[Long-term care facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic : Considerations on the way back to normality]. / Langzeitpflegeeinrichtungen in der COVID-19-Pandemie : Überlegungen auf dem Weg zurück in die Normalität.

Long-term care facilities (LTCF) were and are particularly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The dimensions of the outbreaks and the high mortality among residents led to massive restrictions in LTCFs, especially in the area of social contacts and activities but also in areas of medical care. With the start of vaccinations and the improved testing options, the situation has now changed and existing restrictions must be evaluated to determine whether they are still appropriate. In an interprofessional and interdisciplinary group of experts, considerations have been formulated on how a way back to normality could look like in LTCFs.

[Breast diseases (fibroadenomas, mastopathies, breast cancers) in hormonal contraception]. / Brustdrüsenerkrankungen (Fibroadenome, Mastopathien, Mammakarzinome) unter hormonaler Kontrazeption.

282 female patients with histologically confirmed fibroadenomas (71), mastopathies (187) and breast carcinomas (24) were questioned for hormonal contraception. 144 women had taken oral steroid contraceptive pills, 138 denied such treatment. Statistically significant differences could not be observed in the occurrence of the breast diseases studied. Under hormonal contraception, fibroadenomas were found in 28% (without contraception in 22%), simple mastopathies in 41% (without in 40%), proliferative mastopathies in 22% (without in 30%) and mammary carcinomas in 9% (without in 8%) of the corresponding cases. The histological finding of a so-called apocrine metaplasia was found in all the diseases (except carcinomas) more frequent in the contraceptive group. Histometrically, the breast parenchyma showed a changing lobular hyperplasia under hormonal contraception in all the disease groups studied. An influence of questioned gynecological risk factors for a breast carcinoma was not striking in the women with and without hormonal contraception.

[Diagnostic strategy in diseases of the small intestine]. / Diagnosestrategie bei Erkrankungen des Dünndarms.

For the most frequent and important indications for radiologic examination of the small bowel (passage disorder, blood of unknown origin, inflammatory processes, malabsorption) a diagnostic strategy was established. From the contrast investigations the imaging of the small bowel with a tube, enteroclysma, is preferred. The significance of plain films and sonography is also pointed out. Computed tomography and angiography are rarely indicated. The recommendation of enteroclysma is substantiated by the evaluation of our own series of investigations.

[The occurrence of Salmonellae in organic fertilizer]. / Zum Vorkommen von Salmonellen in organischen Düngern.

Out of 24 samples of organic and organic-chemical fertilizers which were bought in retail stores ("Bio-Fertilizers") in 25% salmonellas and in 12.5% Clostridium perfringens were isolated. In each of the fertilizers, from which these pathogens were cultivated, products from animal origin were part of the ingredients. In the majority of the cases these were animal fecal residues but also blood meal and horn shavings. The epidemiological importance of these findings is discussed. It is appealed to the legislature to bring the ordinance on fertilizers to bear which demands "rendering to hygienically safe products". It is further necessary to lay down relevant executive orders for the hygienic control of the fertilizers and the supervision of the production plants. This is especially important in the context of the aim to check salmonellosis of man and animals.

[Diagnostic strategy in pancreatic tumors]. / Diagnosestrategie bei Pankreastumoren.

In 62 patients with proven pancreatic tumours in a joint retrospective study the sequence of diagnostic imaging methods was analysed. Their diagnostic value was evaluated according to their contribution to final diagnosis and a diagnostic strategy was derived. A valuable primary investigation is sonography. It should be complemented, according to the specific question, by ERCP, PTC and CT. The investigation with barium meal is a complementing method for the differentiation of epigastric disorders. Biopsy of the tumour for histologic purposes should be done as early as possible. A first guiding diagnosis was obtained with ultrasound in 50% of the cases, in 53% of them already with the first examination. In 23% of the patients, however, the final diagnosis was established not before surgery or dissection.