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1.
BMC Public Health ; 22(1): 43, 2022 01 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34991527

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The relationship between inadequate sleep duration and hypertension risk has been established in the general population, but there is a gap in the literature on predictors of habitual sleep duration in adults with hypertension. This study examined factors associated with habitual sleep duration among adults with hypertension in the United States (US). METHODS: Data of 5660 adults with hypertension were obtained by combining the 2015-2018 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Survey weighted multinomial logistic regression models were fit to examine factors associated with short (< 7 h) and long (> 9 h) sleep duration with adequate sleep duration (7-9 h) as the reference. RESULTS: The prevalence of self-reported adequate sleep duration was 65.7%, while short sleep duration was 23.6%, and long sleep duration 10.7%. Short sleep duration (compared to adequate sleep duration) was positively associated with history of seeking help for sleeping difficulties (relative risk ratio [RRR], 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.53), Non-Hispanic Black race/ethnicity (RRR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.61-2.67), working ≥45 h/week (RRR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.32-2.48), and negatively associated with older age ≥ 65 years (RRR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.45-0.91) and female gender (RRR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.56-0.88). Long sleep duration was positively associated with female gender (RRR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.001-1.54), chronic kidney disease (RRR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.14-1.92), moderate depressive symptoms (RRR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.08-2.44), moderately severe to severe depressive symptoms (RRR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.05-3.43), being in retirement (RRR, 3.46; 95% CI, 2.18-5.49), and not working due to health reasons (RRR, 4.87; 95% CI, 2.89-8.22) or other reasons (RRR, 3.29; 95% CI, 1.84-5.88). CONCLUSION: This population-based study identified factors independently associated with habitual sleep duration in adults with hypertension. These included help-seeking for sleeping difficulty, gender, age, chronic kidney disease, depressive symptoms, race/ethnicity, and employment status. These findings can help in the development of tailored approaches for promoting adequate sleep duration in adults with hypertension.


Assuntos
Hipertensão , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Sono , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/epidemiologia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia
2.
Depress Anxiety ; 35(7): 674-684, 2018 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29782058

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: African Americans (AAs) with major depressive disorder (MDD) experience more impairment and poorer treatment outcomes relative to Whites, yet are underrepresented in family studies of MDD. This is the first study to investigate the familial aggregation of major depression among AAs. METHODS: Participants' reports of depression from clinical and family history (FH) interviews were used to examine depression rates among 435 first-degree relatives and half-siblings of 63 depressed cases and 222 relatives of 33 nondepressed controls. Binary logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios (ORs) for FH of MDD and level of trauma exposure (high and low) in cases versus controls. Poisson regression models with generalized estimating equations were used to assess MDD in relatives of cases versus relatives of controls. RESULTS: Cases and controls did not differ in either FH of MDD (OR = 1.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.5-2.9), or prevalence of MDD in relatives (relative risk [RR] = 1.5, 95% CI = 0.8-2.5). However, exposure to high trauma was associated with increased risk of MDD (OR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.22-7.17) and the combined effect of FH and trauma was greater than expected under an additive model. Similarly, the RR for MDD among relatives of cases with high-trauma levels was 2.2 (1.24-4.2), compared to relatives of controls with low trauma. CONCLUSION: The effect of FH of MDD appears to be exacerbated among individuals exposed to high trauma. Replication and further research on the chronology and subtypes of trauma and MDD, and their interactions, remain essential in AA populations.


Assuntos
Negro ou Afro-Americano/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/epidemiologia , Família , Trauma Psicológico/epidemiologia , Adulto , Negro ou Afro-Americano/genética , Negro ou Afro-Americano/psicologia , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/genética , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Anamnese , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Prevalência , Trauma Psicológico/psicologia , Análise de Regressão , Estados Unidos
3.
Am J Epidemiol ; 180(3): 251-3, 2014 Aug 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24875372

RESUMO

In this issue of the American Journal of Epidemiology, McFadden et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2014;180(3):245-250) report findings on the relationship between light exposure at night and obesity from a cross-sectional study of United Kingdom women. Their research extends findings from a previous study with elderly participants by including a larger sample size of over 100,000 women and a broader age range of 16 years or older. The findings are consistent with animal studies showing that prolonged light exposure leads to weight gain. Humans' circadian, circannual, and metabolic regulatory systems evolved to be adaptive in environments that were quite different from those faced in modern industrial society. Technology has allowed exposures to levels and timing of light, nutrient intake, and physical activity never before possible. This commentary discusses how nighttime light exposure can increase the risk of obesity and the metabolic syndrome by disrupting circadian and circannual rhythms.


