[Comprehensive hygienic evaluation of the environment and health status of children and adolescents in the North administrative district of Moscow].

The high environmental levels of foreign chemical substances and the inadequate intake of both essential nutrients, such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and micronutrients, such as minerals, vitamins, and trace elements, in half of the examined children and adolescents promoted a rise in the incidence of chronic noncommunicable diseases in 2005-2009 particularly in the districts of Dmitrovskv, Khovrino where the morbidity rates were 1.5-2 times higher than those in the whole area.

[Experimental rationale for approaches to the development and evaluation of new functional foodstuffs].

This comprehensive experimental study had the objective to determine the optimum ratio of calcium and vitamin D used as additives in food compositions and provide an experimentally-based rationale for the use of new functional dairy products and evaluation of their nutritional value. Experimental medico-biological assessment was conducted using growing male Wistar rats by balance and biochemical methods. It was shown that the calcium/vitamin D ratio in foodstuffs determines their functional efficiency. High nutritive and biological value was documented for some new cottage cheese products rich in calcium (240 mg%) and vitamin D (1 mg%). Results of the study were used to develop guidelines for the enrichment of various food compositions with calcium and vitamin D and substantiate methods for the assessment of their real functional effectiveness.

[Influence of environmental factors on human health (in case of Orekhovo-Zuyevo)]. / Vliianie faktorov sredy obitaniia na sostoianie zdorov'ia naseleniia (na primere g. Orekhovo-Zuevo).

The paper analyzes the actual nutrition in 301 schoolchildren (142 children and 159 adolescents), the state of ambient air and the health status of the population in 5 districts of the town of Orekhovo-Zuyevo. Non-balanced diets and ambient air pollution have been ascertained to negatively affect human health.

[Validation, development and biomedical evaluation of new food products for common and special use]. / Obosnovanie, razrabotka i mediko-biologicheskaia otsenka novykh produktov massovogo, lechbnogo i spetsial'nogo naznacheniia.

Low level of provision of various population groups with animal proteins, poor choice of foodstuffs for common and dietetic use, inefficiency of meat and milk processing, loss of foodstuff quality as a result of industrial production determine the range of priority problems to be solved by specialists in nutrition hygiene. One of the main and most rapid approaches to solution of these problems is more rational utilization of the foodstuff potential created in the country for nutrition, but the chemical, sensory, and organoleptic properties of the manufactured foodstuffs do not always ensure their high biological value. Department of Hygiene of Nutrition, I. M. Setchenov Moscow Medical Academy, for many years has been engaged in development of biomedical rationale for effective use of raw material and processing protocols for preparation of common and dietetic food for various population groups. Special attention was paid to the effects of food-stuffs prepared by new technologies and recipes on metabolism. The most important results are summed up in this review.

[Effect of soluble dietary fibers on cholesterol metabolism in hyperlipidemic patients]. / Izuchenie vliianiia rastvorimyx pishchevyx volokon na kholesterinovyl obmen u bol'nyx s giperlipidemiel.

Therapeutic effectivity of new extrusion products "Jantar" have been studied. These products include 10% of dietary fiber gumarabic. It was shown that consumption of products "Jantar" caused a 18.1, 23.2, 16 and 16.3% decrease in the levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, tryglicerols and apoprotein B respectively. A decreasing body mass index and hypoglycamic effect also have been observed. Thus, extrusion products "Jantar" may be recommended for diet therapy of hypercholesterolemia, obesity and diabetus melitus.

[The relation of the biological value of meat proteins to their content of connective tissue]. / Zavisimost' biologicheskoi tsennosti belkov miasa ot soderzhaniia v nem soedinitel'noi tkani.

The influence of connective tissue on the biological value of meat products, manufactured from hashed meat, was studied in experiments on growing rats. It was shown that collagen level increase from 6.1 to 14.5% of the total amount of meat proteins improved the growth-mass characteristics of the animals. The actual biological value and the absolute protein utilization had a tendency to lowering, although the difference was not statistically significant. At the same time the effectiveness of tissue protein biosynthesis was not lowered. A conclusion has been made that the results of animal experiments correlate with the clinical data on the positive effect of the increase up to 15% (by protein) of collagen content on the anabolic action of hashed meat protein in humans. A further increase of the connective tissue amount leads to its diminished biological value.

