[Association of polymorphisms in SEC16B, DNAJC27, FTO and MC4R genes with overweight and obesity in Han preschool children].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of polymorphisms in SEC16B rs633715, DNAJC27 rs713586, FTO rs11642015 and MC4R rs6567160 with overweight and obesity in Han Chinese preschool children. METHODS: A total of 749 Han Chinese preschool children from Henan and Guizhou Province of Long-term Health Effects Assessment Project of Infants and Toddlers Nutritional Pack were selected for the study and divided into an overweight and obese group and a normal control group in 2022. rs633715, rs713586, rs11642015 and rs6567160 were genotyped using Kompetitive allele-specific PCR(KASP) technology. The distribution of genotypic polymorphisms was compared using the χ~2 test. The association between the four loci and overweight and obesity in preschool children was analyzed using a multifactorial logistic regression model. RESULTS: The statistical analysis revealed a significant disparity(P<0.05) in the distribution of genotypic polymorphisms of rs633715 and rs6567160 among preschoolers in Henan and Guizhou Province. CC heterozygous mutant and recessive models at rs633715 locus were associated with susceptibility to overweight and obesity in preschool children [OR and 95% CI 2.915(1.163-7.305), and 2.997(1.226-7.323), respectively, both P<0.05]. TC heterozygous mutant and dominant models at rs713586 locus were also associated susceptibility to overweight and obesity in preschool children(OR and 95% CI were 2.362(1.054-5.289)and 2.362(1.054-5.289), respectively, both P<0.05). rs11642015 and rs6567160 loci were not associated with susceptibility to overweight and obesity in preschool children(P>0.05). The result of the analysis of the cumulative effect of rs633715 and rs713586 showed that the number of genotypes carrying the risk genotype was positively associated with the risk of overweight and obesity in preschool children(P_(trend)<0.01). CONCLUSION: Among Han Chinese preschool children, SEC16B rs633715 and DNAJC27 rs713586 were associated with susceptibility to overweight and obesity in preschool children. Moreover, rs633715 and rs713586 had a cumulative effect on susceptibility to overweight and obesity in preschool children, the number of risk genotypes carried was positively associated with childhood overweight and obesity risk.

[Serum metabolomics of iron deficiency anemia in infants based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the differential metabolites in the serum of infants with iron deficiency anemia(IDA) and non iron deficiency anemia, and to explore the potential biomarkers. METHODS: Non-targeted metabolomics of 30 infants with iron deficiency anemia aged 6-11 months and 30 infants with non iron deficiency anemia aged 6-11 months were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with time of flight mass spectrometry using Acquity UPLC BEH C_(18) column(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 µm). The differences of metabolites between the two groups were analyzed by principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA). Differential metabolites were screened according to OPLS-DA variable importance projection(VIP) >1. The related metabolic pathways involved in the markers were analyzed based on the KEGG database. RESULTS: Differences in serum metabolic profiles between iron deficiency anemia group and non iron deficiency anemia group were observed. The 44 potential biomarkers were mainly lipids. Combined with pathway analysis, the metabolic pathways related to different metabolites included glycerophosphingolipid metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism. CONCLUSION: There are differences in lipid metabolites between infants with non iron deficiency anemia and iron deficiency anemia, suggesting that the occurrence and progress of iron deficiency anemia are related to lipid metabolism.

