The Effect of Eucalyptus globulus Hydroalcoholic Extract on LH, FSH and Testosterone Concentrations and Sperm Morphology.

Scientists have been paying attention to the life-giving properties of medicinal plants for many years. Among these plants is the eucalyptus plant. This plant has various compounds such as cineole and terpenes. It also contains compounds such as flavonoids, aliphatic aldehydes, sesquiterpene, quinotanen, catechins, salts, and vitamins. In the present study, the hydroalcoholic extract of Eucalyptus leaves with concentrations of 175, 350, and 700 mg/kg body weight, and spermatogenesis were studied in 40 adult Wistar rats in five groups of eight. Adult male mice received the extract at the above concentrations by gavage for 28 days. Control mice received only solvent and water, while control mice received no substance other than municipal tap water and normal food. After the last administration of the drug, the animals were weighed and anesthetized, and then blood samples were taken from their hearts. Concentrations of LH, FSH, and testosterone were measured by an ELISA kit. The results showed that body weight and testis, seminiferous tube diameter, Leydig cell diameter, epithelium thickness, number of Leydig cells, spermatogonium, spermatocytes, spermatids, sperm, and testosterone concentration increased significantly with the group. But no significant difference was observed in the concentration of FSH and LH hormones or the number of Sertoli cells. Therefore, it can be concluded that eucalyptus leaf extract may increase the proliferation of sex cells in the seminiferous tubules of rats.

Metastases to breast - A 29 year experience in a tertiary care hospital.

Metastatic lesions to the breast are unusual. We present a series of 26 cases of metastatic tumors to breast from extra-mammary sites over a period of 29 years. There were 14 female and 12 male patients, and their ages ranged from 28 to 70 years. The tumor was in the upper outer quadrant in 16 patients. All 26 cases noticed a mass in the breast and more than half of the patients complained of discomfort and pain. The mammary symptoms were present for more than 4 months in all patients. Of the 26 cases, 13 cases had metastatic adenocarcinoma, 12 cases had metastatic squamous cell carcinoma and one case had poorly differentiated carcinoma. On mammography, 16 patients showed high density lesions and on ultrasonography lesions were hypoechoic. Prognosis is poor but appears slightly improved since more refined chemo and immunotherapeutic regimens were available. The clinical, pathologic, and radiographic features of this problem are described.