Assuntos
Luz , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Fotoperíodo , Feminino , Humanos
4.
Biol Psychiatry ; 94(2): 164-173, 2023 07 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36958998

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Patients with schizophrenia show reduced NMDA glutamate receptor-dependent auditory plasticity, which is rate limiting for auditory cognitive remediation (AudRem). We evaluate the utility of behavioral and neurophysiological pharmacodynamic target engagement biomarkers, using a d-serine+AudRem combination. METHODS: Forty-five participants with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were randomized to 3 once-weekly AudRem visits + double-blind d-serine (80, 100, or 120 mg/kg) or placebo in 3 dose cohorts of 12 d-serine and 3 placebo-treated participants each. In AudRem, participants indicated which paired tone was higher in pitch. The primary outcome was plasticity improvement, operationalized as change in pitch threshold between AudRem tones [(test tone Hz - reference tone Hz)/reference tone Hz] between the initial plateau pitch threshold (mean of trials 20-30 of treatment visit 1) to pitch threshold at the end of visit(s). Target engagement was assessed by electroencephalography outcomes, including mismatch negativity (pitch primary). RESULTS: There was a significant overall treatment effect for plasticity improvement (p = .014). Plasticity improvement was largest within the 80 and 100 mg/kg groups (p < .001, d > 0.67), while 120 mg/kg and placebo-treated participants showed nonsignificant within-group changes. Plasticity improvement was seen after a single treatment and was sustained on subsequent treatments. Target engagement was demonstrated by significantly larger mismatch negativity (p = .049, d = 1.0) for the 100 mg/kg dose versus placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate sufficient proof of principle for continued development of both the d-serine+AudRem combination and our target engagement methodology. The ultimate utility is dependent on the results of an ongoing larger, longer study of the combination for clinically relevant outcomes.


Assuntos
Antipsicóticos , Esquizofrenia , Humanos , Esquizofrenia/tratamento farmacológico , Serina , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato , N-Metilaspartato/farmacologia , N-Metilaspartato/uso terapêutico , Agonistas de Aminoácidos Excitatórios/farmacologia , Agonistas de Aminoácidos Excitatórios/uso terapêutico , Ácido Glutâmico/farmacologia , Método Duplo-Cego , Plasticidade Neuronal , Antipsicóticos/uso terapêutico
5.
Integr Blood Press Control ; 15: 53-66, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35642173

RESUMO

Purpose: This study examined the relationship between habitual sleep duration and blood pressure (BP) control in adults with hypertension. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data of 5163 adults with hypertension obtained from the 2015-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the association between habitual sleep duration and BP control. Habitual sleep duration was self-reported and defined as the amount of sleep usually obtained in a night or main sleep period during weekdays or workdays. It was categorized as <6, 6 - <7, 7-9, and >9 hours. BP control was defined as average systolic BP <130mmHg and diastolic BP <80mmHg. Results: Results from the fully adjusted models show that among all adults with hypertension, habitual sleep duration of <6 hours night/main sleep period was associated with reduced odds of BP control (OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0ss.37-0.76, P = 0.001) when compared to 7-9 hours. In the subpopulation of adults who were on antihypertensive medication, those with a sleep duration of <6 hours had lower odds of BP control than those with a sleep duration of 7-9 hours (OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.36-0.77, P = 0.002). No significant differences were noted in all adults with hypertension and in the subpopulation of those on antihypertensive medication in BP control between the reference sleep duration group (7-9 hours) and the 6 - <7 or >9 hours groups. There were no significant differences across age groups or gender in the relationship between habitual sleep duration and BP control. Conclusion: Sleep duration of <6 hours is associated with reduced odds of hypertension control. These significant findings indicate that interventions to support adequate habitual sleep duration may be a promising addition to the current hypertension management guidelines.

