentes profissões da área de saúde. Seria pertinente discutir nas diversas instâncias acadêmicas os proveitos da monitoria a fim de incorporá-la ao currículo formal e favorecer a participação dos graduandos.

Academic monitorship is a strategy that can help in professional health training by providing a dialogic channel between professors and students and favor teaching-learning processes. Thus, the objective of this study was to review the literature about monitorship and professional health training in Brazil and to identify its potentialities and difficulties. This is an integrative review with a systematic search of articles published until April 2017. It was carried out at the electronic libraries Scielo and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Thirteen articles were found, most of them about monitorship in public universities in South and Southeast Brazil. Seven studies were about Nursing and Medicine courses only. Some identified potentialities were: decreased distances among the actors of monitorship, increasing of student learning and autonomy, and narrowing the monitor to teaching. Among the difficulties mentioned, there were: lack of time for joint work, and little participation of students in proposed activities. Most of the manuscripts were essentially descriptive, and did not emphasize the related theoretical and pedagogical aspects. Nevertheless, the set of articles suggests that monitorship can potentially add autonomy, criticality and humanization to student learning finetuned with social demands of health services. It is concluded that the theme academic monitorship is permeable for new studies and reflections about the teaching-learning processes focused on the specificities of the different health professions. It would be pertinent to discuss the educational benefits of monitorship in the various academic instances in order to incorporate it into the formal curriculum and then favor undergraduates' participation.

Avaliação da qualidade de fornecedores de uma Unidade de Alimentação e Nutrição hospitalar de Macaé - RJ / Evaluation of the quality of suppliers of a hospital food and nutrition unit of Macaé - RJ

O controle higiênicossanitário de uma unidade hospitalar merece atenção, pois atende a comensais enfermos e o desperdício devem ser monitorados, pois indicam mau planejamento. O objetivo foi comparar a qualidade de fornecedores de hortifrutícolas de unidade hospitalar em Macaé-RJ. As hortifrutícolas perdidas foram pesadas e o preço real para cada fornecedor (FA, FB e FC) foi calculado após desconto do descarte. A adequação sanitária foi avaliada com lista de verificação. O FA teve aproveitamento quase total, além do maior percentual de adequação. O FB entregou goiabas com apenas 78,5% de aproveitamento, possível reflexo da inadequação no item "Matérias-primas". Já o FC teve apresentou 72,4% de adequação sanitária. O FA foi o melhor nas análises quantitativa e qualitativa, o FB melhorou seu desempenho, enquanto a qualidade do FC decaiu.