Epidemiologic features and management of hypertension in Tunisia, the results from the Hypertension National Registry (NaTuRe HTN).

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is the leading cause of morbi-mortality in our country. Thus, we conducted this national survey on hypertension to analyze the profile of the Tunisian hypertensive patient and to assess the level of blood pressure control. METHODS: Nature HTN is an observational multicentric survey, including hypertensive individuals and consulting their doctors during the period of the study. Blood pressure measurements were conducted during consultation, using a standardized auscultatory or oscillometric sphygmomanometer after at least 15 min of rest. The diagnosis of new hypertension is based on the 2018 ESC/ESH criteria. The primary endpoint of our study was uncontrolled hypertension defined by a systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg. RESULTS: Three hundred twenty-one investigators participated in the study. We enrolled 25,890 patients with a female predominance (Sex ratio, 1.21) and an average age of 64.4 ± 12.2 years. Most individuals were treated in the public sector (74%), 39.4% of patients were diabetic, 25.8% were obese, 44.6% were overweight and 14% were smokers. Hypertension was controlled in 51.7% of cases if we consider 140/90 as a BP target, and only in 18.6% if we consider 130/80 as a target. The independent predictors of uncontrolled blood pressure were male sex (OR = 1.09, 95%CI [1.02-1.16]), age > 65 year-old (OR = 1.07, 95% CI[1.01-1.13], diabetes (OR = 1.18, 95% CI [1.11-1.25], Smoking (OR = 1.15, 95% CI [1.05-1.25]), Obesity (OR = 1.14, 95% CI[1.07-1.21]), management in public sector (OR = 1.25, 95% CI [1.16-1.34]), and Heart rate > 80 bpm (OR = 1.59, 95% CI [1.48-1.71]). Contrarily, high educational level (OR = 0.9, 95% CI [0.84-0.97], absence of history of coronary disease (OR = 0.86, 95% CI [0.8-0.93]), salt restriction (OR = 0.48, 95% CI [0.45-0.51]), drug compliance (OR = 0.57, 95% CI[0.52-0.61]), and regular physical activity (OR = 0.77, 95% CI[0.71-0.84]) are strong predictors of blood pressure control. CONCLUSION: NaTuRe HTN showed that blood pressure control was reached in more than half of the Tunisian people. The control remains low in patients with high cardiovascular profiles and in those treated in the public sector. A national health program based on therapeutic education, regular control and continuous support to the public institutions is needed to decrease the burden of hypertension incidence rate.

An assessment of the air quality in apple warehouses: new records of Aspergillus europaeus, Aspergillus pulverulentus, Penicillium allii and Penicillium sumatraense as decay agents.

Airborne fungi are one of the major components of aeromycobiota known to produce several fungal diseases in fruits. Their presence in indoor environment of warehouses may limit the storage period of apples. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of airborne fungal spores were conducted using gravity settling techniques to detect fungal airspora present in the atmosphere of two apple warehouses in Tunisia. In this study, 375 fungal isolates were obtained and purified. Phylogenetic analysis of calmodulin, beta-tubulin and ITS regions coupled with phenotypic characterization helped to identify 15 fungal species. Penicillium exhibited the highest diversity with ten species detected (Penicillium allii, P. chrysogenum, P. citrinum, P. expansum, P. italicum, P. polonicum, P. solitum, P. steckii, P. sumatraense and P. viridicatum), followed by four species of Aspergillus genus (Aspergillus europaeus, A. flavus, A. niger and A. pulverulentus) and Alternaria alternata. In vivo experiments confirmed the pathogenicity of 13 species at room temperature and under cold-storage conditions. Among them, A. europaeus, A. pulverulentus, P. allii and P. sumatraense were described for the first time as pathogens on apples. The present study identified the major airborne fungi associated with postharvest rot in apple storage facilities in Tunisia and may help in efficient control of postharvest and storage fruit diseases.

