Early diagnostic and prognostic criteria for health disorders in chemical workers.

The production of synthetic materials - fiberglass and rubber-technical products, as well as products derived from oil refining wastes continues to grow. A characteristic feature of the working conditions of these enterprises is the content of chemicals of hazard class 1-4, which may be potentially hazardous to workers. It imperative to justify prenosological laboratory criteria for health problems of manufacturing workers. The results of the hematological, biochemical, immunological and cytochemical parameters among manufacturing workers are presented. Significant changes in the processes of oxidative metabolism, lipid metabolism, impaired immune status, and intracellular enzyme activity were found in a significant proportion of the workers. Changes were detected in workers even with a short work experience (5 years) and of young age (20-30 years). With an increase in the occupational length of service, the frequency of these disorders increased. Based on the results obtained, early diagnostic and prognostic criteria for health disorders in workers of diverse chemical industries are substantiated. Based on the results obtained, early diagnostic and prognostic criteria for health disorders in workers of diverse chemical industries are substantiated. For rubber manufacturing workers: increased malonic dialdehyde, reduced catalase activity, the activity of catalase is lowering; increased enzymes activity (AST, ALT, GGT), protein abnormalities, erythropenia, decreased hemoglobin levels, increased reticulocyte. For fiber glass manufacturing workers: indicators of the oxidative antioxidant system, hemograms - increased lymphocytes, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, increased CD3 +, increased CD4 +, CD 16+, CD 20 +, FAL, IgG, increased total protein, hyperfermentemia (GGT, ALT), changes in the intracellular enzymes activity - acid phosphatase of neutrophils and lymphocytes, decreased myeloperoxidase, increased glycogen levels. For olefin oxides manufacturing workers - this is hyperfermentemia (ALT, alkaline phosphatase), protein metabolism changes, increased red blood cells, reticulocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, platelets, leucopenia, decreased FAL, increased IgM, decreased IgA, IgG, changes in the intracellular enzymes activity - decrease myeloperoxidase, increase acid phosphatase of neutrophils and lymphocytes.

[Dependence of dental status from the level of endogenous intoxication in chemical industry workers based on the oral fluid composition study]. / Zavisimost' otklonenii stomatologicheskogo statusa ot urovnia éndogennoi intoksikatsii u rabotnikov khimicheskogo proizvodstva: rezul'taty izucheniia sostava rotovoi zhidkosti.

The aim of the study was to assess the dependence of dental status from the level of endogenous intoxication in chemical industry workers. Dental examination and analysis of the composition of the oral fluid were performed in 101 workers dealing with production of chlorophenoxyherbicides (CPH) and 100 individuals of the control group having no contact with harmful production factors. The survey revealed higher intensity of dental caries among workers (RR=1.2), which is in direct correlation with the duration and degree of contact with toxicants (rxy=+1.0). It is established that the incidence, intensity and severity of periodontitis are associated with the duration and degree of contact with CPH. The study also revealed an 80% reduction in antioxidant defense in workers. The level of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) in the main group was 4 times higher (p<0.01, RR=4), while oligopeptides of average molecular weight (OAMW) - 2.2 times higher than in controls (p<0.01; RR=2.2), indicating increased lipid peroxidation and endogenous intoxication of workers of chlororganic production. MDA and OAMW levels correlated positively with the degree of involvement in chlororganic production (MDA: RR=5.6; p<0.0; OAMW: RR=3; p<0.001; rxy=+0.894) and employment duration (MDA: RR=4.4; p<0.05; rxy=+of 0.922; OAMW: RR=2.4; p<0.01). The estimation of the parameters of oral fluid is a non-invasive method for screening for occupational intoxication and the formation of risk groups.

Production and genetic risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among petrochemical industry workers.

