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1.
IJTLD Open ; 1(10): 449-455, 2024 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39398432

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Chest X-ray (CXR) misinterpretation negatively affects the accuracy of childhood TB diagnosis. External quality assurance (EQA) could strengthen CXR reading skills. We assessed the uptake, performance and challenges of an EQA of CXR interpretation within the childhood TB-Speed decentralisation study in six resource-limited countries. METHODS: Every quarter, TB suggestive or unreadable CXRs and 10% of remaining CXRs from children with presumptive TB were selected for blind re-reading by national re-readers. The proportion of CXRs selected for EQA and re-read assessed the uptake. The performance was assessed by the proportion of discordant interpretations and the sensitivity and specificity of clinicians' vs re-readers' interpretations. Challenges were retrieved from country reports. RESULTS: Of 513 eligible CXRs, 309 (60.8%) were selected for EQA and 278/309 (90.0%) re-read. The proportion of discordant interpretation was between 13/48 (27%) in Sierra Leone and 7/13 (53.8%) in Cote d'Ivoire during the first EQA and decreased after the EQAs periods in 3/5 countries. Clinician sensitivity reached 100% in all countries over EQA. Specificity ranged between 13% in Sierra Leone and 65% in Cambodia (first EQA) and increased in 4/5 countries after the EQA periods. CXR transfer and re-readers' workload were the main challenges. CONCLUSION: EQA can enhance CXR interpretation for childhood TB diagnosis, provided operational challenges are overcome.


CONTEXTE: Les erreurs d'interprétation du radio thoracique (CXR, pour l'anglais « chest X-ray ¼) compromettent la précision du diagnostic de la TB chez les enfants. La mise en place d'une assurance qualité externe (EQA, pour l'anglais « external quality assurance ¼) pourrait améliorer les compétences en lecture des CXR. Nous avons examiné l'adoption, l'efficacité et les obstacles liés à une EQA pour l'interprétation des CXR dans le cadre de l'étude de décentralisation Child TB-Speed, menée dans six pays à ressources limitées. MÉTHODES: Chaque trimestre, les CXRs évocatrices de TB ou illisibles, ainsi que 10% des autres CXRs d'enfants atteints de TB présumés, ont été choisies pour une relecture en aveugle par des experts nationaux. La proportion de CXRs sélectionnées pour EQA et relues a permis d'analyser le taux de participation. La performance a été mesurée en fonction du nombre d'interprétations discordantes, ainsi que de la sensibilité et de la spécificité des interprétations des cliniciens comparées à celles des relecteurs. Les contestations ont été extraites des rapports nationaux. RÉSULTATS: Parmi les 513 CXR éligibles, 309 (60,8%) ont été retenus pour l'EQA, et 278 sur 309 (90,0%) ont été réévalués. La proportion d'interprétations discordantes variait de 13 sur 48 (27%) en Sierra Leone à 7 sur 13 (53,8%) en Côte d'Ivoire lors de la première EQA, et a diminué après les périodes d'EQA dans trois des cinq pays. La sensibilité des cliniciens a atteint 100% dans tous les pays durant l'EQA. La spécificité a fluctué entre 13% en Sierra Leone et 65% au Cambodge (première EQA), et a augmenté dans quatre des cinq pays après les périodes d'EQA. Le transfert des CXRs ainsi que la charge de travail des relecteurs ont représenté les principaux défis rencontrés. CONCLUSION: L'EQA a le potentiel d'optimiser l'analyse des CXRs pour le diagnostic de la TB chez l'enfant, sous réserve de surmonter les obstacles opérationnels.