Predictors of maternal and neonatal complications in women with severe valvular heart disease during pregnancy in Tunisia: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Severe valvular heart disease, especially stenosis, is a contraindication for conception according to the World Health Organization. This is still encountered in countries with a high rheumatic fever prevalence. The objective of this study was to determine predictors of maternal cardiac, obstetric and neonatal complications in pregnant women with severe valve disease. METHODS: This is an observational retrospective cohort study of all pregnant women with severe heart valvulopathy who gave birth between 2010 and 2017. RESULTS: We included 60 pregnancies in 54 women. Cardiac complications occurred during 37 pregnancies (61%). In multivariate analysis, parity (aOR =2.41, 95% CI[1.12-5.16]), revelation of valvulopathy during pregnancy (aOR = 6.34; 95% CI[1.26-31.77]), severe mitral stenosis (aOR = 6.98, 95% CI[1.14-41.05],) and systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (aOR =1.08, 95% CI[1.01-1.14]) were associated with cardiac complications. Obstetrical complications were noted during 19 pregnancies (31.8%). These complications were associated with nulliparity (aOR = 5.22; 95% CI[1.15-23.6]), multiple valve disease (aOR = 5.26, 95% CI[1.19-23.2]), systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (aOR =1.04, 95% CI[1.002-1.09]), and treatment with vitamin K antagonists (aOR = 8.71, 95% CI[1.98-38.2]). Neonatal complications were noted in 39.3% of newborns (n = 61) and these were associated with occurrence of obstetric complications (aOR = 16.47, 95% CI[3.2-84.3]) and revelation of valvulopathy during pregnancy (aOR = 7.33, 95% CI[1.4-36.1]). CONCLUSIONS: Revelation of valvular heart disease during pregnancy is a predictor of not only cardiac but also neonatal complications. Valvular heart disease screening during pre-conceptional counseling is thus crucial.

Spontaneous Fracture and Migration of a Totally Implanted Port Device to Pulmonary Artery in Acute Leukemia Child.

Totally implanted port devices are important for the administration of fluid and chemotherapeutic agents. However, their use may be associated with serious complications, such as catheter fracture and embolism. Most data on port catheter embolization consist of isolated case reports. We report a 6-year-old boy with relapse of an acute lymphoblastic leukemia. He presented with dysfunction of his totally implanted port device. Radiologic examination revealed a catheter fracture. Echocardiography showed the catheter embolized into the right ventricle. The catheter was successfully removed from the right ventricle by percutaneous endovascular intervention. During the procedure, it was observed that the catheter fragment was located in the pulmonary artery. Catheter embolism may go undiagnosed for a prolonged period; however, severe systemic clinical signs may develop. Any implanted catheter should be removed after completion of treatment, or should be checked regularly for this complication by periodic standard chest x-ray monitoring.

[Statins Use in Elderly Patients]. / Place des statines chez le sujet âgé.

The risk of cardiovascular disease in elderly is significantly higher than in young subjects; paradoxically some treatments that have proven their efficacy in reducing cardiovascular risk are often under prescribed in this age group. The benefits of statins in secondary cardiovascular prevention are well established in patients <80 years. In primary prevention, these drugs reduce the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke, but their effects on cardiovascular mortality remain uncertain. In very elderly patients, there are no randomized trials relative to the impact of statins on morbi-mortality in primary prevention as well in secondary prevention. Adverse effects in the elderly seem to be statistically similar to those occurring in young people , but the prescription in very old people should be individualized, taking into account the life expectancy, the life quality, the comorbidities, and especially the risk of drug interactions.

National Tunisian Study of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: Design and Protocol for a Nationwide Multicenter Prospective Observational Study.

