[A contribution to the differential diagnosis of odnotogeneous cysts]. / Differentialdiagnostischer Beitrag zur Problematik der odnotogenen Zysten

Problems concernint the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of odontogenic cystic lesions of the jaw are discussed with reference to a series of patients and some specially selected cases. The use of isotope examination is often of particular significance in coming to a decision. The position and value of scintigraphy has been demonstrated by referring to the literature and to our own investigations. The often difficult differentiation from certain types of odontogenic tumours is also discussed.

[Sudeck's disease--MRT as a new diagnostic procedure]. / Morbus Sudeck--MRT als neues diagnostisches Verfahren.

In this prospective study, we determined the value of MR as an imaging technique in diagnosis and therapy with the option of simultaneous assessment of bone and soft tissue. 20 patients with clinical diagnosis of reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome (RSDS) and positive results in radiogram and three-phase radionuclide bone scanning were examined by MR, using T1- and T2-weighted images before and after Gadolinium-DTPA i.v. Soft tissue and bone signal intensity changes can be classified in our diagnostic-therapeutic scheme and proven by histopathological changes. The differentiation between clinical stages is possible and allows an evaluation of course and therapy. The higher costs are justified by shorter examination time without using radiation.

[Computer tomography: physico-technical basis, indications and clinical application (author's transl)]. / Zur Ganzkörper-Computertomographie (physikalisch-technische Grundlagen, Indikationen, klinische Anwendung).

The increasing use of whole body computerized tomography in daily radiological routine work has revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of several diseases. The clinical importance of computerized tomography (CT) is discussed on the basis of the first 1000 examined patients. While CT of the head is an already well-established method which surpasses all other diagnostic means as regards reliability and accuracy in the detection of space-occupying lesions, this cannot be stated for other parts of body. But CT already holds a leading position in the diagnostic work up of patients with space-occupying lesions both in the retroperitoneum including pancreas, kidneys and pelvic organs, and in the proof of nodular peripheral lung metastasis and tumours of the mediastinum. Surprisingly, CT shows osteoblastic and osteolytic bone metastasis earlier than any other method, including bone scintigraphy with radio-isotopes. These first results are very encouraging, although any statement about the importance of CT in clinical routine work and comparison with other methods, holds only for a short period of time. Changes in technology, improvement in diagnostic facilities permit no statement for good.

[Vesica fellea duplex (author's transl)]. / Vesica Fellea Duplex.

The article reports on two cases of duplex formation of the gallbladder observed by the author during the past ten years in the Central Institute of Radiodiagnostics of Vienna University. Among the numerous malformations or variants of the gallbladder and biliary tract, such duplex formation represents a relatively rare occurrence.

[Conventional roentgen diagnosis of the temporal bone. A historical review]. / Konventionelle Röntgendiagnostik des Schläfenbeins. Ein historischer Rückblick.

The Viennese Medical School played an important role in the development of radiological examinations and signs of the temporal bone with conventional X-rays. Famous pioneers include E.G. Mayer (1893-1969) and L. Psenner (1910-1986). Nowadays conventional X-rays and tomography have lost their important role in diagnostic radiology of the temporal bone, but the basic principles established in those early years of radiology are still used now. This statement is correct not only for conventional X-rays, but particularly for "poly"-tomography in comparison with CT.

[Contribution to x-ray diagnostics of tumors of the cerebellopontine angle (author's transl)]. / Beitrag zur Radiodiagnostik der Kleinhirnbrückenwinkeltumoren.

A scrutiny of the palette of possibilities in the radiological examination for the discovery and identification of neurinomas of the auditory nerve, shows that, apart from plain roentgenography, which continues to occupy the first rank after clinical examination, computer tomography represents the most important contribution towards identifying tumors of the cerebellopontine angle. For the identification of neurinomas (of the Brunner type) of the medial type this method of examination is the method of choice. We are not so confident with regard to the small lateral neurinomas which are situated within the auditory meatus. We consider that the discovery of these extremely small lateral neurinomas of the auditory nerve remains extremely difficult and is mainly left to positive cisternography. Probably, the discovery of these neurinomas remains one of the happy chances of early radiological diagnosis. Nevertheless, the knowledge acquired during the past few years must be considered an essential step forward in radiodiagnostics, and hence represents a great aid in the curative treatment of the patient.