2.
IJTLD Open ; 1(2): 76-82, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38966688

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Chest X-ray (CXR) interpretation is challenging for the diagnosis of paediatric TB. We assessed the performance of a three half-day CXR training module for healthcare workers (HCWs) at low healthcare levels in six high TB incidence countries. METHODS: Within the TB-Speed Decentralization Study, we developed a three half-day training course to identify normal CXR, CXR of good quality and identify six TB-suggestive features. We performed a pre-post training assessment on a pre-defined set of 20 CXR readings. We compared the proportion of correctly interpreted CXRs and the median reading score before and after the training using the McNemar test and a linear mixed model. RESULTS: Of 191 HCWs, 43 (23%) were physicians, 103 (54%) nurses, 18 (9.4%) radiology technicians and 12 (6.3%) other professionals. Of 2,840 CXRs with both assessment, respectively 1,843 (64.9%) and 2,277 (80.2%) were correctly interpreted during pre-training and post-training (P < 0.001). The median reading score improved significantly from 13/20 to 16/20 after the training, after adjusting by country, facility and profession (adjusted ß = 3.31, 95% CI 2.44-4.47). CONCLUSION: Despite some limitations of the course assessment that did not include abnormal non-TB suggestive CXR, study findings suggest that a short CXR training course could improve HCWs' interpretation skills in diagnosing paediatric TB.


CONTEXTE: L'interprétation de la radiographie thoracique (CXR) est un défi pour le diagnostic de la TB pédiatrique. Nous avons évalué la performance d'un module de formation de trois demi-journées sur la CXR destiné aux agents de santé (HCWs) dans six pays où l'incidence de la TB est élevée et où les ressources en services de santé sont limitées. MÉTHODES: Dans le cadre de l'étude de décentralisation TB-Speed, nous avons mis au point un cours de formation de trois demi-journées pour identifier une CXR normale, une CXR de bonne qualité et six caractéristiques suggestives de la TB. Nous avons effectué une évaluation avant et après la formation sur un ensemble prédéfini de 20 clichés radiologiques. Nous avons comparé la proportion de CXR correctement interprétées et le score médian de lecture avant et après la formation à l'aide du test de McNemar et d'un modèle linéaire mixte. RÉSULTATS: Sur les 191 HCWs, 43 (23%) étaient des médecins, 103 (54%) des infirmières, 18 (9,4%) des techniciens en radiologie et 12 (6,3%) d'autres professionnels. Sur 2 840 CXR avec les deux évaluations, respectivement 1 843 (64,9%) et 2 277 (80,2%) ont été correctement interprétées avant et après la formation (P < 0,001). Le score médian de lecture s'est amélioré de manière significative, passant de 13/20 à 16/20 après la formation, après ajustement par pays, établissement et profession (ß ajusté = 3,31; IC 95% 2,44­4,47). CONCLUSION: Malgré certaines limites de l'évaluation du cours qui n'incluait pas de CXR anormale non évocatrice de TB, les résultats de l'étude suggèrent qu'une formation courte sur la CXR pourrait améliorer les compétences d'interprétation des HCWs dans le diagnostic de la TB pédiatrique.

3.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis ; 13(6): 713-8, 2009 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19460246

RESUMO

SETTING: The current study evaluates one of four pilot sites initiated in Cambodia to establish feasible and effective ways to manage patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and tuberculosis (TB). OBJECTIVE: To measure the costs of intensified case finding (ICF) and isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) services for HIV-infected patients in Battambang Province, Cambodia. DESIGN: We analyzed cost data retrospectively from September 2003 to February 2006 using a microcosting or ingredients-based approach and interviewed clinic personnel to determine the cost of ICF and IPT per person. RESULTS: Adherence to IPT at Battambang IPT clinic was high (86%) relative to other reported studies of IPT among HIV patients in developing countries. The estimated cost per TB case averted through ICF was US$363, while the estimated cost per TB case averted through IPT was US$955. CONCLUSION: Economic evaluations of TB-HIV integrated services are necessary as countries move to establish or scale-up these services. Based upon the estimated effectiveness of ICF and IPT used by other studies examining the provision of integrated HIV-TB services, the cost per TB case prevented by ICF and IPT in Battambang, Cambodia, is less than the reported cost of treating a new smear-positive TB case.