[Repairing effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus on ceftriaxone-induced intestinal dysbacteriosis in mice].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the repairing effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA11-Only on ceftriaxone induced intestinal micronbiota imbalance in mice and its alleviating effect on lipid metabolism. METHODS: A total of 30 SPF BALB/c male mice were randomly divided into control group(10) and model group(20). The model group was given ceftriaxone sodium solution by gavage for a week to create a mouse model of antibiotic flora disorder. The natural recovery group(10) was given 10% skimmed milk solution by gavage, and the LA11-Onlly group was given Lactobacillus acidophilus skimmed milk solution(1.0×10~9CFU/mL). Two weeks later, the feces were collected aseptically.16S rRNA sequencing technology and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS) were used to analyze the repair effect of LA11-Onlly on antibiotic induced bacterial flora disorder and lipid metabolism in mice. RESULTS: After ceftriaxone treatment, the diversity of intestinal microbiota in mice decreased, and there was a significant difference in the composition of flora compared with the control group; After treatment with LA11-Onlly, the Alpha diversity increased, the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Butyricicoccus increased, and the composition of flora was closer to the control group; At the same time, the concentration of short chain fatty acids(SCFAs) increased in varying degrees. Compared with the natural recovery group, the levels of butyric acid and valeric acid in LA11-Onlly group increased significantly, close to the same level as the control group. CONCLUSION: Lactobacillus acidophilus LA11-Onlly probiotics can inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria by regulating the diversity and community composition of intestinal microbiota, promote the increase of the concentration of SCFAs, and alleviate the damage of antibiotics to the body.

[Cost-benefit analysis on the intervention of application iron-fortified soy sauce for anemia in Deqing 15-54 years women, Zhejiang].

OBJECTIVE: To make a cost-benefit analysis on anemia intervention with iron-fortified soy sauce in 15-54 years old women. METHODS: The study was conducted in Deqing county, Zhejiang province in 2012-2013. A total 585 women as sampling size were estimated with statistical model and randomly selected by probability proportionate to size sampling. Hemoglobin were measured before intervention and after 15 months. The cost of the intervention project were collected with manpower, communication and other invest. The benefit was estimated with profiling model. RESULTS: After the intervention, the anemia prevalence of sampled women decreased from 31.1% to 21.9%(P<0.01). The major cost of the project was 156 400 RMB, and total benefits result ing from projects were 1 448 485 RMB. The cost-benefit ratio of the project is 1∶9.49. If investing one yuan can produce economic benefits of nearly 9.49 yuan, therefore, the intervention projectis worth to be scaling up. Sensitivity analysis showed the result of this study was stable. CONCLUSION: The intervention can significantly reduce the prevalence of anemia in women, and reduce the economic burden of the diseases. .

[Conditional optimization and methodological evaluation of liquid protein microarray in detecting cystatin C].

OBJECTIVE: To optimize the detection conditions and evaluate of cystatin C(CysC) by liquid protein microarray. METHODS: CysC was detected by double antibody sandwich method using liquid protein microarray. On the basis of determining the optimal concentration combination of captured antibody and detected antibody, the detection conditions were optimized by determining the biological detection limit and lower detection limit, drawing the S-shaped curve and judging the linear range, and establishing the standard curve and regression equation. Methodsologically evaluate the accuracy, precision, reportable range and analytical specificity of the detection method. RESULTS: The optimal concentration combinations of CycC trapping-detection antibodies were 26.6 µg/mL-1∶800. The lower limits of detection and biologic limits of detection of the CysC were 0.037 and 0.237 ng/mL, respectively. Regression equation were as followes: y=-3.315x~2+283.04x+160.89, R~2=0.9921. The relative bias of CysC which was detected on the liquid protein microarry was 5.81%. The dilution recovery and recovery were 70.35%-84.91%(n=3)and 79.94%-122.41%(n=3)respectively. The correlation coefficient of method ology comparison experiment was r=0.616, P<0.05, and there was no significant difference between the two method(t=0.948, P=0.358); The within-run precision range from 3.54% to 4.03%(n=10); The between-run precision range from 12.07% to 15.05%(D=5, n=3); The reportable range was 0.26-3784.04 ng/mL. The analysis of interference test result showed that the both concentrations of hemoglobin(160.00, 71.11 g/L) had interference to the result of CysC detected on the chip. CONCLUSION: This study completed the optimization of conditions and methodological evaluation of liquid protein microarray in detecting CysC.

