Prevalence and spatiotemporal distribution of rotavirus diarrhea among children younger than five years old in Lagos, Nigeria.

Data on spatiotemporal distribution of rotavirus diarrhea are limited in many endemic settings. This study determined the prevalence and seasonal distribution of rotavirus among Nigerian children with diarrhea. Here, a total of 406 fecal samples were collected from patients attending six health facilities in Lagos between January - December 2019. Socio-demographic data of each enrolled child were collected. Rotavirus VP6 antigen was detected by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and confirmation by VP7 gene detection by reverse transcription polymerase-chain reaction. The overall rotavirus diarrhea prevalence was 16.3% by ELISA with children above 2 years having 29.2% of this prevalence and higher occurrence in females (59.1%) than males (40.9%) (P < .05). Rotavirus diarrhea diagnosis using RT-PCR showed 100% concordance with ELISA. Cases of rotavirus diarrhea were detected from March to July and from September to November with the highest number of cases detected in May and June (22.7% each), followed by July (21.2%). The prevalence of rotavirus diarrhea remains high in Lagos with an emerging higher disease activity in children above 2. A different rotavirus transmission dynamics compared to previous studies from Nigeria and other African countries was found. VP6 ELISA may reliably be used for continuous rotavirus surveillance in Nigeria.

Pattern, challenges and correlates of condom use among Nigerians living with HIV infection.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the pattern, challenges and correlates of condom use among Nigerians living with HIV Infection. METHODS: A cross sectional questionnaire study among HIV positive adults attending an HIV treatment centre in Lagos, Nigeria. Data entry and analysis were done with Epi-info version 3.5.1. RESULTS: The mean age of respondents was 35 (SD=7.7; range: 17-58 years) and mean age at sexual debut was 20 years old (range: 7-37 years). Majority were women (66.6%), had at least secondary school education(91.1%), married (68.2%)), on ART (50.7%) and knew their partners HIV status(60.9%). The rate of condom use at last sex act was 65.9%, but only 48.8% used condom consistently. Factors associated with condom use were male gender (OR=2.43, CI=1.35-4.33, P=0.002), less than secondary school education (OR=3.12, CI=1.04-9.28, P=0.05) and Not knowing partner's HIV status (OR=1.90, CI=1.04-3.80, P=0.04). Refusal to use condom (28.4%) were as a result of pregnancy intention, undesirability of condom in marriage and decreased sexual pleasure. CONCLUSION: There is low consistent condom use rate of 48.8% among this cohort despite their exposure to behavioural change messages. A review of the present counselling strategy and combination prevention is therefore advocated.