Assuntos
Antituberculosos/economia , Infecções por HIV/economia , Isoniazida/economia , Serviços Preventivos de Saúde/economia , Tuberculose/economia , Tuberculose/prevenção & controle , Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Camboja/epidemiologia , Custos e Análise de Custo , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Humanos , Isoniazida/uso terapêutico , Seleção de Pacientes , Projetos Piloto , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde/economia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tuberculose/epidemiologia
4.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis ; 12(3 Suppl 1): 20-5, 2008 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18302818

RESUMO

SETTING: The National Tuberculosis Programme (NTP) in Cambodia, one of the countries most affected by tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Asia. OBJECTIVE: To conduct national HIV prevalence surveillance among TB patients, to estimate HIV prevalence among TB patients and to determine the potential of the NTP as a source for antiretroviral treatment (ART) scale-up. DESIGN: Anonymous unlinked cross-sectional seroprevalence surveys including all TB patients registered by the NTP in January 2003 and January 2005. RESULTS: HIV prevalence among all TB patients fell from 11.8% in 2003 to 9.9% in 2005 (P < 0.05). In 2003 and 2005, respectively 265 and 261 TB patients were identified as HIV-positive in a given month. Among new smear-positive pulmonary TB patients, the prevalence dropped from 8.2% to 5.2% (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The two periodic surveys demonstrated a high prevalence of HIV among TB patients in Cambodia. However, the declining incidence of HIV from the late 1990s might now be reflected in the HIV prevalence among new smear-positive TB patients. The NTP is a potential source of ART if HIV counselling and testing are made more widely available to TB patients.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Programas Nacionais de Saúde/organização & administração , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Camboja/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Coleta de Dados , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Soropositividade para HIV/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Tuberculose/complicações
5.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis ; 11(12): 1321-7, 2007 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18034953

RESUMO

SETTING: Cambodia has a high incidence of tuberculosis (TB). Hospital-based DOTS was predominant throughout the country from 1994 to 2002. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of resistance to four major anti-tuberculosis drugs, isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RMP), ethambutol (EMB) and streptomycin (SM), among new cases as a baseline before a new National Tuberculosis Programme strategy with decentralised ambulatory DOTS was widely implemented. DESIGN: A cluster sampling of TB diagnostic centres with probability proportional to the number of new cases in a diagnostic centre in 1999 was used. Intake of cases took place from October 2000 to April 2001. RESULTS: From 734 isolates collected, drug susceptibility test results were obtained for 638 new cases. The prevalence of resistance to any of four drugs was 10.1% (95%CI 7.7-13). Resistance to INH was 6.1% (95%CI 4.3-8.4) and resistance to RMP 0.6% (95%CI 0.2-1.6). No multidrug-resistant (MDR) case was found among the new cases (95%CI 0.0-0.6). Three of 96 previously treated cases had MDR (3.1%, 95%CI 1.0-9.0). CONCLUSION: The first survey indicates that the current prevalence of MDR is low. It is necessary to track resistance trends when restructuring a DOTS-based programme.


Assuntos
Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Camboja/epidemiologia , Terapia Diretamente Observada , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/tratamento farmacológico
6.
Public Health Action ; 6(2): 129-35, 2016 Jun 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27358807

RESUMO

SETTING: National Tuberculosis (TB) Program sites in northwest Cambodia. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of Xpert(®) MTB/RIF at point of care (POC) as compared to non-POC sites on the diagnostic evaluation of people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) with TB symptoms and patients with possible multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB. DESIGN: Observational cohort of patients undergoing routine diagnostic evaluation for TB following the rollout of Xpert. RESULTS: Between October 2011 and June 2013, 431 of 822 (52%) PLHIV with TB symptoms and 240/493 (49%) patients with possible MDR-TB underwent Xpert. Xpert was more likely to be performed when available as POC. A smaller proportion of PLHIV at POC sites were diagnosed with TB than at non-POC sites; however, at POC sites, a higher proportion of those diagnosed with TB were bacteriologically positive. There was poor agreement between Xpert and other tests such as smear microscopy and culture. Overall, the evaluation of patients with possible MDR-TB increased following Xpert rollout, yet for patients confirmed as having drug resistance on drug susceptibility testing, only 46% had rifampin resistance that would be identified with Xpert. CONCLUSION: Although utilization of Xpert was low, it may have contributed to an increase in evaluations for possible MDR-TB and a decline in empiric treatment for PLHIV when available as POC.


