[Gender differences of dynamic changes of anterior cortical activity under negative emotional strain].

Dynamic changes of anterior cortical areas activity under negative emotional strain at male and female teenage examinees were investigated. Dependence of anterior cortical activity changes on gender and initial conflictness level of examinees is determined, which is also confirmed by detected shifts in phychoemotional sphere.

[Gender differences of the influence of an "aggressive" computer game on the variability of the heart rhythm].

The influence of virtual aggressogenic environment on psychoemotional sphere of male and female teenagers with different levels of personal aggression was studied by characteristics of the heart rate. The exposure to the aggressogenic factors produced a change of the centralized control for the autonomic control in female and male teenagers with the high level of aggression and females with the low level of aggression. Male teenagers with the low level of aggression displayed the prevalence of the centralized control. Thus, the influence of exposure of teenagers to the virtual aggressogenic environment was shown to be ambiguous depending on the level of the level of personal aggression and gender.

[Stress index as an indicator of autonomic regulation while working on a computer].

Cardiac rhythm variability was studied in examinees of both sexes with varying aggressiveness during simulation of the virtual aggressogenic environment. Central regulation showed a shift towards autonomic one in highly aggressive examinees of both sexes and in lowly aggressive girls and there was a preponderance of central regulation in lowly aggressive boys under the influence of an aggressogenic factor. There was an association of the intensity of responses to an aggressogenic factor with gender.

[Autonomic cardiac rhythm regulation in adolescents during simulation of conflict-inducing medium].

Autonomic balance shifts were studied from the parameters of cardiac rhythm variability in subjects of both sexes with a varying conflict potential under the influence of a conflict-inducing factor. There was autonomic balance displacement towards a reduced sympathotonus in conflict subjects irrespective of gender and in non-conflict girls during simulation of a conflict-inducing medium, which suggests their favorable response to presented loads. The sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system was found to play an increased role in the regulation of cardiac performance in examined non-conflict boys during simulation of a conflict-inducing medium, suggesting the development of psychogenic emotional tension by the negative psychosomatic type.

[Changes in the P300 amplitude under the influence of "aggressive" computer game in adolescents with various levels of initial aggression and conflicting behavior].

Dynamic changes in the amplitude of component P300 of the evoked potentials in different cortical areas were studied as an index of activity of cortical structures responsible for actualization of a computer game with aggressive content with regard for the level of initial aggression and conflict in behavior of adolescent subjects. Dynamic changes in anxiety and aggression evoked by playing an "aggressive" computer game were shown to be dependent on the initial level of aggression and conflict. An increase in P300 in the frontal and orbitofrontal areas of both hemispheres was observed in adolescents with initially high level of aggression and conflict. In adolescents with initially low aggression and conflict, P300 decreased bilaterally in the frontal areas and did not change significantly in the orbitofrontal areas. These findings testify to the bilateral frontal top-down control over negative emotions.

[Impact of aggressive assigment performance on the autonomic nervous systems in adolescents].

Impact of aggressive assignment performance on cardiac rhythm was studied in adolescents, by taking into account permanent aggressiveness and autonomic tendency in the examinees. The adolescents with high baseline aggressiveness were found to have a lower Kerdo autonomic index while the latter was not observed in those with low baseline aggressiveness. Aggressive computer games have been ascertained to have no negative impact and to have a beneficial effect on the adolescents' psychoemotional sphere.

[Effects of spatial-imagery task performance on the heart rate variability].

Effects of the efficiency of spatial task performance on the autonomic heart control were studied. Dynamic changes in autonomic balance diagnosed on the heart rate variability during maze-model task performance (the type of spatial-imagery activity) showed that the type of heart rate regulation depended on the performance efficiency. The results suggest that in subjects with low performance efficiency, problems in performance are associated with negative emotions that produce the emotional psychogenic stress. In subjects with high efficiency, the autonomic contour of the heart rate regulation prevailed. This was presumable associated with the adequacy of the maze-model task.

[The EEG indices of the functional status of the operator in prolonged monotonous work at a computer]. / EEG-pokazateli funktsional'nogo sostoianiia operatora pri dlitel'noi monotonnoi rabote na komp'iutere.

The EEG data obtained in 4-hour experiments with simulation of monotonous performance at a computer display were analyzed. A certain difference in the dynamics of the functional state was revealed between the groups of subjects which differed in their background level of cortical activation. Practically the same performance efficiency in these groups was supported by different mechanisms: via self-regulation mechanisms in the subjects with a high initial level of cortical activity and by involvement of "self-correction" realized through activation of nonspecific subcortical brain structures. The development of the excessive stress in the second group of subjects expressed in an increase of theta rhythm power density indicated the higher "physiological cost" of monotonous operator's work for persons with low level of background cortical activation.

[Role of the right brain hemisphere in training for the operator work]. / Issledovanie roli pravogo polyshariia v protsesse obucheniia operatorskomu trudu.

