Reliability of lower leg muscle thickness measurement along the long axis of the muscle using ultrasound imaging, in a sitting position.

[Purpose] To verify the reliability and validity of lower leg muscle thickness (MT) assessment along the muscle's long axis using ultrasound imaging (USI) in a sitting position. [Participants and Methods] Twenty healthy adult female participants (aged, 20.3 ± 0.9 years) were included in the study. Intra- and inter-examiner reliability of the proximal, middle, and distal MT of the tibialis anterior (TA) and medial head of the gastrocnemius (GM) were verified using USI in a sitting position. Additionally, the relationship between MT measurement using USI and muscle cross-sectional area (MCSA) measurement using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as the ankle joint's maximum muscle strength, were examined. [Results] The reliability of TA and GM MT measurement using USI was high for all regions. The relationship between MCSA measurement using MRI and MT measurement using USI showed a significant correlation in all the regions for both muscles. The relationship between ankle muscle strength and USI of MT was not significantly correlated in any region for both muscles. [Conclusion] Measurement of MT using USI is reliable and valid for MCSA, but must be combined with assessments of other factors for muscle strength.

Examining Movement Patterns, Skeletal Muscle Mass, and Hip Mobility in Office Workers With or Without Lower Back Pain: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between Functional Movement Screen (FMS), skeletal muscle mass, and hip mobility in office workers with or without chronic lower back pain (LBP), as well as to determine whether the above items differed between office workers with or without chronic LBP. METHODS: This study utilized an analytic cross-sectional design. The participants were 35 office workers (14 in the LBP group and 21 in the non-lower back pain group, or NLBP) who were willing to cooperate with the request for cooperation in this study. Movement patterns were assessed by FMS and skeletal muscle mass was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Hip mobility was measured by prone hip extension (PHE) and straight leg raising. The correlations between each item and differences in the presence or absence of LBP were analyzed. RESULTS: The LBP and NLBP groups showed different correlations (p<0.05) between total and subcategory scores and skeletal muscle mass. Total FMS score (p=0.02, r=-0.40) and PHE angle (p=0.01, r=0.43) were significantly higher in the LBP group than in the NLBP group. CONCLUSIONS: The FMS shows different relationships between total and subcategory scores and skeletal muscle mass for office workers with or without LBP. In addition, office workers with LBP may have different movement patterns and greater hip extension range of motion than those without LBP.

Effects of 6 weeks of whole-body vibration training on ankle motor control: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Interventions on ankle motor control are important to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. Training using whole-body vibration may easily and effectively improve ankle motor control, but the effects have not been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the effects of 6 weeks of training with whole-body vibration on ankle motor control in a dynamic movement task among healthy participants. METHODS: Twenty healthy university students (6 males and 14 females) were randomly allocated to whole-body vibration training and control groups, with 10 participants in each group. The training was performed twice a week for 6 weeks in both groups. Primary outcome was mean ankle angular jerk cost in the star excursion balance test. Secondary outcomes were maximum ankle motion angle and maximum reach distance in the star excursion balance test, ankle proprioception, and range of ankle dorsiflexion motion in the loaded position. RESULTS: There was a significant group × period (pre- and postintervention) interaction for mean ankle angular jerk cost in the direction of ankle abduction/adduction during posterolateral reaching, which was significantly lower at postintervention than that at preintervention in the whole-body vibration group In the whole-body vibration group, the maximum ankle dorsiflexion motion angle during anterior and posterolateral reaching was significantly higher at postintervention than that at preintervention. CONCLUSIONS: Training with whole-body vibration improves ankle motor control in dynamic movement tasks, although the direction of reach and plane of motion are limited. Additionally, training with whole-body vibration is also effective in increasing the ankle dorsiflexion angle during dynamic movement tasks.

Relationship between ankle-joint angle during dynamic balance task and ankle-joint proprioception in chronic ankle-instability individuals.

BACKGROUND: Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a major condition in athletes. It is known that both ankle joint proprioception and joint motion control are important for the improvement of CAI, but the relationship between the two has not been clarified. The purpose of this study was to compare ankle-joint angle in dynamic balance tasks and ankle-joint proprioception in healthy and CAI individuals and to verify the relationship between ankle-joint angle in dynamic balance tasks and ankle-joint proprioception in individuals with CAI. METHODS: The participants were 27 females (age 20.3±0.9 years, healthy group: 15, CAI group: 12). The star excursion balance test (SEBT) was used for the dynamic balance task, and the ankle joint angles were measured with a small accelerometer during the movement. The error of the active joint repositioning test (AJRT) was measured to test the proprioception. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the error in AJRT between the groups, but the joint angle in SEBT was significantly lower in the CAI group than in the healthy group for ankle dorsiflexion only. The error in AJRT of ankle inversion was correlated with the ankle inversion/eversion angle of the SEBT, and the error in AJRT of ankle plantar flexion was correlated with the ankle-dorsiflexion angle of the SEBT. CONCLUSIONS: CAI individuals showed no difference in ankle-joint proprioception compared to healthy individuals, but their ankle-joint-dorsiflexion angle in the dynamic balance task was smaller. Ankle-joint proprioception in CAI individuals was related to the ankle-joint angle in the dynamic balance task.