BACKGROUND: In Tunisia, the number of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) is increasing, owing to the increase in patient life expectancy and expanding indications. Despite their life-saving potential and a significant reduction in population morbidity and mortality, their increased numbers have been associated with the development of multiple early and late complications related to vascular access, pockets, leads, or patient characteristics. OBJECTIVE: The study aims to identify the rate, type, and predictors of complications occurring within the first year after CIED implantation. It also aims to describe the demographic and epidemiological characteristics of a nationwide sample of patients with CIED in Tunisia. Additionally, the study will evaluate the extent to which Tunisian electrophysiologists follow international guidelines for cardiac pacing and sudden cardiac death prevention. METHODS: The Tunisian National Study of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices (NATURE-CIED) is a national, multicenter, prospectively monitored study that includes consecutive patients who underwent primary CIED implantation, generator replacement, and upgrade procedure. Patients were enrolled between January 18, 2021, and February 18, 2022, at all Tunisian public and private CIED implantation centers that agreed to participate in the study. All enrolled patients entered a 1-year follow-up period, with 4 consecutive visits at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after CIED implantation. The collected data are recorded electronically on the clinical suite platform (DACIMA Clinical Suite). RESULTS: The study started on January 18, 2021, and concluded on February 18, 2023. In total, 27 cardiologists actively participated in data collection. Over this period, 1500 patients were enrolled in the study consecutively. The mean age of the patients was 70.1 (SD 15.2) years, with a sex ratio of 1:15. Nine hundred (60%) patients were from the public sector, while 600 (40%) patients were from the private sector. A total of 1298 (86.3%) patients received a conventional pacemaker and 75 (5%) patients received a biventricular pacemaker (CRT-P). Implantable cardioverter defibrillators were implanted in 127 (8.5%) patients. Of these patients, 45 (3%) underwent CRT-D implantation. CONCLUSIONS: This study will establish the most extensive contemporary longitudinal cohort of patients undergoing CIED implantation in Tunisia, presenting a significant opportunity for real-world clinical epidemiology. It will address a crucial gap in the management of patients during the perioperative phase and follow-up, enabling the identification of individuals at particularly high risk of complications for optimal care. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05361759; https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05361759. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR1-10.2196/47525.

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy with left ventricle outflow tract chordae insertion: Surgery or alcohol septal ablation? A case report.

Anomalous insertion of chordae is a rare disease that could be associated with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), but clinical and echocardiographic diagnoses tend to be delayed. Alcohol septal ablation has emerged as an alternative to surgical myomectomy in HOCM. When a patient showed an anomalous insertion of chordae, physicians generally opt for surgery and not alcohol septal ablation. In this report, we present the case of a lady, with symptomatic HOCM associated with a chord inserted on the left ventricular outflow tract. We succeeded to relieve obstruction by alcohol septal ablation without the need for surgery.

Impact of atorvastatin reload on the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients on chronic statin therapy: A prospective randomized trial.

BACKGROUND: This trial aimed to assess the efficacy of Atorvastatin reloading on the prevention of Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients pre-treated with this statin and undergoing coronary catheterization. METHODS: This was a prospective randomized controlled study including patients on chronic atorvastatin therapy. We randomly assigned the population to the Atorvastatin Reloading group (AR group), by reloading patients with 80 mg of atorvastatin one day before and three days after the coronary procedure, and the Non-Reloading group (NR group), including patients who received their usual dose without a reloading dose. The primary endpoints were the incidence of cystatin (Cys)-based CIN and Creatinine (Scr)-based CIN. The secondary endpoints consisted of the changes in renal biomarkers (Δ biomarkers) defined as the difference between the follow-up level and the baseline level. RESULTS: Our population was assigned to the AR group (n = 56 patients) and NR group (n = 54 patients). The baseline characteristics of the 2 groups were similar. Serum creatinine (SCr)-based CIN occurred in 11.1% in the NR group, and in 8.9% in the AR group without any significant difference. Cys-based CIN occurred in 37% in the NR group and 26.8% in the AR group without any significant difference. The subgroup analysis showed that high dose reloading had significantly reduced the CYC-based CIN risk in patients with type 2 diabetes (43.5% vs 18.8%, RR = 0.43. CI 95% [0.18-0.99])). The comparison of "Δ Cystatin" and Δ eGFR between the AR and NR groups didn't show any significant difference. However, cystatin C had significantly increased between baseline and at 24 hours in the NR group (0.96 vs 1.05, p = 0.001), but not in the AR group (0.94 vs 1.03, p = 0.206). CONCLUSIONS: Our study did not find a benefit of systematic atorvastatin reloading in patients on chronic atorvastatin therapy in preventing CIN. However, it suggested that this strategy could reduce the risk of CyC-based CIN in diabetic type 2 patients.

[Immediate, medium- and long-term outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention with very long drug eluting stent : An observational multicentric study]. / Les résultats immédiats, à moyen et à long terme de l'angioplastie coronaire par stent actif très long : à propos d'une étude multicentrique observationnelle.