6.
Sleep ; 33(1): 97-106, 2010 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20120626

RESUMO

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationships between parental set bedtimes, sleep duration, and depression as a quasi-experiment to explore the potentially bidirectional relationship between short sleep duration and depression. Short sleep duration has been shown to precede depression, but this could be explained as a prodromal symptom of depression. Depression in an adolescent can affect his/her chosen bedtime, but it is less likely to affect a parent's chosen set bedtime which can establish a relatively stable upper limit that can directly affect sleep duration. DESIGN: Multivariate cross-sectional analyses of the ADD Health using logistic regression. SETTING: United States nationally representative, school-based, probability-based sample in 1994-96. PARTICIPANTS: Adolescents (n = 15,659) in grades 7 to 12. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Adolescents with parental set bedtimes of midnight or later were 24% more likely to suffer from depression (OR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.04-1.49) and 20% more likely to have suicidal ideation (1.20, 1.01-1.41) than adolescents with parental set bedtimes of 10:00 PM or earlier, after controlling for covariates. Consistent with sleep duration and perception of getting enough sleep acting as mediators, the inclusion of these variables in the multivariate models appreciably attenuated the associations for depression (1.07, 0.88-1.30) and suicidal ideation (1.09, 0.92-1.29). CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study provide new evidence to strengthen the argument that short sleep duration could play a role in the etiology of depression. Earlier parental set bedtimes could therefore be protective against adolescent depression and suicidal ideation by lengthening sleep duration.


Assuntos
Ritmo Circadiano , Depressão/prevenção & controle , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Privação do Sono/prevenção & controle , Tentativa de Suicídio/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Comorbidade , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/psicologia , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Análise Multivariada , Valores de Referência , Fatores de Risco , Privação do Sono/epidemiologia , Privação do Sono/psicologia , Tentativa de Suicídio/psicologia , Estados Unidos , Adulto Jovem
7.
Sleep ; 33(7): 956-61, 2010 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20614855

RESUMO

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To explore the relationship between sleep duration in adolescence and hypercholesterolemia in young adulthood. Experimental sleep restriction has been shown to significantly increase total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels in women. Short sleep duration has been found in cross sectional studies to be associated with higher total cholesterol and lower HDL cholesterol levels. Sleep deprivation could increase the risk for hypercholesterolemia by increasing appetite and dietary consumption of saturated fats, decreasing motivation to engage in regular physical activity, and increasing stress and resultant catecholamine induced lipolysis. No previous published population studies have examined the longitudinal relationship between sleep duration and high cholesterol. DESIGN: Multivariate longitudinal analyses stratified by sex of the ADD Health using logistic regression. SETTING: United States nationally representative, school-based, probability-based sample. PARTICIPANTS: Adolescents (n = 14,257) in grades 7 to 12 at baseline (1994-95) and ages 18 to 26 at follow-up (2001-02). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Among females, each additional hour of sleep was associated with a significantly decreased odds of being diagnosed with high cholesterol in young adulthood (OR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.75-0.96) after controlling for covariates. Additional sleep was associated with decreased, yet not statistically significant, odds ratios for hypercholesterolemia in males (OR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.79-1.05). CONCLUSIONS: Short sleep durations in adolescent women could be a significant risk factor for high cholesterol. Interventions that lengthen sleep could potentially serve as treatments and as primary preventative measures for hypercholesterolemia.


Assuntos
Hipercolesterolemia/epidemiologia , Privação do Sono/epidemiologia , Sono , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Causalidade , Criança , Comorbidade , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Razão de Chances , Fatores de Risco , Distribuição por Sexo , Fatores de Tempo , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
8.
Am J Clin Nutr ; 111(2): 429-439, 2020 02 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31828298

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown mixed results on the association between carbohydrate intake and insomnia. However, any influence that refined carbohydrates have on risk of insomnia is likely commensurate with their relative contribution to the overall diet, so studies are needed that measure overall dietary glycemic index (GI), glycemic load, and intakes of specific types of carbohydrates. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that higher GI and glycemic load would be associated with greater odds of insomnia prevalence and incidence. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study with postmenopausal women who participated in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study, investigating the relations of GI, glycemic load, other carbohydrate measures (added sugars, starch, total carbohydrate), dietary fiber, and specific carbohydrate-containing foods (whole grains, nonwhole/refined grains, nonjuice fruits, vegetables, dairy products) with odds of insomnia at baseline (between 1994 and 1998; n = 77,860) and after 3 y of follow-up (between 1997 and 2001; n = 53,069). RESULTS: In cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, higher dietary GI was associated with increasing odds of prevalent (fifth compared with first quintile OR: 1.11; CI: 1.05, 1.16; P-trend = 0.0014) and incident (fifth compared with first quintile OR: 1.16; CI: 1.08, 1.25; P-trend < 0.0001) insomnia in fully adjusted models. Higher intakes of dietary added sugars, starch, and nonwhole/refined grains were each associated with higher odds of incident insomnia. By contrast, higher nonjuice fruit and vegetable intakes were significantly associated with lower odds of incident insomnia. Also, higher intakes of dietary fiber, whole grains, nonjuice fruit, and vegetables were significantly associated with lower odds of prevalent insomnia. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that high-GI diets could be a risk factor for insomnia in postmenopausal women. Substitution of high-GI foods with minimally processed, whole, fiber-rich carbohydrates should be evaluated as potential treatments of, and primary preventive measures for, insomnia in postmenopausal women.