Contexte : Sites du Programme National contre la Tuberculose (TB) dans le nord-ouest du Cambodge.Objectif : Evaluer l'impact du Xpert® MTB/RIF dans des sites où il est réalisé sur place (POC) comparés aux autres sites sur le diagnostic des personnes vivant avec le VIH (PVVIH) et ayant des symptômes de TB ainsi que des patients présumées de TB multirésistante (MDR).Schéma : Cohorte d'observation de patients bénéficiant d'une évaluation diagnostique de routine pour la TB après le lancement de l'Xpert.Résultats : Entre octobre 2011 et juin 2013, 431/822 (52%) PVVIH ayant des symptômes de TB et 240/493 (49%) patients avec suspicion de TB-MDR ont eu un test Xpert. L'Xpert a été réalisé plus souvent lorsqu'il était disponible en POC. Une plus faible proportion de PVVIH a eu un diagnostic de TB dans les sites POC que dans les sites non-POC ; cependant, dans les sites POC, une proportion plus élevée des patients ayant eu un diagnostic de TB a eu une bactériologie positive. L'accord entre l'Xpert et les autres tests (par exemple la microscopie de frottis ou la culture) a été médiocre. Dans l'ensemble, l'évaluation des patients présumées de TB-MDR a augmenté après le lancement de l'Xpert, mais parmi les patients ayant eu une pharmacorésistance confirmée par test de pharmacosensibilité, seulement 46% ont eu une résistance à la rifampicine qui aurait été identifiée par Xpert.Conclusion : Même si l'utilisation de l'Xpert a été faible, l'Xpert pourrait avoir contribué à une augmentation de l'évaluation des suspicions de TB-MDR et à un déclin du traitement empirique des PVVIH quand il est disponible sur place.


Marco de referencia: Los centros del Programa Nacional contra la Tuberculosis en el noroeste de Camboya.Objetivo: Evaluar la repercusión de la práctica de la prueba Xpert® MTB/RIF en el lugar de la consulta, en comparación con la realización de la prueba en otro centro, sobre la evaluación diagnóstica de las personas aquejadas de infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (PVVIH) que presentan síntomas de tuberculosis (TB) y de los pacientes con presunción de TB multidrogorresistente (TB-MDR).Método: Fue este un estudio observacional de cohortes de pacientes en curso de evaluación diagnóstica corriente de la TB, después de la introducción de la prueba Xpert.Resultados: De octubre del 2011 a junio del 2013 se practicó la prueba Xpert a 431 de los 822 PVVIH que presentaban síntomas de TB (52%) y a 240 de los 493 pacientes con presunción de TB-MDR (49%). La probabilidad de realizar la prueba Xpert fue mayor cuando esta se podía practicar en el lugar de la consulta. La proporción de PVVIH en quienes se diagnosticó TB en los centros que practicaban localmente la prueba Xpert fue menor que en los demás centros; sin embargo, en los centros que contaban con la prueba fue más alta la proporción de casos de TB confirmados bacteriológicamente. Se observó una baja concordancia entre los resultados de la prueba Xpert y las otras pruebas (la baciloscopia y el cultivo). En general, tras el despliegue de la prueba molecular se investigó un mayor número de pacientes con presunción de TB-MDR; sin embargo, de los pacientes en quienes se confirmó la farmacorresistencia mediante pruebas de sensibilidad solo un 46% presentaba resistencia a rifampicina, que podía detectar la prueba Xpert.Conclusión: Si bien la utilización de la prueba Xpert fue muy limitada, su disponibilidad contribuyó a la investigación de más casos con presunción de TB-MDR y a una disminución del tratamiento empírico de las PPVIH, cuando la prueba Xpert se practicaba en el lugar de la consulta.

