Superoxide dismutases: a physiopharmacological update.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known participants in several cellular processes. Superoxide anion radical, one example of ROS, forms as a result of normal cellular respiration and is usually cleared successfully by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and other radical scavengers. However, when superoxide exceeds the clearance capacity of SOD and other ROS scavengers, superoxide initiates a number of pathologic processes. This review examines pathologies involving superoxide, including: cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and inflammation. We will also explore the basic science principles of superoxide and SOD, including: SOD evolution, SOD mutations, biochemistry, physiology, and pathophysiology. In reviewing the basic science, clinical pathology, and therapeutic research, we hope to clearly demonstrate plausible pharmacologic targets of action. We have revised data about basic science, clinical pathology and therapeutic research in an effort to propose plausible pharmacological targets of action. The understanding of these aspects is critical in the accomplishment of a successful clinical intervention.

Minocycline and cytoprotection: shedding new light on a shadowy controversy.

In this review we explore and integrate the knowledge of the plausible pharmacological targets that could explain the new application for the well known semi-synthetic, tetracycline-derivate minocycline as a cytoprotective drug. In doing so, we will analyze the possible mechanisms to elucidate the potential cytoprotective properties of minocycline. We address its anti-oxidant action ranging from its structure to its capacity to modulate the expression of oxidant-related enzymes such as nitric oxide synthase. The pharmacological targets responsible for its anti-inflammatory effects are surveyed. The effects of this antibiotic are making its marks on intracellular pathways related to neurodegenerative processes such as mitochondrially-mediated apoptosis, including minocycline-modulated effects on the expression of apoptotic proteins. Finally, we will explore the effects of minocycline on metalloproteinases, enzymes implicated in the modulation of cerebrovascular post-ischemic oxidative reperfusion injury, and new targets. In conclusion, we shed new light on the shadowy controversy of minocycline's potential cytoprotective mechanisms and targets of action.

Stroke pathophysiology: management challenges and new treatment advances.

Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the first cause of lost disability-adjusted years in developed countries. During the past decade, new developments in thrombolytic therapy have led to the implementation of emergency intervention protocols for the treatment of ischemic stroke, replacing the widespread sense of therapeutic nihilism in the past. Treatment with rtPA has shown to be effective within the first 3 hours following stroke onset and the FDA and the European Medical Agency (EMEA) have approved its use. Acknowledging the urgency and intricacies of stroke, Stroke Units allow the monitoring of physiological parameters in the acute phase of stroke and are considered an important management tool that can significantly improve the quality of care provided to the patient. The concept of neuroprotective therapy for acute ischemic stroke to salvage tissue at risk and improve functional outcome is based on sound scientific principles and extensive preclinical animal studies demonstrating efficacy. However, most neuroprotective drugs in clinical trials have failed, possibly due to inadequate preclinical testing or flawed clinical development programs. Several new treatment strategies are under development and are being tested. This review is directed at understanding the management of acute ischemic stroke pathophysiology. We address the management challenges and new treatment advances by integrating the knowledge of possible pharmacological targets for acute ischemic stroke. We hope to shed new light upon the controversy surrounding the management of acute ischemic stroke in an attempt to elucidate why failed clinical trials continue to occur despite promising neuroprotective preclinical studies.

Superoxide dismutases: a physiopharmacological update

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known participants in several cellular processes.Superoxide anion radical, one example of ROS, forms as a result of normal cellularrespiration and is usually cleared successfully by superoxide dismutase (SOD) andother radical scavengers. However, when superoxide exceeds the clearance capacityof SOD and other ROS scavengers, superoxide initiates a number of pathologicprocesses. This review examines pathologies involving superoxide, including: cancer,neurodegenerative diseases, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and inflammation. Wewill also explore the basic science principles of superoxide and SOD, including: SODevolution, SOD mutations, biochemistry, physiology, and pathophysiology. Inreviewing the basic science, clinical pathology, and therapeutic research, we hope toclearly demonstrate plausible pharmacologic targets of action. We have revised dataabout basic science, clinical pathology and therapeutic research in an effort to proposeplausible pharmacological targets of action. The understanding of these aspectsis critical in the accomplishment of a successful clinical intervention(AU)

Stroke pathophysiology: management challenges and new treatment advances

No disponible

Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the first cause of lost disabilityadjustedyears in developed countries. During the past decade, new developments inthrombolytic therapy have led to the implementation of emergency intervention protocolsfor the treatment of ischemic stroke, replacing the widespread sense of therapeuticnihilism in the past. Treatment with rtPA has shown to be effective within thefirst 3 hours following stroke onset and the FDA and the European Medical Agency(EMEA) have approved its use. Acknowledging the urgency and intricacies of stroke,Stroke Units allow the monitoring of physiological parameters in the acute phase ofstroke and are considered an important management tool that can significantlyimprove the quality of care provided to the patient. The concept of neuroprotectivetherapy for acute ischemic stroke to salvage tissue at risk and improve functional outcomeis based on sound scientific principles and extensive preclinical animal studiesdemonstrating efficacy. However, most neuroprotective drugs in clinical trials havefailed, possibly due to inadequate preclinical testing or flawed clinical developmentprograms. Several new treatment strategies are under development and are being tested.This review is directed at understanding the management of acute ischemic strokepathophysiology. We address the management challenges and new treatmentadvances by integrating the knowledge of possible pharmacological targets for acuteischemic stroke. We hope to shed new light upon the controversy surrounding themanagement of acute ischemic stroke in an attempt to elucidate why failed clinicaltrials continue to occur despite promising neuroprotective preclinical studies (AU)

Stroke pathophysiology: management challengesand new treatment advances

Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the first cause of lost disabilityadjustedyears in developed countries. During the past decade, new developments inthrombolytic therapy have led to the implementation of emergency intervention protocolsfor the treatment of ischemic stroke, replacing the widespread sense of therapeuticnihilism in the past. Treatment with rtPA has shown to be effective within thefirst 3 hours following stroke onset and the FDA and the European Medical Agency(EMEA) have approved its use. Acknowledging the urgency and intricacies of stroke,Stroke Units allow the monitoring of physiological parameters in the acute phase ofstroke and are considered an important management tool that can significantlyimprove the quality of care provided to the patient. The concept of neuroprotectivetherapy for acute ischemic stroke to salvage tissue at risk and improve functional outcomeis based on sound scientific principles and extensive preclinical animal studiesdemonstrating efficacy. However, most neuroprotective drugs in clinical trials havefailed, possibly due to inadequate preclinical testing or flawed clinical developmentprograms. Several new treatment strategies are under development and are being tested.This review is directed at understanding the management of acute ischemic strokepathophysiology. We address the management challenges and new treatmentadvances by integrating the knowledge of possible pharmacological targets for acuteischemic stroke. We hope to shed new light upon the controversy surrounding themanagement of acute ischemic stroke in an attempt to elucidate why failed clinicaltrials continue to occur despite promising neuroprotective preclinical studies (AU)

No disponble