Assuntos
Dieta , Índice Glicêmico , Carga Glicêmica , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/dietoterapia , Idoso , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Saúde da Mulher
9.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32856005

RESUMO

We report on the rationale and design of an ongoing NIMH sponsored R61-R33 project in schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder. This project studies augmenting the efficacy of auditory neuroplasticity cognitive remediation (AudRem) with d-serine, an N-methyl-d-aspartate-type glutamate receptor (NMDAR) glycine-site agonist. We operationalize improved (smaller) thresholds in pitch (frequency) between successive auditory stimuli after AudRem as improved plasticity, and mismatch negativity (MMN) and auditory θ as measures of functional target engagement of both NMDAR agonism and plasticity. Previous studies showed that AudRem alone produces significant, but small cognitive improvements, while d-serine alone improves symptoms and MMN. However, the strongest results for plasticity outcomes (improved pitch thresholds, auditory MMN and θ) were found when combining d-serine and AudRem. AudRem improvements correlated with reading and other auditory cognitive tasks, suggesting plasticity improvements are predictive of functionally relevant outcomes. While d-serine appears to be efficacious for acute AudRem enhancement, the optimal dose remains an open question, as does the ability of combined d-serine + AudRem to produce sustained improvement. In the ongoing R61, 45 schizophrenia patients will be randomized to receive three placebo-controlled, double-blind d-serine + AudRem sessions across three separate 15 subject dose cohorts (80/100/120 mg/kg). Successful completion of the R61 is defined by ≥moderate effect size changes in target engagement and correlation with function, without safety issues. During the three-year R33, we will assess the sustained effects of d-serine + AudRem. In addition to testing a potentially viable treatment, this project will develop a methodology to assess the efficacy of novel NMDAR modulators, using d-serine as a "gold-standard".

10.
Sleep ; 31(8): 1087-96, 2008 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18714780

RESUMO

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To explore age differences in the relationship between sleep duration and mortality by conducting analyses stratified by age. Both short and long sleep durations have been found to be associated with mortality. Short sleep duration is associated with negative health outcomes, but there is little evidence that long sleep duration has adverse health effects. No epidemiologic studies have published multivariate analyses stratified by age, even though life expectancy is 75 years and the majority of deaths occur in the elderly. DESIGN: Multivariate longitudinal analyses of the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey using Cox proportional hazards models. SETTING: Probability sample (n = 9789) of the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the United States between 1982 and 1992. PARTICIPANTS: Subjects aged 32 to 86 years. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: In multivariate analyses controlling for many covariates, no relationship was found in middle-aged subjects between short sleep of 5 hours or less and mortality (hazards ratio [HR] = 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.43-1.05) or long sleep of 9 hours or more and mortality (HR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.66-1.65). A U-shaped relationship was found only in elderly subjects, with both short sleep duration (HR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.06-1.53) and long sleep duration (HR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.15-1.60) having significantly higher HRs. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between sleep duration and mortality is largely influenced by deaths in elderly subjects and by the measurement of sleep durations closely before death. Long sleep duration is unlikely to contribute toward mortality but, rather, is a consequence of medical conditions and age-related sleep changes.