7.
Public Health Action ; 4(4): 216-21, 2014 Dec 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26400699

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To describe the implementation and utilization of the Xpert (®) MTB/RIF (Xpert) assay to diagnose tuberculosis (TB) among people living with the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS, PLHA) in Cambodia. DESIGN: Following the rollout of Xpert, an evaluation was conducted in four provinces of Cambodia from March to December 2012 to determine the utilization, performance, and turnaround time (TAT) of Xpert among PLHA. Data were collected from paper-based patient registers. RESULTS: Of 497 PLHA with a positive TB symptom screen, 357 (72%) were tested with smear microscopy, and 250 (50%) with Xpert; 25 (10%) PLHA tested with Xpert were positive for TB and none were rifampicin-resistant. The utilization of Xpert increased from 23% to 75%, with a median TAT of 1 day. Across districts, utilization ranged from zero to 85%, while the TAT ranged from zero to 22 days. CONCLUSION: While early data show increasing utilization of Xpert for PLHA with a positive symptom screen, most patients underwent smear microscopy as an initial diagnostic test. Training delays and challenges associated with specimen referral may have contributed to variability in Xpert uptake and TAT, particularly for sites without onsite Xpert testing. Enhanced programmatic support, particularly for specimen referral and results reporting, may facilitate appropriate utilization.


Objectif : Décrire la mise en œuvre et l'utilisation du test Xpert(R) MTB/RIF afin de diagnostiquer la tuberculose (TB) parmi des personnes vivant avec le VIH/SIDA (virus de l'mmunodéficience humaine/syndrome de l'immunodéficience acquise ; PLHA) au Cambodge.Schéma : Après le déploiement du test Xpert, une évaluation a été réalisée dans quatre provinces du Cambodge entre mars et décembre 2012 afin de déterminer l'utilisation, la performance et le délai d'exécution du Xpert parmi les PLHA. Des données ont été recueillies à partir des dossiers papiers des patients.Résultats : Sur 497 PLHA ayant une grille de symptômes de TB positive, 357 (72%) ont bénéficié d'une microscopie de frottis et 250 (50%) ont eu un test Xpert ; 25 (10%) PLHA testés par Xpert étaient positifs pour la TB et aucun n'était résistant à la rifampicine. L'utilisation du Xpert est passée de 23% à 75% avec un délai d'exécution médian d'un jour. Dans les districts, l'utilisation allait de zéro à 85% et le délai de mise en œuvre allait de zéro à 22 jours.Conclusion : Si les données précoces montrent une utilisation croissante du Xpert chez les PLHA avec une grille de symptômes positive, la majorité des patients bénéficiait initialement d'un diagnostic par examen microscopique de frottis. Les délais de formation et les problèmes posés par l'envoi des spécimens peuvent avoir contribué à la variabilité du recours au Xpert et au délai de sa mise en œuvre, particulièrement dans les endroits dépourvus de possibilité de test Xpert sur place. Davantage de soutien aux programmes, notamment en termes d'envoi des spécimens et de retour des résultats, pourrait faciliter son utilisation appropriée.


Objetivo: Describir la introducción y la utilización de la prueba Xpert(R) MTB/RIF en el diagnóstico de la tuberculosis (TB) de las personas aquejadas de infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y sida (PLHA) en Camboya.Método: Tras el despliegue de Xpert, se llevó a cabo una evaluación en cuatro provincias de Camboya de marzo a diciembre del 2012 con el fin de determinar el tipo de utilización, el rendimiento diagnóstico y el tiempo de obtención de los resultados de la prueba Xpert en las PLHA. Se recogieron los datos de los pacientes a partir de los registros en soporte de papel.Resultados: De los 497 PLHA y una detección positiva de síntomas de la TB, en 357 casos se practicó una baciloscopia (72%) y en 250 la Xpert (50%); 25 de las personas examinadas con Xpert obtuvieron un resultado positivo (10%) y en ninguna se observó resistencia a rifampicina. La utilización de la prueba aumentó de 23% a 75% y la mediana del lapso hasta obtener el resultado fue un día. En los diferentes distritos, el uso de la prueba osciló entre 0% y 85% y el lapso hasta la notificación del resultado fue de cero a 22 días.Conclusión: Los datos iniciales indicaron un aumento de la utilización de la prueba Xpert en las PLHA que presentan una detección positiva de síntomas de la TB, pero en la mayoría de los pacientes se practicó la baciloscopia del esputo como prueba diagnóstica inicial. Es posible que los retrasos en la capacitación y las dificultades relacionadas con la remisión de las muestras hayan contribuido a la variabilidad en la aceptación de la Xpert y en el tiempo de obtención de los resultados, sobre todo en los centros donde no se practica la prueba en el lugar de atención. Se podría fomentar el uso apropiado de esta prueba mediante un apoyo programático, dirigido especialmente a la remisión de las muestras y la notificación de los resultados.

