[Thrombus in all four heart chambers in a 67-year-old female patient with pulmonary artery embolism and open foramen ovale]. / Thrombus in allen vier Herzkammern bei einer 67-jährigen Patientin mit Lungenarterienembolie und offenem Foramen ovale.

A 67-year-old woman presented to the emergency department due to acute dyspnea. Computed tomography of the chest showed a pronounced bilateral pulmonary artery embolism. Echocardiography demonstrated a large floating thrombus in the right atrium and right ventricle, which extended through a persistent foramen ovale via the left atrium into the left ventricle. A thrombectomy was later successfully performed.

Mode of origin of large extracellular photovoltages from the retinal rods of the frog.

Arrays of extracellular microelectrodes were advanced into the receptor layer of isolated frog retinae to measure interstitial voltage and resistance. In addition, current was locally injected through one of the micro-electrodes and spatial profiles of local resistance were recorded. A large increase of local resistance in the proximal half of the receptor layer was frequently associated with the occurrence of large extracellular voltages arising from rods. The large responses presumably occur at sites where the micropipette tip makes tight contact with membrane process of the rod inner segment and a quasi-intracellular mode of recording results.

Automatic evaluation of nucleic acid sequencing gel autoradiographs.

An algorithm for automatic evaluation of nucleic acid sequencing gel antoradiographs is described which is simple and fast, with a low level error rate.

[Questionnaire for recording interpersonal value judgments in group psychotherapy]. / Fragebogen zur Erfassung der interpersonellen Wertschätzung in der Gruppenpsychotherapie.

Interpersonal estimation is a factor that is of importance to both the patient-therapeut relationship and the climate prevailing within the psychotherapy group. This contribution describes a questionnaire which permits interpersonal estimations in group psychotherapy to be expressed numerically. It enables identification of differences between the estimations given by different patients and also the patient's reception of other patient's estimations of himself. The questionnaire is used for weekly measurements of changes in connection with the diagnostic work accompanying group psychotherapy for neurotic maldevelopments.

Quantitative densitometry from the point of view of information theory.

The process of quantitative densitometry is analyzed with methods developed in information theory. It is shown that the steps involved in densitometry, e.g. gel staining, mechanical, optical and electronic processing, as well as all the steps of data processing, can be viewed as communication channels. The factors affecting both the relevant and irrelevant part of the total information passed through these channels are discussed in the consistent frame provided by information theory. This view leads to a unifying context for analyzing the performance of quantitative densitometers.

[Documentation and control of the change process in group psychotherapy]. / Zur Abbildung und Kontrolle des Veränderungsprozesses in der Gruppenpsychotherapie.

The practicabilites of applying methods for the representation and control of defined process data from a pragmatic aspect are described, and the significance of some methods to interpret a relevant therapeutic situation as well as to reveal the result obtained in therapy is specified. The actual possibilities to mathematicise the individual process characteristics apply to the definitions of three phases of therapy and permit to determining certain constellations in terms of being beneficial to or an obstacle for therapy. From this follow the relatively objective elements for supervision, in particular the qualification of group trainers within a uniform model of therapy and settings.

Improved staining of proteins in polyacrylamide gels including isoelectric focusing gels with clear background at nanogram sensitivity using Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 and R-250.

An improved procedure for staining of proteins following separation in polyacrylamide gels is described which utilizes the colloidal properties of Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 and R-250. The new method is based on addition of 20% v/v methanol and higher concentrations of ammonium sulfate to the staining solution previously described. The method combines the advantage of much shorter staining time with high sensitivity, a clear background not requiring destaining, stepwise staining, and stable fixation after staining. The method has been applied to staining of polyacrylamide gels after sodium dodecyl sulfate-electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing in carrier ampholyte-generated pH gradients.

Essential problems in quantification of proteins following colloidal staining with coomassie brilliant blue dyes in polyacrylamide gels, and their solution.

Quantitative determination of stained proteins following polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) is of increasing interest especially since computer-aided densitometers have become available as well as recipes for sensitive and background-free staining with Coomassie Brilliant Blue dyes. However, avoidance of separation artifacts is not the only essential prerequisite for quantitative evaluation. The local particle density of a protein in a given gel is of critical importance since it determines its stainability. Depending on local protein concentration, the dye binding to the same amount of a given protein differs considerably. Since the stainability of proteins using colloidal staining procedures, as with Coomassie Brilliant Blue dyes, is time-dependent and, in addition, also dependent on the pore size of a given polyacrylamide gel used for PAGE, calibration curves for quantitative determinations have to be prepared in polyacrylamide gels of the same composition as used for PAGE. Staining conditions also have to be identical for calibration gels and gels under analysis. If, however, a set of calibration curves is prepared for different staining times, it is possible to calculate a generalized calibration curve, allowing for quantitative evaluation with flexible staining time. Furthermore, and in consequence of the implications due to particle density, quantitative determination via densitometry is only possible by determining the protein amount of each single measuring point (pixel) via its absorbance on the basis of a calibration curve. Since the particle density is inherent in a calibration curve, the final summation of the protein amount per pixel will give values close to reality.

Fibrin monomer complexes (SFMC) after substitution of antithrombin III (AT III) in consumption coagulopathy.

The report refers to substitution therapy of 33 patients who suffered consumption coagulopathy. Various blood coagulation and fibrinolytic variables were measured. After successful AT III donation to patients suffering DIC, soluble fibrin monomer complexes (SFMC) disappeared within 0.5-12 hours. If AT III decreases SFMC proves positive again. In addition to analysis of AT III we recommend to analyse SFMC to detect thrombin induced consumption reaction (DIC). Furthermore we found the fibrin split product D-dimer was a particularly sensitive indicator of DIC in case of hyperfibrinolysis (D-dimer was analysed in six patients). The reactions of fibronectin and SFMC proved inversely proportional.