Assuntos
Causas de Morte , Distúrbios do Sono por Sonolência Excessiva/mortalidade , Privação do Sono/mortalidade , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/mortalidade , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Comorbidade , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Fatores de Risco , Estudos de Amostragem , Estados Unidos
11.
Sleep ; 30(12): 1667-73, 2007 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18246976

RESUMO

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To explore the relationship between sleep duration and diabetes incidence over an 8- to 10-year follow-up period in data from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I). We hypothesized that prolonged short sleep duration is associated with diabetes and that obesity and hypertension act as partial mediators of this relationship. The increased load on the pancreas from insulin resistance induced by chronically short sleep durations can, over time, compromise beta-cell function and lead to type 2 diabetes. No plausible mechanism has been identified by which long sleep duration could lead to diabetes. DESIGN: Multivariate longitudinal analyses of the NHANES I using logistic regression models. SETTING: Probability sample (n=8992) of the noninstitutionalized population of the United States between 1982 and 1992. PARTICIPANTS: Subjects between the ages of 32 and 86 years. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Between 1982 and 1992, 4.8% of the sample (n=430) were determined by physician diagnosis, hospital record, or cause of death to be incident cases of diabetes. Subjects with sleep durations of 5 or fewer hours (odds ratio = 1.47, 95% confidence interval 1.03-2.09) and subjects with sleep durations of 9 or more hours (odds ratio = 1.52, 95% confidence interval 1.06-2.18) were significantly more likely to have incident diabetes over the follow-up period after controlling for covariates. CONCLUSIONS: Short sleep duration could be a significant risk factor for diabetes. The association between long sleep duration and diabetes incidence is more likely to be due to some unmeasured confounder such as poor sleep quality.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Sono , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Análise de Variância , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Incidência , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Razão de Chances , Fatores de Risco , Estudos de Amostragem , Privação do Sono/epidemiologia , Estados Unidos
12.
Sleep ; 28(10): 1289-96, 2005 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16295214

RESUMO

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Sleep deprivation has been hypothesized to contribute toward obesity by decreasing leptin, increasing ghrelin, and compromising insulin sensitivity. This study examines cross-sectional and longitudinal data from a large United States sample to determine whether sleep duration is associated with obesity and weight gain. DESIGN: Longitudinal analyses of the 1982-1984, 1987, and 1992 NHANES I Followup Studies and cross-sectional analysis of the 1982-1984 study. SETTING: Probability sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the United States. PARTICIPANTS: Sample sizes of 9,588 for the cross-sectional analyses, 8,073 for the 1987, and 6,981 for the 1992 longitudinal analyses. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Measured weight in 1982-1984 and self-reported weights in 1987 and 1992. Subjects between the ages of 32 and 49 years with self-reported sleep durations at baseline less than 7 hours had higher average body mass indexes and were more likely to be obese than subjects with sleep durations of 7 hours. Sleep durations over 7 hours were not consistently associated with either an increased or decreased likelihood of obesity in the cross-sectional and longitudinal results. Each additional hour of sleep at baseline was negatively associated with change in body mass index over the follow-up period, but this association was small and statistically insignificant. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the hypothesis that sleep duration is associated with obesity in a large longitudinally monitored United States sample. These observations support earlier experimental sleep studies and provide a basis for future studies on weight control interventions that increase the quantity and quality of sleep.


Assuntos
Obesidade/etiologia , Privação do Sono/complicações , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos Transversais , Demografia , Distúrbios do Sono por Sonolência Excessiva/diagnóstico , Distúrbios do Sono por Sonolência Excessiva/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/diagnóstico , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Privação do Sono/diagnóstico , Privação do Sono/epidemiologia , Fumar/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários
13.
Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci ; 52(2): 85-90, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26431411

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Depression frequently co-occurs with diabetes. The associations between risk factors for insulin resistance and depression and diabetes can help determine the relative importance of factors that contribute toward the comorbidity. METHOD: Analyses of the NHANES I (n = 10,025) to examine the cross-sectional relationships between depression and risk factors for insulin resistance at baseline using logistic regression and to explore the longitudinal relationships between risk factors for insulin resistance and diabetes incidence using Cox proportional hazards modeling. RESULTS: Many risk factors for insulin resistance were associated with depression and diabetes incidence. Depression was cross-sectionally associated with diabetes, but did not increase the risk for diabetes incidence.These counterintuitive results can be explained primarily by the differing relationships between risk factors for insulin resistance, depression, and diabetes. LIMITATIONS: Lack of repeated measures of depression. CONCLUSIONS: Lack of physical activity, hypertension, and inadequate sleep were the risk factors for insulin resistance with the highest associations with both depression and diabetes incidence.