INTRODUCTION: Very long coronary lesions account for 20% of coronary stenoses in the real world. There are few data on the effectiveness of angioplasty of these lesions with very long active stents (DES) in the literature. We conducted this study to assess the long-term outcomes of angioplasty with DES length ≥ 40 mm in a population with multiple cardiovascular risk factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective, multicenter, descriptive, and prognostic study, conducted between January 2015 and January 2020, in four Tunisian centers, including all patients who underwent angioplasty with a DES of length ≥ 40 mm with a follow-up of at least one year. The primary outcome was a combined criteria (major cardiovascular and Cerebral events: MACCE) (stroke, acute coronary syndrome, revascularization of the target lesion: TLR, cardiovascular death: CVD). RESULTS: We included 480 procedures. More than half of the patients had at least three risk factors. The prevalence of high blood pressure, diabetes and smoking were 61.1%, 56.6% and 60.4%, respectively. The treated lesions were complex: 23.54% calcified lesions, 8.75% chronic occlusions, 25% bifurcation lesions and 12.08% ostial lesions. The average length of the stents was 47.72 mm. We noted 17 cases of per-procedural complications (3.55%). The median follow-up was 35 months (extremes 1-60 months). The rate of stent thrombosis was 0.83%. The incidence of MACCE, TLR and CVD were respectively 16.25%, 8.12% and 5.2%. In multivariate analysis, diabetes (HR = 1.7, 95% CI [1.01-2.9]), dyslipidemia (HR = 2.08, 95% CI [1.3-3.3]), familial coronary artery disease (HR = 1.9, 95% CI [1.01-3.6]), left ventricle dysfunction (HR = 2.07, 95% CI [1.1-3.6]) and bifurcation lesions (HR = 1.9, 95% CI [1.2-3.14]) were the independent predictors of MACCE, while statin intake (HR = 0.38, 95% CI [0.19-0.78]) was a protective factor. CONCLUSION: Angioplasty with very long DES is associated with low levels of MACCE, TLR, stent thrombosis and CVD in our population. Therefore, it could be an interesting alternative to cardiac surgery. Randomized comparative studies of the two treatment options are needed.

[Advantages of simulation-based training in improving skills of beginners in interventional cardiology procedures: a Tunisian cross-sectional study]. / Apport de la simulation dans l'apprentissage de la cardiologie interventionnelle chez les débutants: étude tunisienne transversale.

Introduction: simulator training in interventional cardiology (ST) is an educational tool that is rapidly spreading worldwide. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the advantages of ST in improving skills of beginners in interventional cardiology procedures, through a short training cycle. Methods: we conducted a before-and-after quasi-experimental evaluative study in the simulation center of the Faculty of Medicine in Sfax. We involved cardiology residents at the beginning of their training in interventional cardiology. All the participants attended a 4-hour training course on a Cathi®, high-fidelity simulator, after giving their consent. The primary endpoint was a significant improvement in performance and competence scores before and after the course. The secondary endpoint was the reduction in irradiation time and the time of the procedure. Results: thirteen learners participated in our study. The performance score improved by a median of 216.12% (ISQ = 285%). This improvement was significantly greater for learners who had never had access to the catheterisation room. The performance score ranged from a median of 31 (ISQ=40.5) to a median of 120 (ISQ=19.7), (p=0.001). The competence score for coronary angiography improved significantly, from a median of 16 (ISQ=18) to a median of 70 (ISQ=6), (p=0.001). The competence score for angioplasty improved significantly from a median of 10 (ISQ=17) to a median of 50 (ISQ=13.7), p=0.001. Procedure time of coronary angiography and angioplasty were significantly shortened from 12 min (ISQ=2) to 7 min (ISQ=1) after the simulation cycle (p=0.001), and from a median of 19 min to a median of 17 min after simulation, p=0.002. Conclusion: despite a short-time simulation training, our pilot study demonstrates a significant improvement in the learners´ skills and performance, as well as a reduction in the time taken to carry out procedures and irradiation. This could eventually increase the number of procedures carried out daily in our cathlab and limit radiation exposure of staff and patients, while ensuring that the learners receive adequate training.

