RESUMO
The objective was to analyze the changes in cannabis use during lockdown considering sex, age, living situation and level of addiction. This descriptive and non-probabilistic study used a convenience sample of 208 participants with ages between 18-57 years (64.3% men; mean age = 31.39 years), that reported consuming cannabis. The frequency of distinct typologies of cannabis use was analyzed and the level of addiction with the Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST). An online survey was used to collect the variables under study. A total of 25% consumers increased their spliff (marijuana mixed with tobacco) consumption, 11.9% increased their joint (marijuana cigarette) consumption and 11.8% increased their hashish spliff consumption. Men had higher levels of cannabis addiction, however, during lockdown they reduced their marijuana spliff consumption while both men and women increased their joint consumption. Marijuana spliff consumption showed a greater increase in the 25-29 age group, in those living with people other than relatives or a partner, alone, or with a partner and was reduced mainly in those living with parents or other relatives. The living alone 18-24 years old group, and the living with parents 35-44 years old group showed higher levels of cannabis addiction (CAST). The rate of dependent consumers who increased their marijuana spliff consumption (49%) doubled compared to consumers with no addiction and moderate addiction. Regarding joints, consumption was 1.5 times higher than for moderate addiction consumers and three times higher than those with no addiction. The risk of cannabis addiction increased in certain groups during lockdown.
El objetivo fue analizar el consumo de cannabis durante el confinamiento según sexo, edad, situación de convivencia y nivel de adicción. Estudio descriptivo no probabilístico con una muestra de conveniencia de 208 participantes con edades entre 18-57 años (64,3% hombres; edad media = 31,39 años) que reportaron consumir cannabis. Se analizó la frecuencia de distintas tipologías de consumo de cannabis y el nivel de adicción con el Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST). La recogida de datos se realizó mediante encuesta online. El 25% de consumidores aumentó su consumo de porros de marihuana mezclada con tabaco; el 11,9% de cigarros de marihuana; y el 11,8% de porros de hachís mezclado con tabaco. Los hombres presentaron mayor nivel de adicción al cannabis. Sin embargo, redujeron su consumo de porros durante el confinamiento. Hombres y mujeres incrementaron su consumo de cigarros de marihuana. El consumo de porros se incrementó mayormente en el grupo de 25-29 años, entre quienes convivían con personas distintas a familiares y pareja, vivían solas, o en pareja; y se redujo entre quienes vivían con progenitores o familiares. Mostraron mayor nivel de adicción al cannabis (CAST) el grupo entre 18-24 años que vive solo y el grupo entre 35-44 años que convive con sus progenitores. Los consumidores con dependencia que incrementan su consumo de porros (49%) fue dos veces superior respecto a los grupos sin adicción y con adicción moderada. El consumo de cigarros de marihuana (20,8%) fue 1,5 veces superior que para adicción moderada y más del triple que para sin adicción. El riesgo de adicción a cannabis aumentó en ciertos grupos durante el confinamiento.
RESUMO
Introduction: Problematic behavior and drug use are behaviors of social concern, especially in adolescence. There are school factors that can contribute to their development or prevent them. The objective was to establish explanatory models of the relationship between various school variables with the consumption of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis; determining its direct and/or indirect relationship with problematic behaviors. Materials and methods: The study was cross-sectional with a sample of 346 students (Main Age=14.81; 54% women) from secondary education. Structural Equation Model (SEM) were carried to analyze the relationship between the dimensions of the Scale of perception of aspects of school life and alcohol, tobacco and cannabis consume with the presence of Problematic Behavior. Results: Problem behavior was predicted by alcohol, tobacco and cannabis consume, and binge drinking. Different aspects of school life differentially predicted problem behavior and drug use. Sense of challenge was observed as having a reciprocal predictive relationship with problem behavior. Perception of oneself at school predicts both alcohol and tobacco use; while the value given to school predicts binge drinking. Discussion: These findings suggests that, when addressing problem behavior and drug use that affect minors in school and have repercussions on class dynamics and academic outcomes, we should not focus exclusively on these problem areas, but rather take a more integrated approach that includes modifying different school-related aspects that act as risk factors for these types of problems.
RESUMO
El incremento en el consumo de cannabis coincide con la proliferación del cultivo de cannabis a pequeña escala. Estos cultivos favorecen la disponibilidad de la sustancia e incrementan su consumo. Investigaciones previas han dejado entrever las características definitorias de poblaciones de cultivadores, pero se desconoce si su perfil difiere en función del género. El objeto del presente estudio fue analizar las diferencias de género en autocultivadores en relación con variables sociodemográficas, patrones de consumo y problemáticas de salud. Se diseñó un estudio observacional descriptivo, con una muestra de 219 cultivadores (157 hombres y 62 mujeres), con edades entre 18 y 34 años. Se analizaron problemas de consumo (CPQ), dependencia del cannabis (SDS), patrones de abuso(CAST), consumo de riesgo de alcohol (AUDIT), dependencia de la nicotina (FTND) y variables sociodemográficas (cuestionario ad hoc). Los resultados mostraron convergencia entre hombres y mujeres en los indicadores: inicio temprano y consumo diario de cannabis, problemáticas psicosociales derivadas del consumo, un número similar de casos de consumo problemático y dependencia del cannabis y tendencia al policonsumo. Contrariamente, los varones refirieron mayores problemas físicos, consumo intensivo de cannabis y de alcohol. A diferencia de los estudios en población general, donde el consumo de cannabis es mayor en hombres que en mujeres, las mujeres autocultivadoras presentan un perfil similar a los autocultivadores hombres. Este hecho sugiere la necesidad de investigar sobre los factores de riesgo específicos al género que pueden estar influyendo diferencialmente en el consumo intensivo y su relación con el autocultivo. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados en la planificación de estrategias preventivas y de tratamiento, desde una perspectiva de género
The increase in cannabis use coincides with the proliferation of small-scale cannabis cultivation. These crops facilitate substance availability and increased use. Some investigations have studied the characteristics of small-scale cultivators; however, it is not known whether their profiles differ by gender. The aim of the present study was to analyse differences among growers regarding sociodemographic variables, patterns of use and health problems from a gender perspective. A descriptive observational study was designed with a sample of 219 cultivators (157 men and 62 women), aged between 18 and 34. Problematic use of cannabis (CPQ), cannabis dependence (SDS), patterns of abuse (CAST), risky alcohol use (AUDIT), nicotine dependence (FTND) and sociodemographic variables (ad hoc questionnaire) were analysed. The results showed convergence between men and women in some indicators: early onset and daily cannabis use, psychosocial problems deriving from use, a similar number of problematic use and cannabis dependence cases, as well as a polydrug trend. Conversely, men reported greater physical problems and more intensive use of cannabis and alcohol. Women cannabis growers presented a similar profile to their male counterparts, whereas studies of the general population have shown cannabis use to be higher among men than women. This fact supports the relevance of researching specific risk factors related to gender, which can exert a differential influence on the intensity of use, and their relationship with small-scale cultivation. Implications of these results for planning preventive strategies and treatment are discussed from a gender perspective