[Analysis of diet structure of Kashin-beck disease area in Chamdo-Lhorong of Tibet in 2021].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate and compare the dietary structure between healthy people and patients in KBD area of Chamdo-Lhorong of Tibet. METHODS: A case-control study design was used, retrospectively select patients who had completed screening and registered in the national Kashin-Beck Disease surveillance system in 2021 in Luolong County, Qamdo, Tibet as the source population of the case group, and randomly selected people who had not been screened for Kashin-Beck disease in the same county as the control group. The self-made diet questionnaire was used to record the types of food consumption, frequency of food intake, basic information of the respondents, family size and other basic information in the past year by one-on-one interview. RESULTS: The staple food with the highest response among the patients(97.33%) was rice(rice/rice noodle), and the highest response among the healthy people(90%) was non-wheat products, non-fried pasta(bread/steamed bun/noodles/dumplings), except instant noodles.78.7% of patients chose not to eat local wheat(Tibetan noodles), and the number of non-patients who chose to eat non-local wheat(Tibetan noodles) 3-4 times a week was significantly higher than that of patients. The meat and meat products with the highest response in both patients(93.33%) and healthy people(90%) was yak meat(local). The control group also chose to consume beef(non-local/lamb/mutton/other non-processed meat), poultry and livestock offal, fish(all seawater and freshwater fish), shrimp and crabs or other seafood, and their consumption rate and intake frequency were significantly higher than those of the case group. The consumption rate and frequency of tomato, onion and garlic(garlic shoots/leek/onion/onion) and fresh eggs(egg/duck egg/quail egg/goose egg) in control group were significantly higher than those in case group. There was no significant difference in consumption rate and frequency of fruits, milk and dairy products between the two groups. CONCLUSION: In addition to the local highland barley(zanba), most people also chose to purchase rice and flour, which changed the situation of single staple food in the past. However, compared with the healthy population in the disease area, the consumption rate and intake frequency of fish, shrimp and crabs, poultry and livestock viscera, eggs(fresh eggs) and vegetables(tomatoes, scallions, ginger and garlic) in KBD patients were significantly lower, the selection of meat varieties is single, mainly local yak meat, and the overall dietary structure still presents the risk of single type and unbalanced diet.

Ultra-processed food intake is associated with grip strength decline in middle-aged and older adults: a prospective analysis of the TCLSIH study.

PURPOSE: Ultra-processed foods make up more than 50% of daily energy consumed in Western countries and are rapidly increasing in China. However, little is known about the association between ultra-processed food intake and muscle strength, a predictor for physical disability in senior years. We aimed to investigate the association of ultra-processed food intake with longitudinal changes in grip strength among middle-aged and older Chinese adults. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included a total of 5409 adults aged 40 years and over (61.3% men). Ultra-processed food intake was obtained by means of a validated food frequency questionnaire and classified according to the NOVA classification system. Grip strength was measured annually using a handheld digital dynamometer. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the association between ultra-processed food intake and annualized change in grip strength and weight-adjusted grip strength. RESULTS: In the fully adjusted models, annualized changes in grip strength and weight-adjusted grip strength per 10% increment in the proportion of ultra-processed foods in the diet were - 0.3708 kg (95% confidence interval - 0.5687, - 0.1730; P < 0.001) and - 0.0057 kg/kg (95% confidence interval - 0.0086, - 0.0029; P < 0.0001), respectively. In analyses stratified by age, sex, body mass index, physical activity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and healthy diet score, such associations were largely consistent in most subgroups (all P for interaction > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that higher ultra-processed food intake was associated with faster grip strength decline in middle-aged and older Chinese adults.

[Gut microbiota in Tibetan, Mongolian and Zhuang children aged 10-12 years old in 2016].