[Radiological contribution to skeletal changes in systemic mastocytosis. Urticaria pigmentosa]. / Radiologischer Beitrag zu den Skelettveränderungen der "systemischen Mastozytose"--Urticaria pigmentosa.

Three patients are demonstrated suffering from systemic mastocytosis with skin and skeletal involvement. History, clinical and radiological results are reported. After a brief analysis of the pathogenetic mechanism, the radiological findings on the skeletal system in systemic mastocytosis are discussed. Finally, roentgenological differential diagnosis of the osseous lesions is explained.

[Digital dacryocystography]. / Die digitale Dakryozystographie.

The technique of conventional dacryocystography has recently been improved and extended by utilizing new technological developments. Digital dacryocystography, performed with computer-controlled X-ray equipment with a C-arc, and coupled to an image intensifier-TV system, enables the passage of the contrast medium to be observed, the image to be enlarged to any desired size, and also offers the advantages of digital subtraction angiography. A great deal of diagnostic information is thus obtained, making precise localization of stenoses of the lacrimal pathways possible. The method is especially useful for localizing stenoses of the lacrimal pathways, presaccal, intrasaccal and postsaccal stenoses which are difficult to demonstrate by conventional methods; and combined stenoses of the efferent lacrimal pathways. Exact localization is an essential prerequisite for choosing an appropriate surgical procedure.

[Radiodiagnosis of temporal bone anomalies]. / Radiodiagnostik bei Schläfenbein-Anomalien.

The X-ray findings in temporal bone anomalies are reviewed. Radiological procedure and examination technique are presented, as are symptoms of important anomalies. The methods available are plain film X-ray of temporal bone, multi-directional tomography, and high-resolution CT. Although some of the abnormalities are visible even in plain films, consistent use of conventional tomography or CT is necessary for correct diagnosis. This procedure is indicated not only when an abnormality is clinically obvious, but also in all cases of unexplained hearing loss without evidence of acquired disease. The advantage of CT over conventional tomography is that soft tissue anomalies, such as primary cholesteatoma or tumor simulating vascular abnormalities, can be demonstrated. In these cases CT is obligatory.

[Occult fractures of the skull]. / Maskierte Frakturen im Schädelbereich.

Fractures of the skull represent a problem in traumatologic X-ray-diagnosis. The higher rate of errors in the skull compared with the rest of the skeleton result from problems in differentiation of fracture-lines from vascular channels and impressions in overlying skeletal structures. By special examination of the suspected region (special X-ray-views, conventional tomography, CT, magnification views etc.) additional information can be obtained, e.g., exact demonstration of dislocated bone fragments or the detection of intracranial hematomas as well as the unmasking of the fracture lines and their dimensions. Very often these special procedures results are the basis for correct treatment. For various skull regions, where masked fractures often occur, recommended radiological pathways are presented in order to find these fractures and to obtain additional information.

[Computerized tomography in middle ear diagnosis--a comparison with conventional methods]. / CT in der Mittelohrdiagnostik--ein Vergleich mit konventionellen Methoden.

Due to important improvement in detail resolution and the excellent contrast resolution, in the newest computed tomography (CT) units, normal and pathologic structures of the inner and middle ear can be visualized. The clinical value of CT in comparison to standard X-rays and tomography is prospectively evaluated on the basis of 50 patient examinations. Today CT is unsurpassed in the diagnosis of cholesteatomas and glomus tumors and is superior to all other imaging techniques. Chronic inflammatory diseases of the middle ear can be evaluated in most cases on the basis of standard X-rays and tomography. CT's importance is primarily complementary, except for preoperative cases. Fractures should be visualized first on standard X-rays. If questionable complications are involved (e.g., tympanic or intracranial hematomas), CT should be the next step. Conventional tomograms are not necessary.