RESUMO
cGAS/DncV-like nucleotidyltransferase (CD-NTase) enzymes are immune sensors that synthesize nucleotide second messengers and initiate antiviral responses in bacterial and animal cells. Here, we discover Enterobacter cloacae CD-NTase-associated protein 4 (Cap4) as a founding member of a diverse family of >2,000 bacterial receptors that respond to CD-NTase signals. Structures of Cap4 reveal a promiscuous DNA endonuclease domain activated through ligand-induced oligomerization. Oligonucleotide recognition occurs through an appended SAVED domain that is an unexpected fusion of two CRISPR-associated Rossman fold (CARF) subunits co-opted from type III CRISPR immunity. Like a lock and key, SAVED effectors exquisitely discriminate 2'-5'- and 3'-5'-linked bacterial cyclic oligonucleotide signals and enable specific recognition of at least 180 potential nucleotide second messenger species. Our results reveal SAVED CARF family proteins as major nucleotide second messenger receptors in CBASS and CRISPR immune defense and extend the importance of linkage specificity beyond mammalian cGAS-STING signaling.
Assuntos
Bactérias/virologia , Bacteriófagos/metabolismo , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , Imunidade , Oligonucleotídeos/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Proteínas de Bactérias/química , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Desoxirribonuclease I/metabolismo , Ligantes , Mutagênese/genética , Nucleotidiltransferases/metabolismo , Ligação Proteica , Sistemas do Segundo MensageiroRESUMO
Today, the number of doctors and health professionals who use social networks as main venues for com munication is increasing. Social networks offer new ways to connect and can facilitate almost instanta neous communication without geographical boundaries and can support students, doctors and health professionals. Social networks can allow women in the health field to obtain support that they would not otherwise have. This article describes the role of social networks in contributing to the empowerment of women in medicine and discusses the opportunities to use social networks as a tool for: access to mento ring and experienced counselors as role models; peer support and interaction; and access to information and continuing education.
Hoy en día la cantidad de médicos y profesionales de salud que utilizan las redes sociales como vehículos principales para la comunicación está en aumento. Las redes sociales ofrecen nuevas formas de conec tarse, facilitan la comunicación casi instantánea sin límites geográficos y sirven de apoyo a estudiantes, médicos y profesionales de salud. Las redes sociales pueden permitir que las mujeres en el campo de la salud obtengan apoyo que de otro modo no tendrían. Este artículo describe el rol de las redes sociales para contribuir al empoderamiento de las mujeres en medicina y discute las oportunidades de utilizar las redes sociales como herramienta para acceder a mentoría y consejeros experimentados como modelos a seguir; el apoyo e interacción entre pares; y el acceso a información y educación continua.
Assuntos
Empoderamento , Medicina , Rede Social , Feminino , HumanosRESUMO
RESUMEN Hoy en día la cantidad de médicos y profesionales de salud que utilizan las redes sociales como vehículos principales para la comunicación está en aumento. Las redes sociales ofrecen nuevas formas de conec tarse, facilitan la comunicación casi instantánea sin límites geográficos y sirven de apoyo a estudiantes, médicos y profesionales de salud. Las redes sociales pueden permitir que las mujeres en el campo de la salud obtengan apoyo que de otro modo no tendrían. Este artículo describe el rol de las redes sociales para contribuir al empoderamiento de las mujeres en medicina y discute las oportunidades de utilizar las redes sociales como herramienta para acceder a mentoría y consejeros experimentados como modelos a seguir; el apoyo e interacción entre pares; y el acceso a información y educación continua.
ABSTRACT Today, the number of doctors and health professionals who use social networks as main venues for com munication is increasing. Social networks offer new ways to connect and can facilitate almost instanta neous communication without geographical boundaries and can support students, doctors and health professionals. Social networks can allow women in the health field to obtain support that they would not otherwise have. This article describes the role of social networks in contributing to the empowerment of women in medicine and discusses the opportunities to use social networks as a tool for: access to mento ring and experienced counselors as role models; peer support and interaction; and access to information and continuing education.