Serum soluble α-Klotho levels in patients with diabetic nephropathy.

BACKGROUND: The study aimed to determine the variability in the stages of diabetic nephropathy by examining specific biochemical functions associated with the target organ. As a result, various biochemical parameters were assessed in all of the groups under investigation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: These parameters encompassed soluble α-Klotho and serum insulin, which were determined through ELISA. Additionally, spectrophotometric methods were employed to assess other parameters such as blood levels of urea in all groups. Instead of using HPLC method, HbA1c levels were determined. Blood and urine samples were obtained from a total of 90 participants, who were aged between 37 and 70 years. A total of 70 patients were categorized into three groups according to their ACR. The first group consisted of patients with an ACR value of less than 30 mg/g. The second group included patients with an ACR value ranging from 30 to 300 mg/g. The third group comprised patients with an ACR value greater than 300 mg. Additionally, the study also involved 20 healthy individuals. RESULT: The serum soluble α-Klotho in the patient group was significantly lower than that of the healthy subjects. There were strong negative correlations between serum soluble α-Klotho and both ACR and HOMA-IR. The AUC value was excellent, measuring at 0.93 with a p < 0.0001. CONCLUSIONS: Soluble α-Klotho levels in the sera of diabetic patients were shown to be lower and significantly linked to patients with diabetic nephropathy. This implies that klotho levels may be influenced by ACR in addition to playing a significant role in insulin resistance.

A case-control study to evaluate irisin levels in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND: Irisin is a precious hormone-like myokine that plays a key role in glucose/energy expenditure and metabolic regulation This paper aimed to determine the irisin levels in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and their correlation with insulin therapy and glycaemic control. METHODS: Ninety type 1 diabetes mellitus patients were collected. The patients were subdivided into two groups: group I (37) newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus and group II (53) T1DM (on insulin injection); for comparison, 30 healthy individuals were included as control. The serum levels of irisin were estimated using ELISA. FSG and lipid profile were measured through spectrophotometrically. Glycated hemoglobin was determined using High-performance liquid chromatography. RESULT: Serum levels of irisin were significantly lower (P = 0.01), as compared to the control group. Also irisin level was significantly lower in group I compared to group II. Fasting serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and lipid profile were significantly elevated in patient groups compared to the control group. Serum irisin was negatively correlated to fasting serum glucose, and glycated hemoglobin, whereas it positively correlated to serum lipid profile. In multiple stepwise regression, only glycated hemoglobin (ß = - 0.600, P = 0.040) was determined as an independent predictor for predicting the irisin levels. The AUC was excellent (AUC = 0.996, P = 0.0001), with high diagnostic accuracy (88.2) in differentiating newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus from the healthy subject group. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated low irisin levels in type 1 diabetes mellitus and the association of the highest irisin amounts to an insulin therapy and a better glycaemic control. Furthermore, the measurement of irisin levels could be useful as laboratory markers to monitor type 1 diabetes mellitus severity and therapy response.

The link between serum neuregulin-1 and atherogenic index in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND: Neuregulin-1(NRG-1) is a protein that belongs to the group of epidermal growth factors. It plays vital roles in anti-fibrotic effects on the myocardium. The current paper explores the role of NRG-1 in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its relation to atherogenic index as a factor for increasing cardiovascular disease(CVD) risk. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study, 79 diabetes mellitus patients are independent insulin. These patients consisted of 53 females and 26 males their age were ranged 40-67 years. They were divided into two groups depending on the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP). Group I including48 diabetic patient with high risk of CVD and group II including 31 diabetic patients without risk CVD. Forty healthy individuals were included as control. RESULT: When compared to the control group, the serum levels of NRG-1 were significantly lower (p = 0.01). Additionally, group I had a much lower NRG-1level than group II. The results of multiple stepwise regression showed that the only independent predictor for NRG-1 level prediction was AIP (ß = - 0.600, P = 0.040). When comparing the diabetic patients with high risk factors for CVD to the healthy subject group, the AUC was outstanding (AUC = 0.889, P = 0.001) and had a high diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: We proved low NRG-1 levels in diabetic patients and the association of highest NRG-1 amounts to a better AIP. Moreover, the measurement of NRG-1 levels could be beneficial as laboratory markers to monitor for increasing CVD risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Nesfatin-1 - as a diagnosis regulatory peptide in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: One of the most common metabolic diseases, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), is caused by a combination of two basic factors: insufficient insulin secretion by pancreatic -cells or a failure of insulin-sensitive tissues to respond adequately to insulin. The aim of this paper was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of serum nesfatin-1 in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Sixty patients with T2DM were recruited from (Baquba Teaching Hospital) in Iraq during the period (from November 2021 - March 2022). T2DM group was classified into 30 newly diagnosis patients (without treatment) and 30 ongoing diabetic patients (with treatment) for comparison, as well 30 healthy individuals were included as a control. The ELISA Kit was used to measure serum nesfatin-1 and serum insulin, fasting serum glucose, and lipid profile test were measured through spectrophotometric, instead of HbA1c was determined using HPLC method. Results: The concentration of serum nesfatin-1 in the T2DM group was significantly lower than that of the healthy subjects (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference in the serum nestafin-1 concentrations between newly diagnosis and ongoing T2DM patients. There were substantial negative connections between serum Nesfatin-1 concentration and HOMA-IR, as well as strong negative correlations between serum nesfatin-1 and serum insulin level. The concentration of serum Nesfatin-1, on the other hand, had no significant association with the anthropometries measurements and biochemical parameters. The area under the curve was excellent (AUC = 0.827, p = 0.0001), with high diagnostic accuracy (86.2) in differentiating newly diagnosis T2DM from the healthy subject group. Conclusion: Nesfatin-1 levels in the sera of diabetic patients was shown to be lower and nesfatin-1 levels were shown to be significantly linked to newly diagnosed patients.