RESUMO
Deoxycholate amphotericin B (d-AMB) has a higher rate of acute kidney injury (AKI) in comparison of lipid formulations. However, lipid amphotericin B has high costs in developing countries. The aim of this study is to assemble a model of cost-minimization of amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC) in patients with cryptococcal meningitis. This is a retrospective study done in a cohort of patients with cryptococcal meningitis to study the economic impact of its use in developing countries. Cost analysis were based on direct cost of different antifungal therapies, chronic dialysis after discharge, and survival of patients based on a retrospective cohort of 102 patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus with confirmed diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis. From 102 patients treated with d-AMB, 60.78% developed any grade of AKI and 10.78% developed AKI demanding hemodialysis. The percentage of patients with meningeal cryptococcosis treated with d-AMB that requeired chronic HD was 2.39%. The same model was performed for patient that would be treated with ABLC, which resulted in 0.20% of patients demanding chronic HD due to its lower nephrotoxicity. When the model is applied in 100 patients, the total costs with d-AMB would be US$ 184,543 and with ABLC would be US$ 1,640,109 in 5 years. Treatment with ABLC would be cost saving in comparison to d-AMB treatment, if early switch of treatment occurred in patients presenting AKI. The change should be as soon as possible to avoid further complication, like dialysis, which is associated with a lower life expectancy.
Assuntos
Injúria Renal Aguda/induzido quimicamente , Anfotericina B/economia , Antifúngicos/economia , Ácido Desoxicólico/economia , Infecções por HIV/microbiologia , Meningite Criptocócica/tratamento farmacológico , Injúria Renal Aguda/microbiologia , Anfotericina B/efeitos adversos , Antifúngicos/efeitos adversos , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Custos e Análise de Custo , Ácido Desoxicólico/efeitos adversos , Combinação de Medicamentos , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Humanos , Diálise Renal , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Background: Posaconazole is used for the prophylaxis of invasive fungal disease (IFD). Previous studies have shown it to be cost-effective compared to fluconazole/itraconazole. However, posaconazole has never been economically evaluated in developing countries. Aims: The aim of the present study was to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis of posaconazole compared to fluconazole in public (SUS) and private hospitals (PHS) in Brazil. Methods: A cost-effectiveness simulation was conducted on the basis of a pivotal study on the use of posaconazole in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, adjusting the costs to Brazilian data. Results: A pharmacoeconomic analysis was performed on a hypothetical sample of 100 patients in each drug group. The total cost of posaconazole use alone was USD$ 220,656.31, whereas that for fluconazole was USD$ 83,875.00. Our results showed that patients with IFD remain hospitalized for an additional 12 days, at an average cost of USD$ 850.85 per patient per day. The total money spent by PHS for 100 patients for 100 days was USD$ 342,318.00 for the posaconazole group and USD$ 302,039.00 for the fluconazole group. An analysis of sensitivity (10%) revealed no intergroup difference. Conclusions: In Brazil posaconazole is cost-effective, and should be considered for the prophylaxis of patients with AMD/myelodysplasia (AML/MDS) undergoing chemotherapy
Antecedentes: El posaconazol se utiliza para la profilaxis de la enfermedad fúngica invasora (EFI). Algunos estudios han demostrado su rentabilidad en comparación con el fluconazol o el itraconazol. Sin embargo, el posaconazol nunca se había evaluado económicamente en el contexto de los países en vías de desarrollo. Objetivos: El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar un análisis de rentabilidad del posaconazol en comparación con el fluconazol en hospitales públicos (SUS) y hospitales privados (PHS) de Brasil. Métodos: Se realizó una simulación de rentabilidad basada en un estudio fundamental para el uso de posaconazol en pacientes con leucemia mieloide aguda (LMA) que adaptaba los costes a los datos brasileños. Resultados: Se realizó un análisis farmacoeconómico de 100 pacientes con cada grupo tratado. El gasto total de 100 días para los antifúngicos evaluados fue 220.656,31 $ para el posaconazol y de 83.875,00 $ para el fluconazol. Los pacientes con EFI permanecen en el hospital una media de 12 días más a un coste medio de 850,85 $ por día y paciente. El gasto total en PHS de 100 pacientes fue 342.318,00 $ para el grupo del posaconazol y 302.039,00 $ para el del fluconazol. No hubo diferencias entre los grupos al realizar un análisis de sensibilidad al 10%. Conclusiones: En Brasil, el posaconazol es rentable y debe tenerse en cuenta al elegir la profilaxis ideal para pacientes con LMA tratados con quimioterapia