Endovascular treatment of a symptomatic vertebral artery pseudoaneurysm.

A 35-year-old patient was brought to the emergency department referring dysarthria, left ear tinnitus for 5 min, and short-lasting blindness, with headache in the 45 min before the clinical presentation. In the magnetic resonance imaging, an acute-subacute lesion in the cerebellum right-anterior lobe (in the territory of the cerebellum anterior artery) and a dilatation near the ostium of the right vertebral artery were seen. For a better assessment, an Angio-CT was done, showing a 9-mm saccular pseudoaneurysm of the right vertebral artery close to the origin of the vessel, without being able to determine if it had been caused because of a dissection. The rest of the study (cerebral vessels and supra-aortic vessels) showed no disorders. He was operated under local anesthesia and sedation a week after the onset of the symptoms. Through a 0.014 wire, a Biotronik PK Papyrus balloon-expandable covered cobalt-chromium stent was deployed covering the hole in the artery. Antiplatelet drugs were prescribed, and the patient was discharged 24 hr after surgery. He has remained symptom free since then.

Endovascular Treatment of Complex Carotid-Jugular Fistula.

Inadvertent complications of jugular vein catheterization are not uncommon, however, a persistent symptomatic carotid-jugular fistula has been rarely reported. A 72-year-old male with infected surgical wound after coxofemoral disarticulation for sarcoma presented with symptoms of acute right heart failure. A fistula between the right common carotid artery (CCA) and the internal jugular vein was demonstrated on Doppler ultrasound and confirmed on computed tomography angiogram. Catheterization of the right CCA seemed not possible using a conventional femoral approach due to the tortuosity and elongation of the brachiocephalic artery. A small incision in the right temporal area was used to access the superficial temporal artery and a wire was advanced retrograde into the aorta where it was snared from below, allowing for successful treatment of the fistula with a covered stent. This alternative technique may facilitate safe and stable carotid artery stenting even in patients with a severely tortuous access route due to atherosclerotic disease.

Atypical Vascular Involvement in a Case of Behçet's Disease.

Introduction. Behçet's disease (BD) is a form of vasculitis of unknown etiology which is rare in our environment. It is characterized by a variety of clinical manifestations and usually affects young adults. Recurrent oral and genital ulcers are a characteristic and extremely frequent symptom, but mortality is linked with more significant symptoms such as aortic pseudoaneurysm, pulmonary pseudoaneurysm, and cerebral venous thrombosis. Patient and Method. We present a case of a young male with atypical BD and severe polyvascular involvement (previous cerebral venous thrombosis and current peripheral venous thrombosis, acute ischemia, and peripheral arterial pseudoaneurysm) who required urgent surgical intervention due to a symptomatic external iliac pseudoaneurysm. Result. The pseudoaneurysm was successfully treated, we performed an iliofemoral bypass, and we treated it with steroids and immunosuppressive therapy. Conclusions. These rare clinical manifestations highlight the importance of considering BD in young patients, even in usual cases of vascular intervention, whether arterial or venous in nature.

Dolor abdominal crónico recurrente, a consecuencia del síndrome del ligamento arcuato medio / Chronic recurrent abdominal pain as a result of arcuate ligament syndrome

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Sensibilidad, especificidad y fiabilidad de la ecografía Doppler arterial en el diagnóstico de la isquemia crítica de los miembros inferiores con relación a la arteriografía / The sensitivity, specificity and reliability of arterial Doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of critical ischaemia of the lower limbs compared to arteriography

Introducción. La arteriografía sigue considerándose como el patrón estándar en el diagnóstico de la isquemia crítica. Sin embargo, puede ocasionar daños arteriales locorregionales, así como cuadros alérgicos y nefrotoxicidad; además, no valora hemodinámicamente las lesiones. La ecografía Doppler arterial (EDA) ha demostrado validez y fiabilidad en miembros inferiores y troncos supraaórticos, pero es necesaria una validación individual y del laboratorio, por ser una técnica dependiente del explorador. Objetivo. Analizar y validar la EDA como prueba diagnóstica en pacientes con isquemia crítica, en comparación con la arteriografía. Pacientes y métodos. Diseño transversal y aleatorio, con EDA aplicada de forma ciega e independiente con respecto a la arteriografía, en una muestra de 60 pacientes con isquemia crítica de miembros inferiores en estudio preoperatorio. La fiabilidad se determina mediante el porcentaje de acuerdo global e índice kappa. La validez se determina por la sensibilidad, especificidad, valores pronósticos positivos (VPP) y razón de probabilidad diagnóstica (RPD). Resultados. Tiempo medio de exploración por extremidad: 39 min. Índices kappa buenos o muy buenos en todos los sectores, salvo en la arteria peronea (moderada). Alta sensibilidad en territorios proximales. Especificidad por encima del 90%, excepto en la arteria peronea (88%). VPP siempre superior al 90%. Altos valores de RPD. Conclusión. La EDA, a tenor de los resultados obtenidos en nuestro laboratorio, es una prueba diagnóstica muy útil como alternativa a la arteriografía, ya que su fiabilidad es buena o muy buena y su validez, en términos de sensibilidad, especificidad, VPP y RPD, es muy alta. No obstante, en el sector distal, con especial atención sobre la arteria peronea, resulta necesaria en todo caso otra prueba de imagen antes de sentar una indicación quirúrgica

Introduction. Arteriography is still considered to be the gold standard in the diagnosis of critical ischaemia. Nevertheless, it can cause locoregional arterial damage, as well as allergic reactions and nephrotoxicity, and it does not evaluate the lesions haemodynamically. Arterial Doppler ultrasonography (ADU) has proved to be valid and reliable in the lower limbs and supra-aortic trunks but, because it is an examiner-dependent technique, individual and laboratory validation of findings is required. Aim. To analyse and validate ADU as a diagnostic test in patients with critical ischaemia, as compared to arteriography. Patients and methods. A cross-sectional random design, with ADU applied blind and independently with respect to arteriography conducted in a sample of 60 patients with critical lower limb ischemia undergoing their preoperative study. Reliability is determined by means of the percentage of overall agreement and the kappa index. Validity is determined by the sensitivity, specificity, predictive positive value (PPV) and diagnostic likelihood ratio (DLR). Results. Mean examination time per limb: 39 min. Good or very good kappa indexes in all sectors, except in the fibular artery (moderate). Highly sensitive in proximal territories. Specificity above 90%, except in the fibular artery (88%). PPV always above 90%. High DLR values. Conclusions. In the light of the results obtained in our laboratory, ADU can be considered to be a diagnostic test that is very useful as an alternative to arteriography, since its reliability is good or very good and its validity, in terms of sensitivity, specificity, PPV and DLR, is very high. Yet, in the distal sector, with special attention to the fibular artery, another imaging test must always be carried out before setting an indication for surgery