Association of Sunlight Exposure with Sleep Hours in Iranian Children and Adolescents: The CASPIAN-V Study.

We aimed to assess the association of sunlight exposure with sleep duration and sleep onset time in children. Data were obtained from the fifth survey of a national school-based surveillance program in Iran. Sunlight exposure time, sleep duration, sleep onset time, physical activity time, mental health status and frequency of consuming coffee and tea were recorded. Overall, 14 274 students aged 7-18 years were recruited. Sleep duration was associated positively with sex, age, body mass index and physical activity, as well as with sunlight exposure and negatively with the consumption of coffee and tea. Higher physical activity, exposure to sunlight and mental status score in children exposed to sunlight via their face, hands, arms and feet, reduced the likelihood of sleep onset time after midnight (odds ratio (OR) = 0.909, 0.741 and 0.554 respectively). Daily exposure to sunlight may increase sleep duration and advance the sleep onset time in children and adolescents.

A suitable drug structure for interaction with SARS-CoV-2 main protease between boceprevir, masitinib and rupintrivir; a molecular dynamics study.

In recent years, more than 200 countries of the world have faced a health crisis due to the epidemiological disease of COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It had a huge impact on the world economy and the global health sector. Researchers are studying the design and discovery of drugs that can inhibit SARS-CoV-2. The main protease of SARS-CoV-2 is an attractive target for the study of antiviral drugs against coronavirus diseases. According to the docking results, binding energy for boceprevir, masitinib and rupintrivir with CMP are -10.80, -9.39, and -9.51 kcal/mol respectively. Also, for all investigated systems, van der Waals and electrostatic interactions are quite favorable for binding the drugs to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus main protease, indicating confirmation of the complex stability.

Factors Associated with Tendency for Weight Loss in a Representative Sample of Children and Adolescents: The CASPIAN-V Study.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to determine the factors affecting the tendency to lose weight (TLW) and its methods in Iranian children and adolescents. METHODS: In this cross-sectional nationwide study 14800 students, aged 7-18 years, living in 30 provinces of Iran were selected via multistage cluster random sampling method. The dietary and physical activity habits and TLW as well as psychosocial health status, anxiety, self-satisfaction, and change in dietary behaviors were assessed by the global school-based student health survey (WHO-GSHS) questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify factors influencing TLW. RESULTS: Overall, 14274 students (participation rate of 99%), consisting of 51% boys and 71.4% urban residents, completed the study. Of them, 37.7% (51.4% Girls and 48.6% boys) tended to lose weight. In multivariate model, the odds for TLW was 12% higher in students aged 13-18 years than those aged 6-12 years (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.23; P < 0.001). Students with high anxiety level were 43% more likely to have TLW (OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.28-1.59; P < 0.001). The odds of increasing physical activity for weight loss was 22% lower in obese than in normal weight students (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.66 to 0.93; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: TLW was significantly higher in girls, as well as in those with higher anxiety level. In addition to dietary change, increasing physical activity should be encouraged among children and adolescents with excess weight. Public education regarding proper lifestyle change for reaching healthy weight should be underscored.

Impact of dyslipidemia on estimated glomerular filtration rate in apparently healthy children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-V study.

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a leading risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Dyslipidemia is also known as risk factor for CVD development. However, the association of dyslipidemia with glomerular injury among healthy children and adolescents remains controversial. We aimed to investigate the relationship between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and lipid profile risk factors among healthy children and adolescents. METHODS: In this nationwide survey, 3808 participants (1992 males, 1816 females), aged 7-18 years, were selected by cluster random sampling method from 30 provinces in Iran. Body mass index (BMI) and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured. Blood samples were obtained for serum creatinine, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) determinations. GFR was estimated using Schwartz equation. RESULTS: Girls had higher eGFR than boys (P = 0.04). In a multiple regression analysis, eGFR demonstrated a positive correlation with systolic blood pressure, BMI, fasting glucose, TC, HDL-C, and TG. By the analysis of covariance, TC, HDL-C, and TG showed a negative correlation with eGFR after adjustments for BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and fasting glucose (OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.29-0.89). CONCLUSION: The study showed that dyslipidemia is associated with reduced eGFR among the healthy children and adolescents.

Localized surface plasmon resonance sensor for simultaneous kinetic determination of peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide.

A new sensor for simultaneous determination of peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide using silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) as a chromogenic reagent is introduced. The silver nanoparticles have the catalytic ability for the decomposition of peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide; then the decomposition of them induces the degradation of silver nanoparticles. Hence, a remarkable change in the localized surface plasmon resonance absorbance strength could be observed. Spectra-kinetic approach and artificial neural network was applied for the simultaneous determination of peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Linear calibration graphs were obtained in the concentration range of (8.20×10(-5) to 2.00×10(-3) mol L(-1)) for peroxyacetic acid and (2.00×10(-5) to 4.80×10(-3) mol L(-1)) for hydrogen peroxide. The analytical performance of this sensor has been evaluated for the detection of simultaneous determination of peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide in real samples.