OBJECTIVE: To study the composition of gut microbiota of Tibetan, Mongolian and Zhuang children. METHODS: A total of 100 school-age children aged 10-12 were randomly selected from three ethnic groups in 2016, the Tibetan in Bayi County, Tibet, the Mongolian in Zha Qi, Inner Mongolia, and the Zhuang in Shanglin County, Nanning, Guangxi. Fecal samples were collected for high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis to compare the structural differences of gut microbiota of children from the three ethnic groups in the above areas. RESULTS: The result of α diversity analysis showed that the diversity and richness of gut microbiota of children from three ethnic groups in the surveyed area were different in pairwise comparison. The dominant phyla and genera of Tibetan children's gut bacteria are Firmicutes(54.01%), Bacteroidetes(31.13%), Prevotella(15.72%) and Faecalibacterium(15.46%). The dominant phyla and genera of Mongolian children's gut bacteria are Firmicutes(54.89%), Bacteroidetes(17.85%), Proteobacteria(15.99%), Faecalibacterium(20.84%) and Escherichia(17.52%). While in Zhuang children, the dominant phyla and genera are Firmicutes(50.86%), Bacteroidetes(34.74%), Prevotella(18.40%), Bacteroides(17.78%) and Faecalibacterium(14.68%). CONCLUSION: The composition and structure of gut microbiota of Tibetan and Zhuang children in the three regions are similar, while the structure of gut microbiota of Mongolian children is obviously different from those of the first two regions.

[Cost-benefit analysis of Ying Yang Bao (YYB) intervention in 6 to 23 months rural infants].

OBJECTIVE: To study on the cost-benefit from anemia and stunting reduction of Ying Yang Bao(YYB) intervention in 6 to 23 months rural infants in the six counties of Shanxi, Hubei and Yunnan provinces. METHODS: YYB was distributed to 6-23 months infants in 6 counties by YYB nutrition intervention project. The numbers of childhood recovered from stunting and anemia was collected by a designed project monitoring plan. The cost-benefit was analyzed with PROFILING model as a nutritional microeconomic tool. RESULTS: Total numbers of monitored infants was 10 672 while the total cost of YYB intervention was estimated 2.57 million RMB. From 2012 to 2020, the total benefit was 14.92 million RMB from recover of stunting and anemia by YYB project and the average cost-benefit ratio of 6 counties was 1∶5.8. Sensitivity analysis showed the result of this study was stable. CONCLUSION: The YYB nutrition intervention for infants aged 6-23 months in the six counties of Shanxi, Hubei and Yunnan provinces showed a high cost-benefit ratio.

[Prevalence of anemia in infants and children aged 6-23 months at different altitudes in poverty-stricken areas in China].

OBJECTIVE: To describe the hemoglobin and prevalence of anemia among 6-23 months infants at different elevations in poor rural areas in China. METHODS: The monitoring data in the year 2018 from the Children Nutrition Improvement Project in Poor Areas of China was used for the analysis, which covered 19 provinces and 42 938 infants of 6-23 months. Hemoglobin was tested by Hemoque method with blood drop from finger tips. The altitude of the residence regions was divided into eight parts. Analysis of variance was used to compare the mean values among the altitude groups, and chi-square test was used to compare the prevalence of anaemia. RESULTS: The data from 42 938 6-23 months infants was under analysis, among them 22 207(51.7%)were boys and 20 731(48.4%)girls. 27 208(63.4%)infants and children were located in the areas under 1000 meters whose average hemoglobin was 11.8 g/dL and the prevalence of anemia was 18.7%. There were 15 730(36.6%)infants living in areas higher than 1000 meters. The anemia rate ranged from 31.3% to 83.6% in all aged groups when altitude& gt; 2500 m that were noticeable higher than that of lower altitude regions. With the increase of altitude, the adjusted anemic rate showed an obvious upward trend. 6-11 months infants showed higher anemia rate compared with other groups. CONCLUSION: The incidence of anemia among children aged 6 to 23 months in poor areas of China is severe, among which infants living at an altitude of more than 2500 meters have a higher prevalence of anemia.

