Femoral Anteversion Measured by the Surgical Transepicondylar Axis Is Correlated with the Tibial Tubercle-Roman Arch Distance in Patients with Lateral Patellar Dislocation.

Background and Objectives: Various predisposing factors for lateral patellar dislocation (LPD) have been identified, but the relation between femoral rotational deformity and the tibial tubercle-Roman arch (TT-RA) distance remains elusive. Materials and Methods: We conducted this study including 72 consecutive patients with unilateral LPD. Femoral anteversion was measured by the surgical transepicondylar axis (S-tAV), and the posterior condylar reference line (P-tAV), TT-RA distance, trochlear dysplasia, knee joint rotation, patellar height, and hip-knee-ankle angle were measured by CT images or by radiographs. The correlations among these parameters were analyzed, and the parameters were compared between patients with and without a pathological TT-RA distance. Binary regression analysis was performed, and receiver operating characteristic curves were obtained. Results: The TT-RA distance was correlated with S-tAV (r = 0.360, p = 0.002), but the correlation between P-tAV and the TT-RA distance was not significant. S-tAV had an AUC of 0.711 for predicting a pathological TT-RA, with a value of >18.6° indicating 54.8% sensitivity and 82.9% specificity. S-tAV revealed an OR of 1.13 (95% CI [1.04, 1.22], p = 0.003) with regard to the pathological TT-RA distance by an adjusted regression model. Conclusions: S-tAV was significantly correlated with the TT-RA distance, with a correlation coefficient of 0.360, and was identified as an independent risk factor for a pathological TT-RA distance. However, the TT-RA distance was found to be independent of P-tAV.

Transmission network and phylogenetic analysis reveal older male-centered transmission of CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC in Guangxi, China.

In China, the number of newly reported HIV infections in older people is increasing rapidly. However, clear information on the impact of older people on HIV transmission is limited. This study aims to reveal the local HIV transmission patterns, especially how older people affect virus transmission. Subtype analysis based on available pol sequences obtained from HIV patients revealed that CRF01_AE and CRF08_BC were predominant in patients aged <50 years, whereas CRF01_AE was predominant in older people aged ≥50 years (χ2 = 29.299, P < 0.001). A total of 25 patients (5.2%, 25/484) were identified with recent HIV infection (RHI). Transmission network analysis found 267 genetically linked individuals forming 55 clusters (2-63 individuals), including 5 large transmission clusters and 12 transmission clusters containing RHI. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis suggested that transmission events in CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC were centred on older males, while transmission events in CRF08_BC were centred on younger males. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that older people were more likely to cluster within networks (AOR = 2.303, 95% CI: 1.012-5.241) and that RHI was a significant factor associated with high linkage (AOR = 3.468, 95% CI: 1.315-9.146). This study provides molecular evidence that older males play a central role in the local transmission of CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC in Guangxi. Given the current widespread of CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC in Guangxi, there is a need to recommend HIV screening as part of free national medical examinations for older people to improve early detection, timely treatment, and further reduce second-generation transmission.

Salidroside promoted osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stromal cells through Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND: Bone disease causes short-term or long-term physical pain and disability. It is necessary to explore new drug for bone-related disease. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of Salidroside in promoting osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs). METHODS: ADSCs were isolated and treated with different dose of Salidroside. Cell count kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was performed to assess the cell viability of ADSCs. Then, ALP and ARS staining were conducted to assess the early and late osteogenic capacity of ADSCs, respectively. Then, differentially expressed genes were obtained by R software. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of the differentially expressed genes were further analyzed. The expression of OCN, COL1A1, RUNX2, WNT3A, and ß-catenin were measured by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. Last, ß-catenin was silenced by small interfering RNA. RESULTS: Salidroside significantly increased the ADSCs viability at a dose-response manner. Moreover, Salidroside enhanced osteogenic capacity of ADSCs, which are identified by enhanced ALP activity and calcium deposition. A total of 543 differentially expressed genes were identified between normal and Salidroside-treated ADSCs. Among these differentially expressed genes, 345 genes were upregulated and 198 genes were downregulated. Differentially expressed genes enriched in the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway. Western blot assay indicated that Salidroside enhanced the WNT3A and ß-catenin expression. Silencing ß-catenin partially reversed the promotion effects of Salidroside. PCR and Western blot results further confirmed these results. CONCLUSION: Salidroside promoted osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs through Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway.

[Epidemiological investigation on fascioliasis and its risk factors in population of Binchuan County, Yunnan Province].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the infection status of Fasciola and related risk factors in population of Binchuan County, Yunnan Province. METHODS: In February and March, 2014, 6 natural villages from 2 administrative villages in Zhoucheng Town were selected as investigated sites, and the permanent residents aged ≥ 5 years were examined by ELISA for the serum antibody detection, and then the positive ones were examined by Kato-Katz technique and the hatching method for Fasciola egg detection. Meanwhile, the fascioliasis cases that checked out by the above methods were further surveyed, and the residents who with the same gender, similar age and negative results in the blood examination were selected as the controls, then the risk factors were explored through a case control study. RESULTS: Totally 1 207 people were included in the blood examination, and 36 positives were found with a positive rate of 2.98%. Though the differences between the positive rates of the serum antibody in people with different genders and age were not statistically significant (χ2 = 1.686, 7.106, both P > 0.05) , those between the rates of people in different administrative villages and natural villages were statistically significant (χ2 = 4.103, 13.181, both P < 0.05). Two cases were determined as positives in fecal examinations with a positive rate of 6.45% (2/31), among which, 1 case was newly discovered. The case control study showed that OR values of eating out- purchased cold dish (4.30), raw mint (1.22) , raw leek (4.30) and drinking unboiled-water (3.75) were relatively higher, but all of them were not statistically significant (χ2 = 0.524, 0.046, 0.524, 1.571, all P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There is still sporadic Fasciola infection in Binchuan County. Eating raw vegetables and drinking unboiled water which are contaminated by Fasciola metacercariae may be the infection routes of local people, and to find out the exact entrance way is the key points for the infection control.