Assuntos
Transtorno Depressivo/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Resistência à Insulina , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Incidência , Estudos Longitudinais , Fatores de Risco , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia
15.
Am J Clin Nutr ; 102(2): 454-63, 2015 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26109579

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The consumption of sweetened beverages, refined foods, and pastries has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of depression in longitudinal studies. However, any influence that refined carbohydrates has on mood could be commensurate with their proportion in the overall diet; studies are therefore needed that measure overall intakes of carbohydrate and sugar, glycemic index (GI), and glycemic load. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that higher dietary GI and glycemic load would be associated with greater odds of the prevalence and incidence of depression. DESIGN: This was a prospective cohort study to investigate the relations between dietary GI, glycemic load, and other carbohydrate measures (added sugars, total sugars, glucose, sucrose, lactose, fructose, starch, carbohydrate) and depression in postmenopausal women who participated in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study at baseline between 1994 and 1998 (n = 87,618) and at the 3-y follow-up (n = 69,954). RESULTS: We found a progressively higher dietary GI to be associated with increasing odds of incident depression in fully adjusted models (OR for the fifth compared with first quintile: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.37), with the trend being statistically significant (P = 0.0032). Progressively higher consumption of dietary added sugars was also associated with increasing odds of incident depression (OR for the fifth compared with first quintile: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.41; P-trend = 0.0029). Higher consumption of lactose, fiber, nonjuice fruit, and vegetables was significantly associated with lower odds of incident depression, and nonwhole/refined grain consumption was associated with increased odds of depression. CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study suggest that high-GI diets could be a risk factor for depression in postmenopausal women. Randomized trials should be undertaken to examine the question of whether diets rich in low-GI foods could serve as treatments and primary preventive measures for depression in postmenopausal women.


Assuntos
Envelhecimento , Depressão/etiologia , Dieta/efeitos adversos , Carboidratos da Dieta/efeitos adversos , Índice Glicêmico , Adoçantes Calóricos/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Estudos Longitudinais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pós-Menopausa , Prevalência , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia
16.
Sleep ; 38(6): 843-4, 2015 Jun 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26039963

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: Sleep is essential for optimal health. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) and Sleep Research Society (SRS) developed a consensus recommendation for the amount of sleep needed to promote optimal health in adults, using a modified RAND Appropriateness Method process. The recommendation is summarized here. A manuscript detailing the conference proceedings and evidence supporting the final recommendation statement will be published in SLEEP and the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine.


Assuntos
Saúde , Sono/fisiologia , Academias e Institutos , Adolescente , Adulto , Consenso , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medicina do Sono , Fatores de Tempo , Estados Unidos , Adulto Jovem
17.
Sleep ; 38(8): 1161-83, 2015 Aug 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26194576

RESUMO

The American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society recently released a Consensus Statement regarding the recommended amount of sleep to promote optimal health in adults. This paper describes the methodology, background literature, voting process, and voting results for the consensus statement. In addition, we address important assumptions and challenges encountered during the consensus process. Finally, we outline future directions that will advance our understanding of sleep need and place sleep duration in the broader context of sleep health.


Assuntos
Academias e Institutos , Consenso , Saúde , Medicina do Sono , Sono/fisiologia , Sociedades Científicas , Adulto , Humanos , Pesquisa/tendências , Estados Unidos
18.
J Clin Sleep Med ; 11(8): 931-52, 2015 Aug 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26235159

RESUMO

The American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society recently released a Consensus Statement regarding the recommended amount of sleep to promote optimal health in adults. This paper describes the methodology, background literature, voting process, and voting results for the consensus statement. In addition, we address important assumptions and challenges encountered during the consensus process. Finally, we outline future directions that will advance our understanding of sleep need and place sleep duration in the broader context of sleep health.


Assuntos
Consenso , Medicina do Sono , Sono , Academias e Institutos , Adulto , Humanos , Pesquisa , Sociedades Médicas , Fatores de Tempo , Estados Unidos
19.
J Clin Sleep Med ; 11(6): 591-2, 2015 Jun 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25979105

RESUMO

Sleep is essential for optimal health. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) and Sleep Research Society (SRS) developed a consensus recommendation for the amount of sleep needed to promote optimal health in adults, using a modified RAND Appropriateness Method process. The recommendation is summarized here. A manuscript detailing the conference proceedings and evidence supporting the final recommendation statement will be published in SLEEP and the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine.


Assuntos
Promoção da Saúde , Pesquisa , Medicina do Sono , Sono/fisiologia , Academias e Institutos , Adulto , Consenso , Humanos , Estados Unidos
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