[Nutrition status of pregnant women and lactating mothers in rural areas of four counties in Guizhou and Henan Provinces].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the levels of serum ferritin(SF), transferrin receptor(sTfR), vitamin D(VD), folate(FOL), vitamin B_(12)(VB_(12)) and homocysteine(Hcy) of pregnant women and lactating mothers in rural areas, aiming to evaluate the nutritional status of pregnant women and lactating mothers. METHODS: By using a cluster sampling method, the subjects were the pregnant women at 10-20 weeks& apos; gestation and lactating mothers at 42±7 days& apos; postpartum who have been to the maternal and children health hospital in the county for examination from August 2019 to March 2020. SF, VD, VB_(12) and FOL concentrations were determined using the chemiluminescence assay. Hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hsCRP) and sTfR levels were determined using the immunoturbidimetry assay. Hcy levels were determined using the enzymatic assay. The rates of iron, vitamin D, folic acid, VB_(12) deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia(HHcy) were calculated. RESULTS: There were 1050 pregnant women and 309 lactating mothers involved. The levels of ferritin and sTfR were 49. 6(47. 1-52. 3) ng/mL and 2. 51(2. 46-2. 56) mg/L for the pregnant women, and 51. 0(46. 6-55. 9) ng/mL and 3. 53(3. 40-3. 67) mg/L for the lactating mother, respectively. The prevalence of iron deficiency in lactating mothers was significantly higher than the pregnant women(33. 0% vs. 24. 7%). The levels of VD were 17. 0(16. 6-17. 4) ng/mL for pregnant women and 16. 7(16. 0-17. 4) ng/mL for lactating mothers. The prevalence of VD deficiency was 64. 5% and 68. 9%, respectively. The level of FOL for pregnant women was significantly higher than the lactating mothers(11. 3(10. 9-11. 7)vs. 5. 7(5. 3-6. 1) ng/mL). The levels of VB_(12) for pregnant women was significantly lower than the lactating mother(282. 7(276. 1-289. 5) vs. 437. 7(418. 7-457. 6) pg/mL). The levels of Hcy for pregnant women was significantly lower than the lactating mother(7. 1(7. 0-7. 3) vs. 10. 5(10. 0-10. 9) µmol/L). The prevalence of FOL deficiency, VB_(12) deficiency and HHcy were 5. 0%, 17. 2% and 5. 0% for pregnant women and 29. 8%, 2. 3% and 27. 8% for lactating mothers, which were significant different between pregnant women and lactating mothers(P& lt; 0. 05). Among the four nutrients including iron, VD, folate and VB_(12), 75. 8% of pregnant women were deficient in at least one nutrient and 28. 1% were deficient in at least two nutrients. 81. 9% of lactating mothers were deficient in at least one nutrient and 41. 4% were deficient in at least two nutrients. CONCLUSION: There were various degrees of nutrient deficiency. Iron deficiency rates were high and VD deficiency were severe in both pregnant women and lactating mothers. In addition, the rates of folate deficiency and HHcy were high in lactating mothers in rural areas.

[Study on infant and young children complementary feeding in poor rural regions in China].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze complementary feeding status and issues among 6-23 month infants and young children(IYC) in poor rural regions in China to figure out actions further IYC nutrition in China. METHODS: Using 2018 monitoring data from Project of Children Nutrition Improvement in Poor Rural Regions, 6-23 months infants were sampled with the method of a combination of provincial stratification, multi-stage stratified cluster, PPS and random equidistant. Complementary feeding practices were collected by 24 hours diet recall method and and parental knowledge on IYC feeding was collected by KAP questionnaire. Complementary diet was analyzed according to the World Health Organization& apos; s definition of infant and young child feeding indicators. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of minimum acceptable diet(MAD). RESULTS: A total of 40 910 infants(boys 21 153, girls 19 757) completed the survey. The proportion of infants 6-8 months of age who receive solid, semi-solid foods was 83.8%, the percentage of IYC who get minimum dietary diversity(MDD), minimum meal frequency(MMF), and MAD was 67.8%, 71.4% and 39.7%, respectively. The age of months, mother& apos; s educational level and parent& apos; s nutrition and feeding knowledge had significant impact on the outcome of MAD. The OR for month& apos; s age were 1.990 and 1.905(P& lt; 0.001), OR for mother education level was 1. 545(P& lt; 0.001) and OR for parent knowledge were 1.114 and 1.346(P& lt; 0.001). CONCLUSION: Complementary feeding practices were poor in terms of the proportion of infants 6-8 months of age who introduced complementary foods, MDD, MMF and MAD in poor region of China.