AIM: To study the production and genetic factors affecting the cardiovascular system (CVS) in the petrochemical industry workers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: There was carried out an assessment of the working conditions and the state of health of 860 workers of petrochemical plants males, including 548 apparatchiks (main group) and 312 fitters of instrumentation and automation (comparison group). The main risk factors with subsequent assessment of cardiovascular risk (SSR) on the scale SCORE (Sistematic COronary Risk Evaluation) were studied. The analysis of the frequency distribution of deletion polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 glutathione among the workers of the basic trades involving patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and practically healthy workers. RESULTS: The development and progression of CVD in petrochemical production workers affects a complex working environment hazards and the labor process, corresponding, according to R2.2.2006-05, classes, working conditions 3.1-3.3 Labor intensity. The most common form of cardiovascular nosology was hypertonic disease (HD), identified in 46,9% of apparatchiks and 29,2% of fitters of instrumentation and automation. Determination of the relative risk etiological share of the working environment factors in the development of HD showed high degree of professional conditioning of the disease in a group of apparatchiks (RR=1,58, and EF=36,7%). Molecular genetic factor predisposing to the development of CVD, is the deletion of the GSTM1 gene. This genetic marker could be used as a predictor of individual risk criterion CVD. CONCLUSION: A comprehensive assessment of working conditions of workers of petrochemical plants showed that the priority factors of occupational risk for apparatchiks are air pollution of the working area with harmful substances (class 3.1-3.2), noise (class 3.1) and labor intensity (class 3.1). It has been established that in the formation of cardiovascular diseases under the influence of production factors, genetic factors can participate.

[Major risk factors and cardiovascular disease prevalence among petrochemical workers].

Objective. Based on the assessment of occupational and non-occupational risk factors, development of preventive measures for the reducing of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) prevalence among petrochemical workers. Material and Methods. A total of 2,634 petrochemical workers have been examined. To identify modified and unmodified risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, comprehensive hygienic and clinical laboratory studies have been carried out. Results. The obtained results have shown a higher riskfor the development of cardiovascular disease among operators as compared to metal workers for instrumentation and automation repairs. Based on the assessment of risk factors, preventive measures implemented at personal and corporative levels have been developed.

[The use of the antioxidant drink by healthy workers exposed to chemical factors].

In chemical manufacturing along with alimentary factors, workers are exposed to occupational hazards resulting in reduced antitoxic protective properties of the organism. The purpose of the present work was to develop a preventive method for reducing antitoxic functions of the body of healthy workers exposed to chemical factors. We have produced the drink containing carrot juice, honey, olive oil. The study involved 50 employees (the average age was 37.4±5.5 years) with experience of over 15 years. The main group (25 people) were workers with reduced antitoxic function who received the drink before each day's work shift for 10 days, the control group - workers with normal anti-toxic function, which did not take a drink. It was found that antioxidant drink intake by healthy employees of a chemical complex lead to the decrease of the level of molecules of average mass at λ=254 nm and at λ=280 nm by 15.1±7.2%, the activity of gammaglutamyl transferase - by 19.1%, alaninaminotransferase - by 44.1%, aspartataminotrans-ferase - by 34.7% (indicators of the syndrome of endogenous intoxication), the decrease of the content of malondialdehyde (as an indicator of an excessive accumulation of products of lipid peroxidation) - by 43.8%, while the activity of catalase, that indicates an increase in the antitoxic functions of the organism, increased by 37.5%.

[Peculiarities of air pollution in the production of continuous glass fiber].

With the use of a one-stage method we have carried out hygienic studies of the air of work area of the production of continuous glass fiber. There was revealed the emission of epichlorohydrin, formaldehyde, ethane acid, hydrochloride, spray of mineral petroleum oil, fine glass fiber dust in air of the work area. There was established the combined effect of hazardous substances of unidirectional action with the summation effect on the body. Hazardous substances containing in glass fiber sizers in combination with dust of glass fiber against the background of microtraumatization of the hand skin contribute to the development of occupational skin neoplasms. The studies became the basis of the development of preventive measures aimed at the reduction of risks of the impact of the chemical factor impact on workers.

[HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF WORKING CONDITIONS IN MODERN PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY].

