Zygmunt Kramsztyk (1849-1920) - the most outstanding medical philosopher among Polish ophthalmologists of the 19th and 20th centuries.

Zygmunt Kramsztyk (1849-1920) was a Polish ophthalmologist of Jewish origin, the founder of the ,,Medical Critique" magazine. He studied medicine at the Main School of Warsaw and Imperial University of Warsaw, graduating in 1 872, and completed his PhD in 1879 submitting the dissertation entitled "On changes perceived in eyes of leukaemic patients". From 1880 to 1904 he was the head of the Ophthalmic Ward at the Orthodox Jew Hospital in Warsaw. In 1898 he was appointed the chief physician in that hospital, remaining in this role for the next 4 years. Zygmunt Kramsztyk wrote critiques, essays and popular science articles. He penned many works on ophthalmology. He also wrote a textbook entitled "Clinical symptoms of eye diseases".