[Effect of Yingyangbao intervention in 6 to 23 months infants in six counties from Shanxi, Hubei and Yunnan Provinces].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of Yingyangbao(YYB) intervention in 6-23 months infants in six poor counties from Shanxi, Hubei and Yunnan Provinces. METHODS: Probability proportionate to size sampling method was used to extract townships and villages, and random isometric sampling was used to select monitored infants. A baseline survey was completed in 2012. Yingyangbao was delivered to all the infants in the counties through a registration system started in 2013 and then the delivering has been continuously conducted to the infants according to their age. The cross sectional sampled infants were monitored and evaluated of the effect in 2014 and 2015 respectively. Using synthetic clustering grouping method, the infants were divided into quasi-control group(YYB-NG), YYB intervention group(YYB-FG)for comparative analysis to eliminate the effect of YYB intervention. Multiple linear regression analysis were used to establish the dose-effect relationship between YYB intervention, other factors and main nutrition indices. RESULTS: A total of 4809 individuals were included in this study, among which data of 2273 individuals were included in the YYB-NG and 2536 data were included in the YYB-FG. The body length of YYB-FG and YYB-NG was 77.6 cm and 75.9 cm, respectively. Stunting rates of YYB-FG and YYB-NG were 6. 8% and 10. 3%, respectively. Hb levels and anemia rates of YYB-FG and YYB-NG were 121. 3 g/L, 117. 1 g/L and 21. 2%, 32. 1% respectively, with statistically significant difference(P& lt; 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in body weight between the groups. Multiple linear regression showed that YYB intervention has a significant quantitative relationship with body length, Hb, HAZ. The regression also implied that the influencing factor including month-age, gender, birth-height, birth-weight, minimum dietary diversity, caregiver educational background have a significant relationship with nutrition improvement. CONCLUSION: YYB intervention can effectively improve the body length, Hb and HAZ, while reduce stunting rate and anemia rate of IYC in the intervention area.

[Optimization of platform conditions for simultaneous detection of multiple nutritional marker proteins by liquid protein microarray].

OBJECTIVE: To optimize the technical conditions for simultaneous detection of serum ferritin(SF), soluble transferrin receptor(sTfR), C-reactive protein(CRP)and retinol-binding protein four(RBP4)by liquid protein microarray. METHODS: The trapping antibodies of the four proteins were coupled to magnetic beads with different codes, and the samples were added to the 96-well plate. The antibodies were detected by double antibody sandwich method. The serum of 5 patients were diluted with commercial diluent, 1% albumin from bovine serum(BSA) and phosphate buffer saline(PBS) to detect 4 target proteins, and the results were compared. The antibody specific binding ability was tested by antibody specific validation test. The interference between proteins was verified by the paired t test of the signal values of the single reaction system and the mixed reaction system. The lower limit of detection and the limit of biological detection of each protein were found by using multiple dilution method. The standard curve and regression equation were established. RESULTS: 1%BSA and PBS were selected to replace commercial diluent as diluents for the detection of 4 proteins in this experiment. The cross-reaction rate of the four antigens with other capture antibodies and detection antibodies was less than 2%. There was no significant difference in the signal value of each protein in the single reaction system and the mixed reaction system. The limit of detection and the limit of biological detection of SF were 1.155 and 1.625 ng/mL, respectively. The lower limit of detection and the limit of biological detection of sTfR were 2.682 and 5.208 ng/mL, respectively. The detection limit and biological detection limit of CRP were 0.302 and 0.391 ng/mL, respectively. The lower limit of detection and the limit of biological detection for RBP4 were 1.814 and 3.540 ng/mL, respectively. The standard curve and regression equation of the four proteins within the common linear range were as follows: SF y=172.5x-39.65, R~2=0.9968;sTfR y=60.10x+77.38, R~2=0.9972;CRP y=-6.000x~2+210.3x+246.1, R~2=0.9063;RBP4 y=-0.6998x~2+64.31x+134.8, R~2=0.9748. CONCLUSION: The conditions of the detection platform for four proteins such as SF, sTfR, CRP and RBP4 were optimized by using liquid protein chip technology.