[Hygienic evaluation of hyposensitivity of egg-shell powder in the cosmetics]. / Gigienicheskaia otsenka giposensibiliziruiushchego deistviia poroshka iaichnoi skorlupy v sostave kosmeticheskikh sredstv.

Egg-shell powder was added to cosmetics in quantity up to 10%. Such cosmetics did not irritate and sensitize the skin, and had a positive influence on allergologic status of animals.

[The effect of food fiber on the biological value of meat products]. / Vliianie pishchevykh volokon na biologicheskuiu tsennost' miasnykh produktov.

The effect of food fibres of wheat bran, beet pectin and methylcellulose on the biological value of meat proteins has been studied in experiments on the growing rats. It has been shown, that up to 1% on food fibres of wheat bran and up to 0.5% of pectin and methylcellulose can be added to meat products without spoiling their qualitative indices. Higher levels of these substances cause the reduction of the biological value of meat products.

[Effects of food rations with different levels of calcium on parameters of cellular immunity of sensitized rats]. / Vliianie ratsionov pitaniia s razlichnym soderzhaniem kal'tsiia na pokazateli kletochnogo immuniteta sensibilizirovannykh krys.

Effect of alimentary calcium on cellular immunity of rats with allergic dermatitis was studied. Calcium-deficient rations were found to be conducive to decrease of the metabolic activity of rat lymphocytes, whereas normal or increased intake of calcium provided a sufficiently high level of specific response.

[Comparative evaluation of radiation protective efficiency of regimens with various content of calcium, potassium and iron]. / Sravnitelnaia otsenka radioprotektornoi éffectivnosti ratsionov s razlichnym soderzhaniem kaltsiia, kaliia i zheleza.

Calcium deficit in ration of rats considerable reduced radioprotective potential of animals. The enrichment of ration for calcium, potassium, and iron improved radioprotection by changing velocity of accumulation and excretion of cesium.

[Role of alimentary calcium in the prevention of intestinal microflora disorders during sensitization]. / Izuchenie roli alimentarnogo kaltsiia v profilaktike disbakterioza kishechnika v usloviiakh sensibilizatsii.

According to experimental data, shortage of calcium in diet of experimental animals in conditions of sensitization leads to disturbances in intestinal microflora. Consequently calcium is an important factor of organism adaptation to antigenic loading.

[Evaluation and correction of the nutrition of children in a region contaminated as a result of the Chernobyl power plant accident]. / Otsenka i korrektsiia pitaniia detskogo naseleniia v raione, postradavshem ot avarii na Chernobylskoi AES.

Nutrition of 2 children groups aged 9 to 10 years and 14 to 15 years in the zone of Chernobyl accident was studied during 1 year in spring, summer and autumn with the help of questionnaires. Nutrition of children was appreciated as unsatisfactory. Structure of foodstuffs and their quantity are insufficient. Recommendations for improvement of children nutrition were developed.

[Food habits of the population in ecologically unfavorable regions]. / Sostoianie pitaniia naseleniia, prozhivaiushchego na ékologicheski neblagopriiatnoi territorii.

Nutrition of population living on the territory polluted after the Chernobyl accident is unsatisfactory. Structure of nutrition is inadequate, vitamin quantity insufficient. Recommendations on improvement of population nutrition are given.

[Medical and biological evaluation of new food products for children exposed to excessive radiation]. / Mediko-biologicheskaia otsenka novykh produktov dlia pitaniia detei, prokhivaiushchikh v usloviiakh radioaktivnoi nagruzki.

Nutritive value and protective efficiency of new foodstuffs for children were studied. Addition to the nutrition of sodium alginate and egg-shell powder renders it prophylactic properties under conditions of cesium-137 intake.