1-Methyl-5-(4-methyl-phen-yl)-3-oxo-cyclo-hexane-1-carbonitrile.

In the title mol-ecule, C(15)H(17)NO, the cyclo-hexane ring adopts a chair conformation. The cyano and methyl groups at position 1 have axial and equatorial orientations, respectively. The benzene ring has an equatorial orientation. A C-H⋯π inter-action involving the benzene ring is found in the crystal structure.

5-(4-Chloro-phen-yl)-1-methyl-3-oxocyclo-hexa-necarbonitrile.

In the title mol-ecule, C(14)H(14)ClNO, the cyclo-hexane ring adopts a chair conformation. The cyano group and the methyl group have axial and equatorial orientations, respectively. The benzene ring has an equatorial orientation. A C-H⋯π inter-action involving the benzene ring is found in the crystal structure.

3-Methyl-5-(3-phenoxy-phen-yl)cyclo-hex-2-enone.

In the title mol-ecule, C(19)H(18)O(2), the cyclo-hexene ring adopts an envelope conformation, with all substituents equatorial. The dihedral angle between the benzene and phenyl rings is 83.75 (16)°. No classical hydrogen bonds are found in the crystal structure.

3-Methyl-5-(4-methyl-phen-yl)cyclo-hex-2-enone.

In the title mol-ecule, C(14)H(16)O, the cyclo-hexene ring adopts an envelope conformation, with all substituents equatorial. Mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. A C-H⋯π inter-action involving the benzene ring is also found in the crystal structure. The H atoms of both methyl groups are disordered equally over two positions.

Nanoparticles of nickel oxide and nickel hydroxide using lyophilisomes of fibrinogen as template.

Stable lyophilisomes of fibrinogen at pH 7.5 have been prepared by the method of a rapid freezing-heating and annealing sequence. Reduction of the lyophilisomes of the nickel-fibrinogen complex coated on solid substrates and subsequent heating showed formation of nickel hydroxide and finally nickel oxide. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy has been used to monitor the thin films of pure fibrinogen microcapsules, as well as the subsequent nucleation and growth of nanoparticles within the supramolecular structure. Transmission electron microscopy showed initially a thread-like structure which disappeared on continued heating, resulting in nanoparticles ranging from 10 to 50 nm. Particle-size distribution of product was analyzed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the corresponding selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) N(2) adsorption. The results suggest that the NiO particles have a body-centered cubic structure and are well dispersed. The particle-size distribution ranges from 10 to 50 nm with an average particle size about 28 nm, and the specific surface area is 34 m(2)/g. Magnetic study carried out on the prepared nanoparticles showed a ferromagnetic behavior.

Chemiluminescence sandwich enzyme immunoassay for determination of human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF).

A chemiluminescence sandwich enzyme immunoassay, using a glucose oxidase (GO) label, was developed for detecting attomole amounts of human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). Purified goat (F(ab')2 immobilized on a bead and purified goat Fab' labelled with GO were selected in combination with a chemiluminescent detection system comprising luminol and ferricyanide. The detection limits for G-CSF were 4amol/assay (1 pg/mL) in buffer solution and 10 amol/assay (2.5pg/mL) in human serum. Coefficients of variation within assay and between assay ranged from 5.5% to 7.8% and from 3.4% to 16.0%, respectively. The C-CSF content of serum from normal healthy individuals was measurable using this method. G-CSF in 24 normal human sera showed a mean value of 19.3pg/mL and ranged from 3.6 to 83.0pg/mL.