Prevention of radial artery occlusion with rivaroxaban after trans-radial access coronary procedures: The RIVARAD multicentric randomized trial.

Background: Radial artery occlusion (RAO) remains the most frequent complication of trans-radial access. Once the radial artery is occluded, its future use as an access site for coronary procedures, or as a conduit for coronary bypass grafting or fistula for hemodialysis, will be precluded. Therefore, we aimed to assess the value of the short-term use of Rivaroxaban to prevent RAO after a trans-radial coronary procedure. Methods: This was a prospective, open-label, randomized study. The patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to one of two groups: those who received Rivaroxaban 10 mg for 7 days following the trans-radial coronary procedure (the Rivaroxaban Group) and those who received the standard treatment (the Control Group). The primary outcome was an occurrence of RAO evaluated by Doppler ultrasound at 30 days, and the secondary outcomes were hemorrhagic complications according to BARC classification. Results: We included 521 patients randomized into two Groups: the Control Group (N = 262) and the Rivaroxaban Group (N = 259). The 1-month RAO was significantly reduced in the Rivaroxaban Group as compared to the Control Group [6.9% vs. 13%; p = 0.011, OR = 0.5, (95% CI, 0.27-0.91)]. We noted no cases of severe bleeding events (BARC3-5). The overall incidence of minor bleeding (BARC1) was 2.3%, with no significant difference between the two groups [Rivaroxaban Group = 2.7%, Control Group = 1.9%, p = 0.54, OR= 1.4, (95%CI 0.44-4.5)]. Conclusions: Short-term postoperative anticoagulation with Rivaroxaban 10 mg for seven days reduces the rate of 1-month RAO.

A ruptured balloon shaft during an angioplasty.

We report a case of balloon shaft rupture during percutaneous coronary intervention. Although the entrapped balloon was not yet deflated when the complication occurred, we successfully retrieved it percutaneously using a trapping technique. This case described a cheap and straightforward technique of device retrieval that helped save our patient.

[Epidemiological, clinical and echographic profile of patients operated for subvalvular aortic stenosis in the region of Sfax (Tunisia) and factors associated with postoperative recurrence: an observational study]. / Profil épidémiologique, clinique et échographique des patients opérés pour un rétrécissement aortique sous-valvulaire dans la région de Sfax (Tunisie) et facteurs associés à la récidive post-opératoire: étude observationnelle.

Subvalvular aortic stenosis is difficult to manage due to the evolutionary unpredictability of stenosis and a high recurrence rate after surgical treatment. The purpose of this study is to describe the profile of patients undergoing surgery for the treatment of aortic subvalvular stenosis and to investigate factors associated with post-operative recurrence of the subaortic obstacle. We conducted an observational study of all patients operated for subvalvular aortic stenosis, whose data were collected in the Department of Cardiology of the Sfax University Hospital between January 2010 and December 2020. The study involved 28 patients, with predominance of male sex (64.29%, n=18). At diagnosis, the mean age was 6.82 (±4.84) years and 19 patients (67.85%) had symptoms. On echocardiography, maximal subaortic gradient ≥50 mmHg was found in 23 patients (82.14%). Cardiovascular malformations associated with subvalvular stenosis were found in 16 patients (57.14%). The average age of patients at the time of surgery was 10.43 (±7.08) years. Subaortic membrane resection was the most commonly used technique (46.4%, n=13). It was associated with septal myomectomy in 8 patients (28.6%). Postoperative mortality rate was zero. Residual gradient ≥30 mmHg was reported in 8 patients (28.6%) after surgery. Recurrences were observed in 7 patients (25%) of whom 6 underwent reintervention. In multivariate analysis, only postoperative residual gradient was significantly associated with recurrence (p=0.030, OR=33.785, 95% CI: 1.398-816.754). Despite old age at diagnosis and surgery, favorable short-term outcomes were reported, but recurrences were frequent in the long term. This highlights the role of regular, perioperative and postoperative, clinical and echographic monitoring of these patients.

[Maladies cardiaques et Ramadan : revue de la littérature]. / Cardiovascular disease and Ramadan. A literature review.