[Comparative study of the detection of serum folate with improved microbial assay and electrochemiluminescence method].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the result of serum folate determined by improved microbial assay and electrochemiluminescence method, and to look for the relationship between them, so as to provide basis for the assessment of nutrition status of folate in population. METHODS: A total of 258 serum samples were examined by improved microbial assay and electrochemiluminescence method. The correlation and consistence of the two method were analyzed. RESULTS: The result showed that the correlation coefficient of the two method was 0. 885, which indicated that the result of two method were highly correlated. Results of Bland-Altman method showed that 94. 5% of the values were within the consistency limit, and the Kappa value of Kappa test was 0. 665. The result of consistency analysis showed that there were some differences between the two methods, and the result of serum folate tested by improved microbial assay were higher than that of electrochemiluminescence method in general. CONCLUSION: The result of serum folate tested by electrochemiluminescence were highly correlated with the improved microbial assay, yet there are some differences in the consistency result between the two methods. Evaluating the nutrition status of folate by electrochemiluminescence may lead to a higher number of folate deficiency.

The effect of folic acid deficiency on FGF pathway via Brachyury regulation in neural tube defects.

Folate deficiency in early development leads to disturbance in multiple processes, including neurogenesis during which fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathway is one of the crucial pathways. Whether folic acid (FA) directly affects FGF pathways to influence neurodevelopment and the possible mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we presented evidence that in human FA-insufficient encephalocele, the FGF pathway was interfered. Furthermore, in Brachyury knockout mice devoid of such T-box transcription factors regulating embryonic neuromesodermal bipotency and a key component of FGF pathway, change in expression of Brachyury downstream targets, activator Fgf8 and suppressor dual specificity phosphatase 6 was detected, along with the reduction in expression of other key FGF pathway genes. By using a FA-deficient cell model, we further demonstrated that decrease in Brachyury expression was through alteration in hypermethylation at the Brachyury promoter region under FA deficiency conditions, and suppression of Brachyury promoted the inactivation of the FGF pathway. Correspondingly, FA supplementation partially reverses the effects seen in FA-deficient embryoid bodies. Lastly, in mice with maternal folate-deficient diets, aberrant FGF pathway activity was found in fetal brain dysplasia. Taken together, our findings highlight the effect of FA on FGF pathways during neurogenesis, and the mechanism may be due to the low expression of Brachyury gene via hypermethylation under FA-insufficient conditions.-Chang, S., Lu, X., Wang, S., Wang, Z., Huo, J., Huang, J., Shangguan, S., Li, S., Zou, J., Bao, Y., Guo, J., Wang, F., Niu, B., Zhang, T., Qiu, Z., Wu, J., Wang, L. The effect of folic acid deficiency on FGF pathway via Brachyury regulation in neural tube defects.

[Geographical distribution characteristics of one carbon metabolic pathway related single nucleotide polymorphisms].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze geographical distribution characteristics of folate metabolism related single nucleotide polymorphisms. METHODS: This work made a statistical analysis of MTHFR and MTRR gene polymorphism distribution about Chinese Han and minority childbearing age women in 16 provinces and 2 municipalities from 64 published Chinese literatures, depicted the regional distributive characteristics of the two gene polymorphisms, and analyzed the association with neural tube defects status for a long time in China. RESULTS: By summarizing and analyzing single nucleotide polymorphisms of MTHFR C677 T in Chinese Han and minority childbearing age women in 16 provinces and 2 municipalities, the results showed that MTHFR 677 TT and 677 T allele frequency increased steadily from south to north, MTHFR 1298 CC occupied a very small proportion. Through interaction analysis of A1298 C and C677 T, the result showed that two genes presented a linkage imbalance, and TT/AA frequency distribution presented a gradually decreasing trend from north to south, and there were no TT/AC, TT/CC, and CT/CC nationwide, it was found that MTRR 66 AA accounted from 34% to 58%, with the northern part slightly higher than the southern part. And MTRR 66 GG was between 5% and 17%. CONCLUSION: We could pay attention to gene polymorphism risk assessment to reduce neural tube defects for childbearing age women, in order to provide powerful human genetics data support for improving the birth population quality and national public health policy.