In the paper there are reported the results of the performance of hygiene assessment of working conditions in petrochemical industry. The studies have shown that workers' body is exposed to a complex of hazardous occupational factors including a chemical factor, noise, the severity and intensity of the working process. An overall assessment of working conditions corresponds to Class 3.3.

[The laboratory markers of early metabolic disorders in workers of rubber Articles industry.]

The article presents results of complex laboratory analyses applied to workers of rubber articles industry using biochemical, hematological, immunological techniques. The study established the most expressed and early alterations of processes of oxidative metabolism (decreasing of catalase activity, increasing of level of malonic dialdehyde and uric acid) and indicators of lipid metabolism of blood serum. The increasing of percentage of persons with metabolic disorders related to length of service in industry is established. In examined workers signs of anemia (erythropenia, decreasing of level of hemoglobin) and leukopenia were detected. The imbalance of T-cell component (CD+ CD4+), accompanied by alteration of phagocyte activity and defect of humoral component with increasing of level of IgM and decreasing of level of IgA. The coefficients of diagnostic sensitivity of analyzed laboratory tests were established. The most significant laboratory markers permit diagnosing early metabolic disorders and degree of their expressiveness in workers of rubber articles industry.

[Analysis of associations of polymorphic loci of a tumor suppressor gene TP53 with malignant neoplasms in glass fiber manufacturing workers].

The purpose of the study was to determine the role of TP53 tumor suppressor gene polymorphisms in the occurrence of skin malignant neoplasms in glass fiber manufacturing workers. We carried out a comparative study of polymorphous loci Arg72Pro and dup16bp in TP53 gene in workers with skin cancer and hyperkeratosis (n = 68), occupied in continuous glass fiber manufacture, and in healthy workers (n = 52). The associations of both Pro and dup16 minor alleles of TP53 gene, and Arg/Pro-W/dup16 genotype combination with higher risks for skin oncologic diseases of occupational genesis have been revealed.

[Assessement of combined impact of hazards on petrochemical and chemical workers' health].

We have conducted a study on working conditions and health status of petrochemical workers. The main hazardous factor of work environment and manufacture process has been found to be work environment air pollution caused by Class 2-3 hazards. Depending on the composition of the current complex of hazards, the manufacture workers comprise three groups determined by the impact of aromatic hydrocarbons, olefin oxides and their combinations. It has been shown that the combined impact of aromatic hydrocarbons and olefin oxides combination may produce a more pronounced hazardous impact on workers' health compared with the impact of aromatic hydrocarbons or olefin oxides taken separately. This may be due to the summing up of biological effects.

[Role of laboratory tests in the early diagnosis of metabolic disorders in workers engaged in petrochemical production].

Studies of metabolic processes in petrochemical production workers revealed activation of lipid peroxidation, depressed antioxidant system, altered intracellular metabolism, high prevalence of dyslipidemia and increased serum enzymes levels. The metabolic changes of cellular and subcellular levels were seen in asymptomatic individuals--that supports value of laboratory tests in diagnosis of pathologic processes in petrochemical production workers.

[Early signs of the influence of harmful industrial factors on workers at present-day petrochemical plants].

The working conditions and health status were studied in workers from different petrochemical plants. The leading industrial factors that conferred moderate and high risks of health impairments as early signs of the combined action of harmful substances and industrial noise, as well as mild occupational diseases were identified in the workers of essential trades at the petrochemical plants. According to the results of the investigation, the authors have elaborated a package of measures to promote the health status of workers at the petrochemical plants.

[Influence of occupational factors in ore-dressing and processing enterprise on reproductive health of the female workers].

The authors present data on studies of work conditions of female workers engaged into ore-dressing and processing enterprise, occurrence of gynecologic diseases, and results of retrospective analysis of pregnancy and delivery course over 2001-2010. Findings are that work conditions in the industry increase gynecologic diseases risk and complications rate during pregnancy and delivery.

[The specific features of the development of chronic non-infectious diseases in mechanics at the petrochemical plants].