We review the literature on the safety of fasting in cardiac patients. We examined the changes of blood pressure among hypertensive patients and the incidence of cardiac events during Ramadan in patients with coronary disease and heart failure. We also assess the modifications of INR levels in cardiac patients who take oral anticoagulant. We found that Ramadan fasting is safe in stable cardiac patients, even under several drugs. Fasting does not affect blood pressure. There is no difference in regards to cardiac event incidence between Ramadan and the non-fasting-months. The level of INR is slightly higher when fasting, it is thus recommended to monitor patients with high bleeding risk during Ramadan.

Endovascular therapy for steno-occlusive subclavian artery disease early and long-term outcomes in a multicentric Tunisian study.

AIM: To evaluate the outcomes of endovascular therapy in patients with subclavian steno-occlusive disease over the short and long term in a Tunisian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who underwent endovascular treatment of subclavian artery (SCA) steno-occlusive disease between 2013 and 2019 in three Tunisian centers were evaluated retrospectively. After treatment, patients were follow-up was scheduled at 1, 3, 6, 12 months postoperatively and annually afterwards by Doppler ultrasound and clinical findings. Primary outcomes included technical, clinical procedural success rates and limb salvage rate. Secondary outcomes included the occurrence of periprocedural complications and primary patency rates. RESULTS: 56 patients (33 males, 58.9%) were evaluated. Patients' mean age was 61.5 + years. Technical success rate was 94.6 %, being 100% in case of stenosis and 78.5% in case of occlusion. The technical success rate was 94.6%. The clinical success rate was 100% and the upper limb salvage rate was 100%. Minor amputations were performed on 5 patients. Perioperative mortality and morbidity rates were 0% and 8.9% respectively. Mean follow-up was 26.7±16.4 months (range 12-86 months). Two in-stent restenosis occurred (at 12 and 15 months) and one case of thrombosis at the 16th month. The primary patency rates were 88.7%+4.3% at the end of the first year and 78.7%+6.1% at 3 years. CONCLUSION: Endovascular treatment can be considered as a safe and effective treatment of SCA steno-occlusive disease, with low perioperative complication rates and a good patency rates over long term. KEY WORDS: Subclavian artery stenosis, Subclavian artery occlusion, endovascular, subclavian revascularization.

Epiphytic Yeasts and Bacteria as Candidate Biocontrol Agents of Green and Blue Molds of Citrus Fruits.

Overall, 180 yeasts and bacteria isolated from the peel of citrus fruits were screened for their in vitro antagonistic activity against Penicillium digitatum and P. italicum, causative agents of green and blue mold of citrus fruits, respectively. Two yeast and three bacterial isolates were selected for their inhibitory activity on mycelium growth. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA and ITS rDNA sequences, the yeast isolates were identified as Candida oleophila and Debaryomyces hansenii while the bacterial isolates were identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. pumilus and B. subtilis. All five selected isolates significantly reduced the incidence of decay incited by P. digitatum and P. italicum on 'Valencia' orange and 'Eureka' lemon fruits. Moreover, they were effective in preventing natural infections of green and blue mold of fruits stored at 4 °C. Treatments with antagonistic yeasts and bacteria did not negatively affect the quality and shelf life of fruits. The antagonistic efficacy of the five isolates depended on multiple modes of action, including the ability to form biofilms and produce antifungal lipopeptides, lytic enzymes and volatile compounds. The selected isolates are promising as biocontrol agents of postharvest green and blue molds of citrus fruits.

Thromboembolic events in COVID-19 ambulatory patients: An observational study about incidence, and thromboprophylaxis outcomes.