8.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis ; 16(8): 1086-91, 2012 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22687275

RESUMO

SETTING: Since 2005, private pharmacies linked to the National Tuberculosis Programme (NTP) and the Municipal Health Department in Phnom Penh have referred tuberculosis (TB) symptomatic patients to public sector TB clinics. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the attitudes and practices of pharmacy-initiated referral service providers in Phnom Penh from 2005 to 2010. METHODS: In a qualitative study, participants were purposively selected from the register of pharmacy owners providing referral services. Discussions were conducted in Khmer by trained facilitators. Participants discussed topics relating to their experiences and participation in the referral programme. RESULTS: In January 2011, 54 pharmacy owners participated in six focus group discussions held in Phnom Penh. Interpreted data showed consistency of message across all topics. The emergent themes-altruism, pragmatism and professionalism-underpinned owner commitment to programme goals. Issues associated with patient counselling, fear of infection and quality of care in public sector clinics were of concern to participants. Owners believed ongoing professional support, improved public sector patient care and media campaigns would strengthen their role. CONCLUSION: Pharmacy outlets provide further options for NTPs engaging with private sector providers. Recognising private provider needs and aspirations may be an essential component of public/private mix programmes to meet public health goals.


Assuntos
Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Serviços Comunitários de Farmácia , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Percepção , Farmacêuticos/psicologia , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Tuberculose/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Altruísmo , Camboja/epidemiologia , Feminino , Grupos Focais , Pesquisas sobre Atenção à Saúde , Pesquisa sobre Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Programas Nacionais de Saúde , Setor Privado , Papel Profissional , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Setor Público , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Sistema de Registros , Fatores de Tempo , Tuberculose/diagnóstico , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
9.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis ; 15(11): 1535-9, i, 2011 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22008769

RESUMO

SETTING: Phnom Penh, Cambodia. OBJECTIVES: 1) To monitor the number of tuberculosis (TB) patients undergoing human immunodeficiency (HIV) testing during TB treatment and trends of referral of TB-HIV patients to HIV services following the appointment of TB-HIV coordinators in TB wards, and 2) to investigate factors that influence undesirable TB treatment outcomes. DESIGN: Retrospective descriptive study based on a review of patient records and interviews with programme staff. RESULTS: Eighty-six per cent of newly registered TB patients underwent HIV testing. Most of the TB-HIV patients were referred to HIV services. Using logistic regression analysis, the risk of an undesirable treatment outcome in extra-pulmonary TB was significantly lower than in smear-positive pulmonary TB. Interviews revealed that patients in poor clinical condition at the start of TB treatment or who faced social problems, such as homelessness or foreign nationality, were at considerable risk for undesirable TB treatment outcomes. CONCLUSION: The appointment of TB-HIV coordinators to TB wards resulted in better HIV testing uptake and referral to HIV care and treatment services. To save TB-HIV patients' lives, it is important to continue this kind of study over a longer term to monitor these activities and to identify high-risk patients.


Assuntos
Coinfecção/diagnóstico , Prestação Integrada de Cuidados de Saúde , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Tuberculose/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Camboja/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Coinfecção/tratamento farmacológico , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Comportamento Cooperativo , Aconselhamento , Prestação Integrada de Cuidados de Saúde/organização & administração , Prestação Integrada de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/organização & administração , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Objetivos Organizacionais , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente/organização & administração , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Encaminhamento e Consulta/organização & administração , Encaminhamento e Consulta/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Tuberculose/tratamento farmacológico , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
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