[Construction and identification of stable hFcεRIαßγ/RBL-2H3 cells for food allergy assessment].

OBJECTIVE: To establish an rat basophil leukemia(RBL)-2H3 cell line stably expressing human high affinity receptor containing alpha, beta and gamma chain(hFcεRIαßγ), in order to provide experimental materials for evaluating allergenicity of food. METHODS: The lentivirus was transfected into RBL-2H3 cells, and the mRNA expression of hFcεRIαßγ in cells was detected by real-time PCR and the protein expression of hFcεRIα was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Sequencing result showed that recombinant lentiviral vector GV367-hFcεRIαßγ was successfully constructed. According to the result of experiments, lentivirus could effectively infect RBL-2H3 cells. The mRNA of hFcεRIαßγ and protein levels of hFcεRIα in RBL-2H3 cells were successfully overexpressed. CONCLUSION: The hFcεRIαßγ/RBL-2H3 cells were preliminarily constructed, which could be binded with human IgE and further used in the evaluation system of food allergy, compared to RBL-2H3 cells.

[Effects of nutrition package on intestinal flora of infants by high-throughput sequencing].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of nutrition package on intestinal flora of infants aged 6-24 months. METHODS: A total of 118 infants in Songxian County and Ruyang County of Henan Province, 60 infants in Songxian County with nutrition package coverage, and 58 infants in Ruyang County of the control county were selected for the long-term effects of early childhood nutrition package intervention project in 2018. All infant faeces were collected, and the composition and abundance of intestinal flora were analyzed and compared by high-throughput sequencing technology. RESULTS: The Alpha diversity of intestinal flora in the nutrition package intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group. Firmicutes were on the rise in the nutrition package intervention group of infants aged 6-24 months. The abundance of Prevotella in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group. The abundance of Faecalibacterium and Bacteroides in the nutrition package treatment group for infants aged 12 to 17 months was significantly higher than that of the control group, while the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Prevotella was significantly lower than that of the control group. Lactobacillus was significantly less abundant in the 18-24 month old infant nutrition package intervention group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: Nutrition package can improve the diversity of intestinal flora, also play an important role in promoting the balance of intestinal flora of infants.

[Influence of altitude on hemoglobin levels and determination of the adjusting values].

OBJECTIVE: To establish the relationship between hemoglobin level of 6-23 month infants and altitude of their living places, and to determine the adjusting hemoglobin values for infants in high altitude areas. METHODS: Conduct this study by using available data from Improvement of Nutrition in Children in Poor Rural Regions. 6-23 months infants were sampled with the method of combined multi-stage stratified cluster, PPS and random equidistant. Questionnaires were used to collect data of infants and their families, feeding practices and nutrition knowledge of caretakers. The weight and length were measured by the intelligent physical examination instrument. Hemoglobin was tested by HemoCue method with blood drop from finger tips. Altitude was checked by the residence regions. Linear regressions were used to analyze the relation quotation of hemoglobin and altitude, adjusting hemoglobin values were determined with the quotation. A comparison was observed among adjusting method of CDC, Dirren and the established. RESULTS: A total of 24 938 infants at age of 6-23 months were sampled from 140 counties, in 19 provinces in 2018. Data were from 22 207 male accounting for 51. 7% and 20 731 female, 48. 3%. The weight, height and hemoglobin were(77. 6±6. 2)cm, (9. 91±1. 62)kg and 11. 9 g/dL respectively. The altitude ranges from 10 m to 4236 m, averagely 893. 4 m. Anemia rates of the infants and adjusted with method from CDC, Dirren and this study were 18. 9%, 27. 5%, 22. 7% and 20. 3%, showing remarkable adjusting effect. This study obtained adjusting Hb value for 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 m were 0. 1, 0. 3, 0. 6 and 1. 2 g/dL respectively and noticeably lower than that of suggested by WHO. CONCLUSION: Adjusting hemoglobin values of 6-23 months were different from the used values.