INTRODUCTION: There are no clear data about the incidence and the prophylactic strategies of arterial and venous thromboembolic events (TE) in COVID-19 ambulatory patients. Thus, we conducted this study to analyze thromboembolic complications in this setting and to assess thromboprophylaxis management and outcomes in the real life. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is an observational study including Covid-19 ambulatory patients. We assessed incidence of venous and arterial TE events as well as thromboprophylaxis outcomes and hemorrhagic complications. We defined high risk thrombo-embolic factor according to the Belgian guidelines which are the only guidelines that described thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19 ambulatory patients. RESULTS: We included 2089 patients with a mean age of 43±16 years. The incidence of 30 days venous and arterial TE complications in our cohort was 1%. Venous thromboembolic complications occurred in 0.8% and arterial thromboembolic complications occurred in 0.3%.We noted at least one high-risk TE factor in 18.5% of patients but thromboprophylaxis was prescribed in 22.5% of the cases, LMWH in 18.1%, and Rivaroxaban in 3.7%. Hemorrhagic events occurred in eight patients (0.3%): five patients showed minor hemorrhagic events and three patients showed major ones (0.14%). CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that the incidence of thromboembolic complications is very low in COVID-19 ambulatory patients. Paradoxically, there is an over prescription of thrombo-prophylaxis in this population.

Synthesis of Highly Reactive Sulfone Iminium Fluorides and Their Use in Deoxyfluorination and Sulfur Fluoride Exchange Chemistry.

We report the synthesis of sulfone iminium fluorides (SIFs), a reactive class of sulfur(VI) molecules. The synthesis is tolerant of a variety of substituents on the sulfur and nitrogen components. The SIF reagents were applied to the deoxyfluorination of alcohols and carboxylic acids, providing high yields of fluorinated products in 60 s at room temperature. The SIF reagents were then utilized in sulfur fluoride exchange (SuFEx), creating the first ionic SuFEx products to date.

Sulodexide Significantly Improves Endothelial Dysfunction and Alleviates Chest Pain and Palpitations in Patients With Long-COVID-19: Insights From TUN-EndCOV Study.

Objective: Non-respiratory long-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms are mainly related to a long-lasting endothelial dysfunction and microcirculation impairment. We hypothesized that Sulodexide, a purified glycosaminoglycan mixture with a beneficial endothelial effect in arterial and venous peripheral diseases, may be effective in a subset of patients with long COVID-19. Approach and Results: We conducted a multicenter prospective quasi-experimental study. A total of 290 patients from the TUN-EndCOV study with long-COVID-19 symptoms and endothelial dysfunction were included. The endothelial function was clinically assessed using a post-occlusive reactive hyperemia protocol with finger thermal monitoring device. Endothelial quality index (EQI) was assessed at inclusion and at 21 days later. The study population was assigned to a sulodexide group (144 patients) or a no-medical treatment group (146 patients). Clinical characteristics were similar at inclusion in the two groups. Fatigue, shortness of breath, and chest pain were the most common symptoms, respectively, 54.5, 53.8, and 28.3%. At 21 days, the sulodexide group improved significantly better than the no-medical treatment group in chest pain (83.7 vs. 43.6%, p < 10-3), palpitations (85.2 vs. 52.9%, p = 0.009), and endothelial function [median delta-EQI 0.66 (0.6) vs. 0.18 (0.3); p < 10-3]. Endothelial function improvement was significantly correlated with chest pain and palpitations recovery (AUC, i.e., area under the curve = 0.66, CI [0.57- 0.75], p = 0.001 and AUC = 0.60, CI [0.51- 0.69], p = 0.03, respectively). Conclusion: Sulodexide significantly improves long-lasting post-COVID-19 endothelial dysfunction and alleviates chest pain and palpitations.

Management of patients with cardiovascular diseases during Ramadan.

During the month of Ramadan, over one billion Muslims observe a water and food fast from sunrise to sunset. The practice of this religious duty causes marked changes in eating and sleeping habits. With the increasing incidence of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, the number of patients with CV pathologies who wish to fast is increasing worldwide, and in Tunisia, which is ranked as a high CV risk country. If fasting has been shown to be beneficial for the improvement of some metabolic parameters, its practice in patients with CV pathology remains debated. The Tunisian Society of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery (STCCCV) in consultation with the National Instance of Evaluation and Accreditation in Health (INEAS) has established this document in the form of a consensus after having analysed the literature with the aim of addressing these questions: -What is the impact of fasting in patients with CV pathologies? -How to stratify the risk of fasting according to CV pathology and comorbidities? -How to plan fasting in patients with CV diseases? -What are the hygienic and dietary measures to be recommended during fasting in patients with CV pathologies? -How to manage medication during the month of Ramadan in patients with CV diseases?