Functional state of the human right brain hemisphere was studied during simulation of 4-hour operator's training work with a computer in novel conditions. Participants of the experiments differed in the degree of extraversion and baseline level of cortical activity. The obtained results suggest that the role of the right hemisphere in the process of simulated activity consists in reception and primary processing of information. This hemisphere is not involved in the correction of cortical activation to the optimal level of activity, which is necessary for the efficient performance of a task.

[Functional state of the autonomic nervous system according to the data of heart activity during performance of a computerized visual-spatial task]. / Funktsional'noe sostoianie vegetativnoi nervnoi sistemy po pokazateliam serdechnoi deiatel'nosti pri vypolnenii zritel'no-prostranstvennoi zadachi na komp'iutere.

The influence of the performance of a computerized visio-spatial task on the state of the autonomic nervous system of PC operators was studied. Statistical characteristics of the operator's heart rhythm during the 3-hour period of work on a computer were analyzed using Baevsky's method of variational pulsometry. The operators were classified in three groups by the character of their reaction to loading. It was suggested that the visio-spatial task performance on a computer could act as a stress factor only on a certain category of people.

[The study of interhemispheric asymmetry in spatial-perceptive problem solving]. / Issledovanie mezhpolusharnoi asimmetrii mozga pri reshenii zadachi prostranstvenno-obraznogo profilia.

Features of brain interhemispheric asymmetry during solving the spatial figurative task (maze model) were studied in men and women with different intelligence quotients (IQ). It was shown that during task solving the rate of information processing was higher in the right brain hemisphere, and amplitude characteristics of the event-related potentials were higher in the left hemisphere. No gender and IQ differences in the character of interhemispheric interaction were found during the realization of the maze-model task. The results testify that the character of hemispheric interaction depends om the task rype rather than gender and intelligence level.

[The individual typological characteristics of operator activity during long-term monotonous work on the computer]. / Individual'no-tipologicheskie osobennosti operatorskoi deiatel'nosti pri dlitel'noi monotonnoi rabote na komp'iutere.

Individual neurophysiological and psychophysiological characteristics were analyzed in two groups of subjects with different extraversion and genetically determined levels of cortical activity during learning the novel for them monotonous computer operation. Most of the subjects improved their performance to the end of four-hour work. The degree of visual fatigue correlated with changes in P70 component of the evoked potentials. The intergroup difference was revealed in overcoming the visual discomfort during attention concentration. The visual cortex was facilitated in the introverts with high-voltage cortical activity (1st group) and disfacilitated in the extraverts with the low-voltage cortical activity (2nd group). Increase of the simple motor reaction time in the extraverts is considered as a result of temporary impairment of the visual function during the monotonous operator's work, and the worsening of the emotional condition as a consequence of the visual discomfort. The problems are discussed concerning different adaptation mechanisms in realization of the activity under study depending on the genetically determined features of the CNS.

[Variability of the morphological traits in the blood-sucking black fly Odagmia caucasica (Diptera: Simuliidae)]. / Izmenchivost' morfologicheskikh priznakov krovososushchei moshki Odagmia caucasica (Diptera: Simuliidae).

Eleven morphometric and four qualitative features of larvae, as well as 6 morphometric parameters of pupae of Odagmia caucasica, which had been collected in 5 geographically remote regions of Armenia, have been studied. In this work besides absolute values of features we have used their ratios (indices) that shows forms and proportions of different organs. It was found, that larvae taken from Bzhni and Getashen had asymmetry of bilateral characteristics and that there were differences in the level of morphometric features variability; the latter fact is connected with sex and phase of the insect. Study of chronological variability of populations from Bzhni, Getashen and Martuni has revealed differences in the nature of distribution of features. It was shown that the rate of differentiation between geographically isolated populations fluctuated in the range from 20 (Getashen) to 33% (Amassiya). Differences in the qualitative alternative features and in the rate of microsporidium infection distinguish the differentiation of populations from Bzhni and Amassiya, which is caused by anthropogenic factor in Bzhni and by isolating landscape barrier in Amassiya. Species-specific morphometric features were discovered; these were the indices of proportions of larva ventral sclerite and of pupa respiratory filaments.

[Alteration in activities of NAD-glycohydrolase, acid and alkaline phosphatases in blood cells tuberculosis]. / Izmenenie aktivnosti NAD-glikogidrolazy, kisloi i shchelochnoi fosfataz v formennykh élementakh krovi pri tuberkuleze.

Activities of NAD-glyconydrolase from erythrocytes, alkaline and acid phosphatases from neutrophiles and acid phosphatase from lymphocytes were studied in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis as well as in experimental animals. Distinct alterations in the activity of the enzymes studied were observed in blood cells of guinea pigs inoculated with tuberculosis. In patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases were altered in leukocytes and the activity of NAD-glycohydrolase--in erythrocytes. Inactive forms of tuberculosis were accompanied by a slight alterations in the alkaline phosphatase activity, activities of acid phosphatase and NAD-glycohydrolase were unaltered.