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1.
J Hered ; 107(4): 327-35, 2016 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26995742

RESUMO

Studies on melanin-based color variation in a context of natural selection have provided a wealth of information on the link between phenotypic and genetic variation. Here, we evaluated associations between melanic plumage patterns and genetic polymorphism in the Réunion grey white-eye (Zosterops borbonicus), a species in which mutations on MC1R do not seem to play any role in explaining melanic variation. This species exhibits 5 plumage color variants that can be grouped into 3 color forms which occupy discrete geographic regions in the lowlands of Réunion, and a fourth high-elevation form which comprises 2 color morphs (grey and brown) and represents a true color polymorphism. We conducted a comprehensive survey of sequence variation in 96 individuals at a series of 7 candidate genes other than MC1R that have been previously shown to influence melanin-based color patterns in vertebrates, including genes that have rarely been studied in a wild bird species before: POMC, Agouti, TYR, TYRP1, DCT, Corin, and SLC24A5 Of these 7 genes, 2 (Corin and TYRP1) displayed an interesting shift in allele frequencies between lowland and highland forms and a departure from mutation-drift equilibrium consistent with balancing selection in the polymorphic highland form only. Sequence variation at Agouti, a gene frequently involved in melanin-based pigmentation patterning, was not associated with color forms or morphs. Thus, we suggest that functionally important changes in loci other than those classically studied are involved in the color polymorphism exhibited by the Réunion grey white-eye and possibly many other nonmodel species.


Assuntos
Aves/genética , Aves/metabolismo , Estudos de Associação Genética , Variação Genética , Melaninas/metabolismo , Pigmentação/genética , Alelos , Animais , Plumas , Frequência do Gene , Pigmentos Biológicos/genética , Pigmentos Biológicos/metabolismo , Seleção Genética
2.
Vet Res ; 45: 52, 2014 May 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24885529

RESUMO

The role of terrestrial vertebrates in the epidemiology of chikungunya disease is poorly understood. We evaluated their exposure and amplification role during the 2006 chikungunya outbreak in the Indian Ocean. Blood samples were collected from 18 mammalian and reptile species from Reunion Island, Mauritius and Mayotte. Among the 1051 samples serologically tested for chikungunya virus (CHIKV), two crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and two ship rats (Rattus rattus) proved to be exposed to CHIKV. CHIKV RNA was not detected in 791 analyzed sera. Our results confirm the preferential infection of simian primates and suggest that other vertebrates played a poor or no role in CHIKV transmission during the 2006 outbreak.


Assuntos
Infecções por Alphavirus/veterinária , Vírus Chikungunya/isolamento & purificação , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Macaca fascicularis , Doenças dos Macacos/epidemiologia , Ratos , Doenças dos Roedores/epidemiologia , Infecções por Alphavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Alphavirus/virologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Febre de Chikungunya , Comores/epidemiologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Maurício/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Macacos/virologia , Prevalência , RNA Viral/genética , Reunião/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Roedores/virologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos
3.
Mol Ecol ; 21(6): 1438-52, 2012 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22332752

RESUMO

Parasite communities on islands are assembled through multiple immigrations and/or in-situ diversification. In this study, we used a phylogenetic approach to investigate the role of such processes in shaping current patterns of diversity in Leucocytozoon, a group of haemosporidian blood parasites infecting whites eyes (Zosterops) endemic to the Mascarene archipelago (south-western Indian Ocean). We found that this parasite community arose through a combination of multiple immigrations and in-situ diversification, highlighting the importance of both processes in explaining island diversity. Specifically, two highly diverse parasite clades appear to have been present in the Mascarenes for most of their evolutionary history and have diversified within the archipelago, while another lineage apparently immigrated more recently, probably with human-introduced birds. Interestingly, the evolutionary histories of one clade of parasites and Indian Ocean Zosterops seem tightly associated with a significant signal for phylogenetic congruence, suggesting that host-parasite co-divergence may have occurred in this system.


Assuntos
Migração Animal , Sangue/parasitologia , Evolução Molecular , Haemosporida/fisiologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita , Passeriformes/parasitologia , Animais , Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , DNA de Protozoário/análise , DNA de Protozoário/isolamento & purificação , Ecossistema , Geografia , Haemosporida/classificação , Haemosporida/genética , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita/genética , Humanos , Oceano Índico , Passeriformes/classificação , Passeriformes/genética , Filogenia , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais/parasitologia , Análise de Sequência de DNA
4.
J Wildl Dis ; 45(3): 870-3, 2009 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19617503

RESUMO

Pteropus seychellensis comorensis is the only Pteropodidae bat species on the island of Mayotte (Comoros Archipelago), and most aspects of its biology are unknown. In order to catch this large bat, we used a simple and low-cost method, consisting of raised mist nets that were set close to foraging sites. Major factors driving catch success were high food availability, good positioning of mist nets, and careful observation of movement patterns to identify foraging sites where the chances of capture are high. Blood was collected from the alar and humeral veins, which appear to be more practical for this purpose than other parts of the venous system.


Assuntos
Coleta de Amostras Sanguíneas/veterinária , Quirópteros , Comportamento Alimentar , Animais , Coleta de Amostras Sanguíneas/instrumentação , Coleta de Amostras Sanguíneas/métodos , Quirópteros/sangue , Comores , Feminino , Masculino , Especificidade da Espécie
5.
J Pers Soc Psychol ; 82(1): 49-61, 2002 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11811633

RESUMO

Evidence for the self-serving bias (attributing success internally and failure externally) is inconsistent. Although internal success attributions are consistently found, researchers find both internal and external attributions for failure. The authors explain these disparate effects by considering the intersection of 2 systems, a system comparing self against standards and a causal attribution system. It was predicted that success and failure attributions are moderated by self-awareness and by the ability to improve. When self-focus is high (a) success is attributed internally. (b) failure is attributed internally when people can improve, (c) failure is attributed externally when people cannot improve, and (d) these attributions affect state self-esteem. Implications for the self-serving bias are discussed.


Assuntos
Motivação , Preconceito , Autoimagem , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Probabilidade , Distribuição Aleatória , Percepção Social
6.
Mol Ecol Resour ; 13(5): 899-907, 2013 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23855484

RESUMO

Here, we present an adaptation of restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) to the Illumina HiSeq2000 technology that we used to produce SNP markers in very large quantities at low cost per unit in the Réunion grey white-eye (Zosterops borbonicus), a nonmodel passerine bird species with no reference genome. We sequenced a set of six pools of 18-25 individuals using a single sequencing lane. This allowed us to build around 600 000 contigs, among which at least 386 000 could be mapped to the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) genome. This yielded more than 80 000 SNPs that could be mapped unambiguously and are evenly distributed across the genome. Thus, our approach provides a good illustration of the high potential of paired-end RAD sequencing of pooled DNA samples combined with comparative assembly to the zebra finch genome to build large contigs and characterize vast numbers of informative SNPs in nonmodel passerine bird species in a very efficient and cost-effective way.


Assuntos
Genoma , Passeriformes/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Animais , Mapeamento de Sequências Contíguas , Enzimas de Restrição do DNA/metabolismo , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala
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