The present-day petrochemical plant workers, such as 533 process installation repairmen and 332 control instrumentation and automation installation repairmen, were the subjects of the study. The working conditions and the specific features of the formation of non-communicable diseases were examined in the workers of the above occupations. The specific features of the development of musculoskeletal and circulatory diseases and hearing impairments were revealed in the workers depending on the conditions and nature of their work. The data were statistically processed using the correlation coefficient r and the chi2 test at p < 0.05. The parameters were standardized for the examinees' age. During the study, the authors accepted the hypothesis that working conditions affected the prevalence of individual types of chronic non-communicable diseases in process installation repairmen.

[Osteoporosis as a problem of industrial hygiene (clinical and X-ray aspects of diagnosis)].

The article was aimed to evaluate locomotory system state in mental and physical workers. The study covered 232 patients. The investigation revealed peculiarities concerning course of destructive and degenerative diseases of locomotory system in the workers examined.

[Dystrophic changes in the locomotor system of manual labourers].

The specific features of dystrophic changes in the locomotor system of manual and intellectual laborers were studied on the basis of clinical and radiation diagnosis. The rate of dystrophic vertebral column lesions was approximately equal in both groups (38.5 +/- 4.8 and 37.7 +/- 6.7, respectively); however, the manifestations of sanogenetic reactions generally developed as hypertrophy upon exposure to chronic functional overstrain and as atrophy in intellectual laborers. Decompensation of the adaptive sanogenetic reactions manifesting as reflex, radicular, or myelogenous symptoms was observed in both occupational groups. The intellectual laborers more frequently underwent surgical treatment for complications of dystrophic vertebral column lesions.

[Role of polymorphic markers of antioxidants (NQO1, GSTP1, GPX1) genes in adaptive response to hazardous work conditions in workers].

The authors presented a comparative study of polymorphous loci Ile105Val and Ala114Val in GSTP1 gene, C609T and C464T in NQO1 gene, Pro197Leu in GPX1 gene of workers engaged into ethylbenzene-styrene (JSC "Salavatnefteorgsintez") and of apparently healthy individuals without occupational exposure to toxic chemicals. The same polymorphous markers were studied in workers differentiated according to health state. Occurrence of genotypes Ile/ Val of GSTP1 gene, Pro/Leu in GPX1 gene in the main group were lower vs. that in the reference one. Occurrence of CC genotype of polymorphous locus of C609T in NQO1 gene in the examinees exceeded that in the reference group. Distribution analysis of haplotypes of NQO1 and GSTP1 revealed high occurrence of *A haplotype of GSTP1 gene and low occurrence of *B haplotype in the main group vs. the reference one. The authors proved that molecular genetic marker of toxic liver affection is a heterozygous genotype of Pro/Leu in GPX1 gene and a combination of II/PL/CC genotypes of polymorphous markers Ile105Val in GSTP1 gene, C609T in NQO1 gene, Pro197Leu in GPX1 gene.

[Complex evaluation of work conditions and health state of oil industry workers].

The authors studied influence of occupational environment and work process factors on health of workers engaged into oil extraction. Analysis covered 7487 oil industry workers. Locomotory system and peripheral nervous system diseases, arterial hypertension, ENT diseases, gastro-intestinal disorders appeared to play leading role in the morbidity structure revealed. The studies helped to specify measures to preserve the oil workers health.

[Occupational morbidity in oil production industry of Bashkortostan Republic].

The authors studied occupational morbidity accumulated over 35 years in oil industry workers of Bashkortostan Republic. Leading place in morbidity structure is occupied by diseases caused by physical overload and certain organs and systems overstrain (81.5%), by physical factors (10.6%). Occupational respiratory diseases cover 6.4%, oil products intoxications--3.1%, skin diseases--0.6%.

[Influence of work conditions on locomotory diseases development in repairmen metalworkers at contemporary petrochemical enterprises].

The authors studied work conditions and locomotory diseases prevalence in metalworkers repairing technologic equipment at contemporary petrochemical enterprises. Findings are that the work conditions are difficult (class 3.2) and influence development and deterioration of locomotory diseases.